Materials Chemistry and Physics最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of bimetallic (Fe/Bi) oxychloride nanosheet-entangled rods (FBOCNR) for osteosarcoma nano-therapy","authors":"Neetu Talreja ,&nbsp;Divya Chauhan ,&nbsp;Jospin Sindya ,&nbsp;Elumalai Perumal ,&nbsp;Mohammad Fareed ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ashfaq","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone cancer that is distinguished by osteoid and immature bone formation, having a high incidence rate in adolescents and children. OS is resistant to chemotherapy and less sensitive to radiotherapy, thereby making it challenging to treat OS. In this context, this study aims to produce Fe metals incorporated Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl)-based nanosheets assembled rods (FBOCNR)-based nanomedicine for treating OS cells. The synthesized FBOCNR-based nanomedicine effectively destroys/kills OS cells, confirmed by MTT assay, structural analysis, fluorescence microscopy (acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr)), and expression of apoptotic genes. The MTT assay showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of FBOCNR nanomedicine, with an IC50 of FBOCNR-0 (234.12 μg/mL), FBOCNR-0.5 (160.73 μg/mL), and FBOCNR-1 (185.15 μg/mL). Morphological analysis revealed apoptotic changes, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and reduced cell density. AO/EtBr staining confirmed increased apoptotic cell death in treated OS cells. Bright orange/red fluorescence indicated a greater fraction of apoptotic cells compared with that of controls. The FBOCNR-based nanomedicine downregulates Bcl2 and upregulates pro-apoptotic markers Bad, Bax, and caspase-3, enhancing programmed cell death. Therefore, the prepared FBOCNR-based nanomedicine provides newer possibilities for treating OS cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 131580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance ultra-thin SiO2 layer encapsulated FeSiAl soft magnetic composites for low-loss 100 kHz- 4 MHz power applications","authors":"Hanyu Yao,&nbsp;Tao Jing,&nbsp;Shuwei Ma,&nbsp;Xianguo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) play a crucial role in inductors for new energy vehicles, for which remains challenges in maintaining high permeability and reducing loss at kHz-MHz frequences. As an oxide with high resistivity of 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ Ω cm, SiO₂ is promising for high-frequency applications due to its disordered nano-skeleton structure and ultra-stability, whereas FeSiAl is advantageous with approaching zero magneto-crystalline anisotropy and magnetostriction. Here, thin SiO₂ layer is covered FeSiAl powders with silane coupling agent (KH550) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) using the sol-gel method, in which the thickness of layer is designed by varying the concentration of TEOS. The influence of SiO₂ layer on microstructure and magnetic properties of SMCs have been investigated. A thin SiO₂ layer can achieve synchronous reduction of eddy current loss and hysteresis loss while maintaining high permeability through electrical/magnetic isolation of FeSiAl powders. FeSiAl powders are uniformly coated with a ∼10 nm SiO₂ layer, endowing SMCs a high crush strength of 162 N, cut-off frequency of 68.48 MHz, a large magnetic permeability of 96.6 (@ 1 MHz), low power of 65.4 kW/m³ (50 mT, 100 kHz) and 260.4 kW/m³ (5 mT, 4 MHz). The comprehensive soft magnetic properties of the prepared FeSiAl/SiO₂ SMCs are superior to those reported in literatures, which would be potentially applied to high-performance inductors in 100 kHz- 4 MHz frequency ranges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 131581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of DeSC modified using succinic anhydride","authors":"Wangda Lu ,&nbsp;Yi Wu ,&nbsp;Xuepeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoran Sun ,&nbsp;Hongzhou Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the weakly acidic pH of the microenvironment of diseased tissues and the fact that glutathione content is several times higher than that of normal tissues, a pH/oxide-reduced drug slow-release carrier was designed using dextran (Dex) as a matrix.</div><div>The carrier material DeSC was prepared by carboxylating Dex using SA with dextran as a substrate, followed by amidation reaction with Cys, and self-assembled into nanoparticles using solution volatilization method. Using Cur as the drug model, the maximum values of 14.06 ± 0.37 % and 54.54 ± 1.7 % w were achieved when the drug loading and encapsulation rates were carried out using the stirring method, and the maximum values of 13.75 ± 0.48 % and 68.18 ± 3.33 % were achieved when the drug delivery ratio was 1:5. In the in vitro simulated drug release experiments, the cumulative drug release rate of Cur@DeSC increased with decreasing pH, reaching a maximum of 48.2 ± 2.04 % at pH = 5.5; The haemolysis rate was lower than 5 % and the cell survival rate was higher than 85 %, indicating that DeSC nanoparticles have a good biosafety profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 131574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a promising sensor for the detection of 5FU anti-cancer drug with Pt-decorated Irida-graphene monolayer","authors":"Chou-Yi Hsu ,&nbsp;Thanaa Amir Ahmed ,&nbsp;Egambergan Khudoynazarov ,&nbsp;Doniyor Jumanazarov ,&nbsp;Aseel Smerat ,&nbsp;Ahmed Aldulaimi ,&nbsp;Anmar Ghanim Taki ,&nbsp;Rafid Jihad Albadr ,&nbsp;Waam Mohammed Taher ,&nbsp;Mohammed Akbar ,&nbsp;Ali G. Alkhathami","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The estimations related to the density functional theory (DFT) were undertaken for the sake of examining the electronic sensitiveness of the pure Irida-graphene monolayer (PIGM) and Pt-decorated Irida-graphene monolayer (Pt@IGM) to the adhesion of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Although the adhesion of 5FU molecules onto the monolayers were weak, the molecules were physically adhered on the surfaces of the monolayers with the adhesion energies of −0.449 eV. Decorating the Pt atom substantially changed the 5FU adhesion capacities and the electronic characteristics of the monolayer. Decorating the Pt atom changed both the sensitiveness and reactivity of the monolayer to 5FU. The Pt@IGM can be considered as a promising sensor with structural stability at normal temperature, the 2.87 s time of recovery at 300 K, the transport of 0.317 e charges and the adhesion energy of −1.09 eV. The current piece of research has the potential to open new avenues for designing and fabrication of sensing devices to detect biomolecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 131570"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P-type Ca2.5Ag0.3Tb0.2Co4O9 semiconducting materials for thermoelectric generators: Synthesis and characterization","authors":"Enes Kilinc ,&nbsp;Fatih Uysal ,&nbsp;Mucahit Abdullah Sari ,&nbsp;Huseyin Kurt ,&nbsp;Erdal Celik","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of p-type Ca_2.5Ag_0.3Tb_0.2Co₄O₉ semiconducting materials for thermoelectric applications. Ca_2.5Ag_0.3Tb_0.2Co₄O₉ ceramic materials were successfully synthesized via the sol-gel method for thermoelectric applications. The synthesis involved heat treatment steps, including drying, combustion, calcination, and sintering under oxidative conditions. The produced materials were evaluated for their thermal, structural, morphological, and thermoelectric properties using TG-DTA, FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM, and TM techniques. TG-DTA analysis shows that Ca_2.5Ag_0.3Tb_0.2Co₄O₉ ceramics achieve the desired structural and functional properties with optimal heat treatment at 800 °C. FTIR analysis shows that at 800 °C, organic and nitrate bonds in Ca_2.5Ag_0.3Tb_0.2Co₄O₉ ceramics are completely decomposed, leading to the formation of the metal–oxide phase. XRD analysis shows that Ca₂.₅Ag₀.₃Tb₀.₂Co₄O₉ powders heat-treated at 800 °C exhibit a phase-pure Ca₃Co₄O₉ structure, where Ag and Tb co-doping induces lattice expansion and distortion, thereby influencing thermoelectric properties. XPS analysis confirms that Ca²⁺, Co³⁺, Ag⁺, and Tb³⁺ ions are successfully incorporated into the Ca_2.5Ag_0.3Tb_0.2Co₄O₉ ceramics, and that doping, along with oxygen vacancies, optimizes the thermoelectric properties. The material exhibited a Seebeck coefficient of 238.18 μV/K, electrical resistivity of 12.98 mΩ cm, and a peak power factor of 0.44 mW/m·K² at 800 °C, highlighting its thermoelectric potential. The results indicate that Tb and Ag co-doping enhances the thermoelectric properties, making this material a promising candidate for thermoelectric generators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 131586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SnO–Sn(OH)2 nanoflakes as non-enzymatic glucose sensor for human serum analysis using EIS","authors":"Hassiba Bouchemel ,&nbsp;Siham Lameche ,&nbsp;Salah Eddine Berrabah ,&nbsp;Ouahiba Lahdiri ,&nbsp;Amar Manseri","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A porous film, composed of tin oxide and hydroxide nanoflakes (SnE/SnO@Sn(OH)₂), was successfully grown on a bare Sn electrode and used as a non-enzymatic sensor for glucose detection using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor was developed in a single step via anodic oxidation in a 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ solution. Various characterization techniques, including CV, EIS, chronoamperometry, SEM, XRD and ATR-FTIR, were employed to confirm and analyze the modification process. Unlike conventional SnO₂-based or MOF-based sensors, the unique SnO–Sn(OH)₂ hybrid system combines the high electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of SnO with the abundant hydroxyl functional sites of Sn(OH)₂, yielding a synergistic enhancement in glucose oxidation performance. EIS technique was used as the detection method because of its high sensitivity to interfacial changes at low analyte concentrations, allowing precise monitoring of glucose oxidation kinetics that might be overlooked by faster but less surface-sensitive techniques such as amperometry or cyclic voltammetry. Several parameters were optimized to enhance the sensor's efficiency, i.e. deposition potential, accumulation time, temperature, electrolyte type, and pH. Under optimal conditions, the modified electrode demonstrated the best response in NaOH solution, showing a significant enhancement in electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation. The as-prepared sensor demonstrated the ability to detect glucose over a wide concentration range, up to 2.0 μM, with a detection limit of 0.4 μM, a quantification limit of 1.8 μM, and a notable sensitivity of 0.04 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻². Additionally, the SnE/SnO@Sn(OH)₂-5 sensor exhibited excellent selectivity in the presence of various interfering species. It also displayed good repeatability (RSD = 0.49 %) and reproducibility (RSD = 0.91 %). The sensor's reliability and precision were further confirmed by its satisfactory performance in human serum, with recovery values ranging from 96 % to 101 %. In summary, our study introduces an innovative and cost-effective electrochemical sensor based on a modified tin electrode, offering sensitive and accurate glucose detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 131579"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative study on atomic bond proportions and microstructural evolution in Co40Ti60 amorphous alloys via molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Xiaopeng Shan ,&nbsp;Yudian Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengmin Xu ,&nbsp;Jiayi Pei ,&nbsp;Mengyu Li ,&nbsp;Zhihui Li ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the influence of cooling rate on the microstructural evolution and bonding characteristics of Co₄₀Ti₆₀ amorphous alloys. A comprehensive analysis based on pair distribution functions, coordination numbers, atomic bond proportions, Voronoi volume and associated polyhedral features was conducted to elucidate the evolution of heteronuclear and homonuclear bonds under a range of cooling conditions. The results revealed that as the cooling rate increased, the proportion of Co–Ti heteronuclear bonds gradually decreased, whereas the proportions of Co–Co and Ti–Ti homonuclear bonds increased correspondingly. This trend suggests that rapid cooling suppresses the formation of ordered structures, resulting in a more random distribution of bonding types among neighboring atoms. Meanwhile, the overall coordination number decreased, and the average Voronoi volume increased, indicating a transition toward a more open and disordered local structure. In contrast, at lower cooling rates, atoms have more time for rearrangement, leading to the formation of more heteronuclear bonds and characteristic ordered clusters, thereby enhancing structural compactness and short-range order. Overall, the Young's modulus exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing cooling rate, reaching a maximum at 1e13 K/s. This anomaly is attributed to the locally optimized structural synergy induced by a peak number of ordered clusters formed under this specific cooling condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 131583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mo-doping directed nanoflower architecture in NiFe phosphide for ultralow-overpotential oxygen evolution catalysis","authors":"Kui Li,&nbsp;Junxin Xiang,&nbsp;Xinxia Ma,&nbsp;Jiang Wu,&nbsp;Zhiwei Tao,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zheng,&nbsp;Jishun Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing industrial-scale hydrogen production. To address the limitations of insufficient active sites and sluggish kinetics in transition metal phosphides (TMPs), we report a three-dimensional hierarchical Mo_0.6Ni_1.05Fe_0.15P/NF nanoflower electrocatalyst fabricated on nickel foam (NF) via stepwise hydrothermal-phosphidation. Synergistic Mo doping critically guides the formation of the nanoflower morphology, yielding a high specific surface area of 59.31 m² g⁻¹ and abundant edge active sites. This unique architecture, combined with optimized Mo-Fe-Ni electronic interactions that lower the charge transfer resistance to 4.3 Ω, enables exceptional OER performance in 1 M KOH: remarkably low overpotentials of 176, 263, and 351 mV at 10, 50, and 100 mA cm⁻², respectively. These values surpass most reported TMP-based catalysts and rival commercial RuO₂. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates robust stability, maintaining 80 % current density after 48 h of operation. Our work establishes that morphology-composition modulation via high-valent Mo doping effectively enhances active site exposure, optimizes OH⁻ adsorption energetics, and accelerates charge transfer kinetics. This study provides fundamental insights into multi-metallic phosphide design and demonstrates a high-performance, non-precious alternative for practical water electrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 131578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of sonication duration and calcination temperature on the structural, physicochemical and bioactivity of biogenic nano-hydroxyapatite from scallop shells for bone repair applications","authors":"Diki Dwi Pramono ,&nbsp;Poppy Puspitasari ,&nbsp;Heru Suryanto ,&nbsp;Yahya Zakaria ,&nbsp;Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the synergistic effects of sonication duration and calcination temperature on the synthesis of biogenic nano-hydroxyapatite from scallop shell waste for bone repair applications. The synthesis involved wet ball milling and sonochemical treatment at 30 and 60 min of sonication, followed by calcination at 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C. Increasing the calcination temperature led to larger crystallite size due to the effect of coalescence phenomenon and greater unit-cell volume. A sonication duration of 60 min promoted the formation of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). The combination of 60 min of sonication and calcination at 900 °C produced hydroxyapatite with the smallest crystallite size with hexagonal structure, lowest unit-cell volume, and an average particle size of 68.4 nm. Cytotoxicity tests confirmed the material's biocompatibility, with osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell viability exceeding 70 %. Antibacterial tests revealed weak inhibition against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, suggesting potential for further enhancement. Overall, scallop shell waste provides a sustainable, low-cost source for producing bioactive nano-hydroxyapatite, supporting the eco-friendly development of bone regeneration materials. Future work should optimize antibacterial performance and assess in vivo efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 131571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on citric acid passivation parameters and corrosion resistance performance of SCM435 steel for fasteners","authors":"Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Yuexin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhijun He ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Sun ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Hongxuan Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, citric acid is used to passivate SCM435 steel, which can be regarded as an ideal anti-corrosion solution in the field of ship engineering. The experiment focused on investigating the effects of citric acid dosage, hydrogen peroxide concentration, passivation temperature and time on the surface morphology and corrosion resistance of the passivation film. The results show that the optimal citric acid passivation process is: 15 wt% citric acid, H₂O₂ 16 wt%, passivation temperature of 40 °C and treatment time of 50 min (F4). After the F4 treatment, a large number of dense and uniform irregular particles formed on the surface of SCM435 steel. The chromium content in the passivation layer is significantly higher than that of the substrate, while the iron content is comparatively lower. Moreover, a passivation film of Cr/Fe oxides or hydroxides was formed on the surface of the steel. After the FeCl₃ pitting test, the corrosion rate ratio decreased to 0.24. Compared with the un-passivated counterparts, the corrosion current density and corrosion rate of the passivated SCM435 steel are markedly reduced (F4), exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 131553"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}