{"title":"Adoption of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007","authors":"J. Malinowski","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556523","url":null,"abstract":"On December 19, 2007, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 was signed by President Bush. This law mandates upgraded electric motor efficiency beginning in 2010. Canada is expected to follow with a similar requirement beginning January 2011. Other countries are also mandating MEPS (Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards) for electric motors.","PeriodicalId":182346,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131382121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paper mill boosts reliability centered maintenance program with cost savings generated by its infrared window program","authors":"Martin Robinson","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556506","url":null,"abstract":"A paper mill in Georgia had run a very successful infrared inspection program for a number of years via a local, contract thermographer working with the mill's in-house electricians. Although the program had a good track record, senior management was concerned about the potential impact of NFPA 70E requirements, and how best to comply with them. The plant commissioned a cost-benefit analysis - and this paper will present the results and recommendations from this study.","PeriodicalId":182346,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122147979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protection planning and system design to reduce arc flash incident energy in a multi-voltage level distribution system to 8 CAL/CM2 (HRC 2) or less – part I: Methodology","authors":"J. Das","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556504","url":null,"abstract":"The industry is heading towards innovations in the electrical systems designs, equipment and protection to limit the arc flash hazard. The paper demonstrates that in a multi-voltage level (medium and low-voltages) distribution system the incident energy can be reduced to 8 cal/cm2, or even less, (Hazard risk category, HRC2), so that a PPE outfit of greater than 2 is not required. This is achieved with the current state of the art equipment and protective devices. This paper is in two parts, part 1, methodology and Part II, analysis. There are variations in the calculation results depending upon the calculation methods. A new method for calculation of energy accumulation to account for decaying nature of short-circuits currents is presented.","PeriodicalId":182346,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129165225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbon brush performance on slip rings","authors":"Richard D. Hall, R. Roberge","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556522","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon brushes are commonly used on DC or AC applications such as commutators and slip rings. The commutator application has been studied extensively and there are many trouble shooting tools to assist the technician at resolving motor or generator problems. Slip ring applications have been widely used on high speed turbine generators, slower speed synchronous motor/generators and wound rotor motors. In recent years, with the aid of modern electronics, the doubly fed asynchronous generator and wound rotor motor have increased in popularity. Troubleshooting tools for the slip ring application used on this type of equipment are limited. This paper will address the modes of failure for carbon brushes and slip rings and the root cause analysis for these failures. The information for this paper was generated from motor/generator inspections over a large range of applications. The intent of this paper is to assist the technician with the evaluation of slip rings and carbon brushes in order to reduce maintenance cost and increase uptime.","PeriodicalId":182346,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117334063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tuned capacitor bank component selection – what difference does it make?","authors":"F. Nepveux","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556497","url":null,"abstract":"Paper plants without generation often have power factor and harmonic current issues to solve, and they have to be solved for the plant to operate. The easiest solution is typically a tuned capacitor bank, but someone has to design the bank. The design of a tuned bank involves selecting total VARs, the number of capacitor cans per phase, the voltage rating of the cans, and the bank tuning frequency. The purpose of this paper is to explore differences in bank performance that result from these selections. Four banks built with different components, all producing about 3 MVAR, are examined in this paper.","PeriodicalId":182346,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130948917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Specifying excitation systems for procurement","authors":"R. Schaefer","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556499","url":null,"abstract":"With today's microprocessor technology, digital excitation systems have become very versatile compared to their analog voltage regulator predecessors. Full function digital excitation systems come equipped with various operating modes necessary to control terminal voltage on the synchronous machine. In addition, a full complement of excitation limiters is provided to ensure control of the synchronous machine over a wide range of operating conditions. When specifying new excitation systems, it is important to consider all of the various factors that can affect the successful purchase of the new equipment. These include but are not limited to environment, location of the excitation system, applicable specifications, agency requirements, performance, and ratings. This paper discusses considerations involved in specifying the excitation system for a project.","PeriodicalId":182346,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125101628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient applications of bus transfer schemes","authors":"C. Wester, Terrence Smith","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556518","url":null,"abstract":"The application of bus transfer schemes in industrial and utility facilities, such as paper mills, petrochemical facilities, and utility power plants is significant in both its number and criticality. This paper will review the basics of main-tie-main bus transfer schemes, highlight the technical challenges associated with implementing such schemes, and examine how modern technology can provide solutions that enhance efficiency, engineering, and operations. Among the issues to be discussed in this paper are: (a) enhancing panel design by reducing the number of devices necessary for implementation; (b) achieving savings in wiring by utilizing IEC61850 peer-to-peer communication methods; (c) how modern technology enhances the ability to test and troubleshoot the scheme and; (d) examination of the advantages and disadvantages of different types of bus transfer schemes.","PeriodicalId":182346,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128319120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protecting at the speed of light: Combining arc flash sensing and arc-resistant technologies","authors":"J. Kay, J. Arvola, L. Kumpulainen","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2010.5556507","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most critical aspects of reducing both personnel injury and equipment damage is through the reduction of the energy available to an arcing fault. The initiation of a trip and the clearing time (opening) of any upstream device is a critical component in the reduction of the resultant arc flash incident energy. Combining technologies that detect and interrogate both arc flash and the associated arc current signatures in combination with arc resistant switchgear or controlgear, can provide a coordinated solution for controlling the level of incident energy at various points within the distribution network of a forest product facility. Hybrid systems of this type provide the highest level of personnel protection, along with comprehensive equipment protection. Detection and initiation of tripping is implemented faster than with conventional relaying techniques alone. The reduction of the overall trip time can reduce equipment collateral damage, reconditioning time and lost productivity resulting from downtime. These types of coordinated systems will also lower the personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements based on incident energy. This paper compares several systems including conventional overcurrent protection, zone selective interlocking and various light and current sensing systems.","PeriodicalId":182346,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116281412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fully utilizing the IED capability to reduce wiring","authors":"Terrence Smith, G. R. Hunt","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2010.5469524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2010.5469524","url":null,"abstract":"Each wired termination in a substation represents a cost associated with engineering, installing and testing that wired point. These costs include the obvious financial labor costs, but also include intangible costs such as installation and commissioning time, potential for human error, panel space, increased resistive burden in circuits, and larger raceways. Additionally, each wired termination represents stranded engineering time that is used to design these terminations rather than allowing the engineering staff to solve problems. This paper seeks to expose some of the hidden financial costs and reliability costs associated with copper process wiring. Additionally this paper will discuss ways in which modern IEDs can be fully implemented to further reduce wiring. The cost and reliability benefits associated with the reduced wiring will be discussed and quantified. Some of the solutions to be addressed include the use of breaker IEDs as an interface for breaker control, IED to SCADA communications, IED to IED communications, internal lockout Relays, IED pushbutton control, and process bus. Each of these solutions are currently available in today's market place and have varying degrees of acceptance within the industry. The benefits and liabilities of each solution using traditional IED implementation versus maximized IED implementation shall be discussed.","PeriodicalId":182346,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124348221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considerations in unit substation design to optimize reliability and electrical workplace safety","authors":"D. Durocher","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489875","url":null,"abstract":"Many legacy low and medium-voltage unit substations installed today are based upon older designs that took advantage of reduced first cost “opportunities” allowed by existing installation codes and standards. Fast-forward to how these substation designs fair in safety and reliability today, particularly in industrial process applications found in cement, pulp and paper, petroleum & chemical and others, some of the exercised “opportunities” applied in the past begin to look more like liabilities than assets. Legacy engineering decisions once thought to be prudent take on new meanings today, particularly when these decisions are viewed through the lens of emerging new workplace safety standards. The critical issue of addressing destructive arc-flash hazards associated with persons working on or around energized electrical equipment must now be considered. Because traditional substation designs often appeared to involve some compromise regarding both safety and reliability, a design team of a major process industry user took a fresh look at unit substation design. The design review took place in conjunction with construction of a Greenfield plant built in the spring of 2009 in the USA. This paper will review the design limitations of traditional unit substation configurations, offer an overview of the alternatives considered by the Greenfield site project team, and discuss commercial, operational, technical and safety validation of the design that was ultimately selected and installed.","PeriodicalId":182346,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132146271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}