International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research最新文献

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF HOUSEHOLD SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ON FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF SMALL-HOLDER FARMERS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA","authors":"Toroitich, Caroline, Mugalavai Violet, O. Julius","doi":"10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i02.012","url":null,"abstract":"Food security is important to economic, social, religious, political and cultural development. The study assessed the effect of household characteristics on food security status among smallholder farming households in Uasin Gishu County. Descriptive survey was adopted for the study and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Majority of respondents were male (56%), with an average age of 38 years and most of them (78%) married. One hundred and seventy-one (43%) respondents had secondary school as their highest level of education. In relation to gender of head of households, the majority were led by men, at 78%. A large proportion of the households (67%) had farm size below five acres with average farm size reported to be 2.29 acres. Majority, 91%, of the respondents owned the land with only 9% indicating that they leased land. Majority, 69% had more than six years farming experience. Majority of respondents sourced their food from own farm production at 96.9%. Majority (70%) of respondents had not experienced food insecurity. between demographic to their","PeriodicalId":182275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116955989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A STATISTICAL STUDY ON CROPPING PATTERN CHANGES IN MADURAI DISTRICT","authors":"K. Arulpandiyan, K. Prabakaran","doi":"10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.015","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out Madurai district major rainfed crops cultivating taluk of Thirumangalam and Sedapatti taluks. In Thirumangalam and Sedapatti taluk changes in cropping pattern was studied by using Markov chain analysis and the results showed that the rainfed area under green gram was most stable crop and other rainfed crops area was considered in the study have less stability. The result revealed that the retained area was almost similar ranging from 35% to 45% in all rainfed crops in Thirumangalam taluk. In Sedapatti taluk the results showed that the rainfed area under cotton was most stable crop and other rainfed crops area was considered in the study have less stability.","PeriodicalId":182275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133191989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF LEAVE AND BARK ASH OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA EXTRACTS AGAINST INSECT PEST OF AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS L","authors":"Samuel Femi Babatunde, Stephen Taiye. Ogunleye, Aminat Arinola Solihu","doi":"10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.013","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was carried out to assess the efficacy of some botanicals in the control of field insect pests of Amaranthus hybridus . Dry leaf and bark ash extract of Azadirachta indica served as treatments which were compared with Lambdacyhalothrin and a control. The experiment was fitted into a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data collected were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance and significant different means were separated using Fishers Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5 % level of probability. The results revealed that treated plants generally performed better than the untreated plants as they were taller, had more leaves, branches, wider stem girths and gave higher fruit yield. bark ash extract of Azadirachta indica performed better in most parameters measured. The results indicate that leaf and bark ash extract of Azadirachta indica if properly harnessed can be used as a biopesticide in the control of field insect pest of A. hybridus . Data were collected on total number of leaves, number of damaged leaves, percentage leaf damage, plant height, stem girth, and dry weight. Five leaves were randomly selected and tagged and for these measurements. The number of leaves produced per A. hybridus plant for each of the treatments was counted and the number recorded. The number of leaves holes a was also and the recorded as the number The percentage damaged was calculated as: Significant differences (P<0.05) were found among the treatments in the growth parameters assessed with the exception of the stem girth Plants sprayed with Lambdacyhalothrin had significantly the highest plant height, root length and dry weight while plants sprayed with the plant extracts had comparable values with the control plants. The results showed that the aqueous plant extracts exhibited some level of control of the field pests of A. hybridus as they recorded lower percentage leaf damage in relation to the control. Decrease in percentage leaf damage to the application of the plant extracts is an indication of reduced number of foliage pests of A. hybridus . It is also an indication that the extracts possess insecticidal effects in reducing insect attack. the result in this experiment conform with the of Aderolu et al decrease in insect population and number of","PeriodicalId":182275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115003123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ROOF WATER HARVESTING","authors":"V. S. Swatha, K. Sathian","doi":"10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the filter clogging, majority of the roof water harvesting systems are dysfunctional after a very short span of life of their commissioning. In this context, an alternative filter system with high filtration efficiency and easy to clean provision will be a great boon in solving the roof water harvesting issue. The upward flow mesh filter is the solution; it can be made in different mesh sizes. The existing one is 100 micron mesh filter and its filtration efficiency is found to be 84.6%. For improving the efficiency of the system, 60, 40 and 25 micron mesh filter has been designed and has been compared with the 100 micron mesh filter. It is found that by using 60, 40 and 25 micron mesh filter, efficiency is increased to 86.2%, 87.53% and 88.4%. As part of the study, quality of roof water from different kinds of roofing materials has been conducted and the parameters viz. pH, EC, TDS, suspended matters and microbial content have been evaluated.","PeriodicalId":182275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130022662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION IN WATER COLUMN, SEDIMENTS, CHRYSICHTHYS NIGRODIGITATUS (SILVER CATFISH) AND MACROBRACHIUM MACROBRACHION (BRACKISH WATER PRAWN) FROM BADAGRY CREEK AND OLOGE LAGOON IN NIGERIA","authors":"O. Aderinola, G. Mekuleyi, A. Adu","doi":"10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.011","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the concentration of heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) in water, sediments, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Macrobrachium macrobrachion from Badagry Creek and Ologe Lagoon, between June and November, 2016. Water, sediment, 90 C. nigrodigitatus and 110 M. macrobrachion were collected and digested using standard method. Fe (178.97±15.48mgL -1 ) and Zn (299.63±152.17mgL -1 ) concentrations in water of Ologe Lagoon was higher (p<0.05) than that recorded in Badagry Creek (138.16±39.49 mgL -1, 295.71±9.33 mgL -1 ). Cd concentration in sediment from Badagry Creek (7.96±4.45µgg -1 ) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that from Ologe Lagoon (5.98±2.48 µgg exceeded WHO permissible limits. The results indicated that both water bodies are contaminated with heavy metals although more prominent in Ologe Lagoon. Therefore, indiscriminate discharging of untreated effluents into Badagry creek and Ologe Lagoon should be cautioned.","PeriodicalId":182275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130280152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE AND SOYBEAN MIXTURE AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC MULCH IN THE SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH ZONE OF NIGERIA","authors":"N. Odoh, E. Oku, Emem Ebuk Efiok","doi":"10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.008","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of different organic mulch materials on soil properties and on the growth and yield response of maize-soybean intercrop was investigated at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Abuja. The mulch treatments used include; Centrosema pubescens , Sawdust, Rice husk and No- mulch. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Soil pH and Electrical conductivity were observed to have been lower under mulched plots. Soil organic carbon was generally low (1-9 g/kg) for maize while for soybean OC across mulch treatment ranged from 2- 17 g/kg; with the highest OC value (17 g/kg) recorded under sawdust. A significantly (P< 0.05) highest maize grain yield (1.01ton/ha) and stem diameter (10.3 cm) was observed under Centrosema pubencens while the least grain yield (0.66 ton/ha) was obtained under sawdust treatment. The highest soybean grain yield of 0.14 ton/ha was recorded under Centrosema pubescens treatment while the lowest grain yield of 0.12 ton/ha was recorded under sawdust treatment. The varied effect of organic mulch treatment on some soil characteristics and also on the growth and yield of maize - soybean mixture is a reflection of the effects of organic mulch on the microclimate of the soil. The organic mulch materials used include sawdust, rice husk and Centrosema pubescens . Sawdust was collected from a saw mill while rice husk was collected from rice mill both within the FCT Centrosema pubescens was collected from the University farm. The collected mulch materials were air dried to a constant weight prior to their measurement and application. Mulch treatment was applied at four (4) levels namely T 1- Centrosema pubescens (17 tons/ha), T 2-Sawdust (28 tons/ha), T 3- Ricehusk (28 tons/ha) and T 4- No-mulch (control) all at 3 WAS. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated four times. Routine weeding was done manually using a native hoe. The experiment was terminated 16 WAS.","PeriodicalId":182275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128034667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF VACUUM OVEN DRYER FOR APPLE DRYING","authors":"N. Ahmed, B. Jeelani","doi":"10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.005","url":null,"abstract":"Apple slices were dried in a vacuum oven at temperature 90 o C and 100 o C respectively. Samples dried had thickness 4mm, 5mm and 6mm of two varieties of apples viz. red delicious and golden delicious. Drying shrinkage was measured by means of a measuring cylinder with the help of distilled water. Color assessment was conducted based on the results obtained with the use of a reflective colorimeter. The kinetics of apple slices drying with vacuum oven dryer was described using exponential functions. The vacuum oven method considerably shortened total time of dying and decreased drying shrinkage. Apple slices dried with vacuum oven method demonstrated better by rehydrating properties manifested by absorption capacity, dry matter holding capacity and rehydration ability. Vacuum method drying, results in the browning of apples slices was found more in red delicious as compared to golden delicious. Experiments were conducted to categorize the effect of drying behavior of apple slices having thickness 4mm, 5mm and 6 mm were evaluated at two air temperatures viz. 90°C and 100°C and response variables namely Shrinkage, Rehydration Ratio, Colour change, Bulk Density and Over All Acceptability were determined and the detailed result and their variety are different. The authors have obtained, for apple cylinders (approximately 2.10-2 m diameter and 1.10-2 m height) vacuum dried and air dried (70 ° C), values for bulk density around 20 to 50% lower, suggesting that thin slices could make shrinkage easier. The results are in agreement with the findings of Maria Aparecida [2014] for “Vacuum drying of osmotic dehydrated apple slices” which suggests that the vacuum dried samples, presented higher densities and higher volume reduction, reflecting the collapsing of the solid matrix. The vacuum dried samples remained wet for longer time.","PeriodicalId":182275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114358106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF NITROGENOUS SOIL AMMENDMENTS ON SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF CASTORBEAN PLANT (Ricinus communis) IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"O. A. Orji","doi":"10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.003","url":null,"abstract":"The castor bean seed when cooked and fermented, is a staple food condiment in Nigeria, but its production is low in the humid rainforest zone of Southern Nigeria. A field experiment was conducted in the Rivers State University Teaching and Research Farm in Port Harcourt Nigeria, to evaluate the effect of various nitrogenous soil amendments on the growth and yield of castor bean plant (Ricinus communis). The treatments included 120kgNha -1 equivalent of urea, NPK 20-10-10, poultry droppings, piggery dung and no amendment (control). These were replicated thrice and laid out in randomized complete block design. A Chinese improved variety of castor bean plant (Zibocastor No 5) was planted at a spacing of 1m x 1m within and between row, at a population of 5,000 seeds per hectare. Results showed that the various nitrogenous soil amendments significantly affected all growth and yield parameters measured, but germination was negatively affected. Piggery dung gave the best values of 52.6cm, 24.0, 85.0cm 2 , 191.5, and 350gplant -1 for plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of capsules and capsule weight respectively, when compared to the control with 24.5, 8.0, 40.0cm 2 , 28.4, 153gplant -1 . Results of the physico-chemical properties of the soil showed significant increase in total nitrogen and available phosphorus, and a decrease in exchangeable calcium and magnesium with no significant changes in pH; following soil amendment and cropping. Amending the soil with piggery dung increased yield by 397.0% over the control.","PeriodicalId":182275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123631681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH ON ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN CHINA WITH EXTENDED SBM MODEL","authors":"Junjun Li, Limei Zhou","doi":"10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.012","url":null,"abstract":"An extended SBM model is proposed to measure the provincial environmental efficiency including undesirable input and undesirable output in window analysis. In the index system, energy consumption is used as an undesirable input as a new approach and undesirable output is a different combination of three kinds of pollution emissions (SO 2 , COD, and CO 2 ), and the dataset covers 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2017. It is found that there is a big gap in the environmental efficiency scores among different provinces and higher scores in the east region and lower scores in the west region. In the long run, it has the property of a generally upward trend and regional convergence and there is a strong positive relationship with economic growth. Then, a variety of econometric models, including panel data model, GMM model, and panel Tobit model test the N-shape curve reflecting the relationship between environmental efficiency and economic growth, and the conclusions are consistent with robust results. economic efficiency panel model, model, and model. The conclusions obtained are consistent, and the results are robust.","PeriodicalId":182275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124452347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RED PALM WEEVIL - A SERIOUS PEST OF COCONUT AND ITS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL MEASURES","authors":"L. Balakrishnan","doi":"10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i03.006","url":null,"abstract":"Red palm weevil Rhychophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) Curculionidae: Coleoptera, a tissue boring insect is a serious pest in most of the palms. In India, it is a dangerous pest of coconut. Both larva and adult are the pests of the crop. The adult injures the palm with its snout for oviposition or lays eggs on the wounds found in the palms and the larva feeds on the soft tissues of the palm. The main symptoms of the attack of red palm weevil are oozing out of thick brown to yellowish fluids from the tunnels, appearance of the frass around the opening of the tunnels. Newer infestations are hardly detected and early detection of the infestations is also difficult. Thus it becomes a menace for the control of this pest. Avoiding wounds on the palms and clean cultivation of the crop can avoid the infestation to a considerable extent. The use of pesticides can control the infestation at the initial stages. But the use of chemical pesticides is found to deteriorate the quality of the crop as well as the land. Chemical pesticides are non-ecofriendly and non-human friendly. So this article suggests on the various available biological control of the pest such as pheromone traps, entomopathogenic organisms, predators and parasitoids. Biotechnological methods such as suppression of the vitellogenin genes and shredding of the x chromosomes can control the pest to a greater extent.","PeriodicalId":182275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125865935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}