Day 3 Wed, October 23, 2019最新文献

{"title":"Miscible Gas Injection as a Key Development Scenario for the Complex Reservoir with Low Permeability","authors":"I. Mukhametzyanov, N. Glavnov","doi":"10.2118/198619-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/198619-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Currently, for the most oil companies it is possible to identify a general tendency that the reservoir permeability for the new prospects is decline. Reserves quality deterioration increases the risk of the future oil production failure. This paper describes the organization of an integrated approach to source data analysis, simulation model constructon and miscible displacement design in a low-permeable reservoir.\u0000 At the first stage, a reservoir fluid model is constructed. Based on the lack of a qualitative oil sample from the well (original sample was significantly depressurized during testing) and on the analysis of the fluid properties of the analog fields, the prediction of the main oil parameters was made. At the second stage, using static parameters of a low-permeable reservoir, probabilistic simulation models of the field was constructed, providing a coverage of the main spectrum of reservoir uncertainties. Further, import gas resources were estimated for the injection implementation.\u0000 The main result is an integrated assessment of the impact of uncertainties for oil properties and gas import resources on key economic indicators for a miscible displacement at the field with a low-permeable reservoir using the reservoir simulation model. The analysis verified the key parameters that have the greatest impact on the economy of the project, determined the threshold values for the volume of gas imports, and based on the feasibility study made recommendations on the choice of the pilot area for injection. A program for conducting additional laboratory experiments was also prepared, this study will allow the narrowing of the oil composition uncertainties and its interaction with injection gas. In addition, a program is developed to carry out special core experiments on gas injection, which will make it possible to correct the behavior of phase permeabilities for a miscible displacement.\u0000 This paper shows that on the basis of reservoir simulation an integrated approach organization for the verification, accounting and analysis of uncertainties on reservoir characteristics, fluid properties and volume of imported third-party gas allows to search for and select an economically viable and sustainable option to develop an oil field using miscible gas injection technology. An implementation of this approach provides a recovery factor increase from 7% to 25%.","PeriodicalId":182237,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, October 23, 2019","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124181605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wettability Measurements of Mixed Clay Minerals at Elevated Temperature and Pressure: Implications for CO2 Geo-Storage","authors":"C. Fauziah, E. Al-Khdheeawi, A. Barifcani, S. Iglauer","doi":"10.2118/198591-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/198591-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wettability of CO2/brine/clay has an important role in CO2 geo-sequestration efficiency as it highly affects the fluid flow through a porous medium. In this context, it is vital to measure the wettability of the clays. In addition, many previous studies have been conducted to investigate the wettability of pure clay minerals. Thus, in this study, we systematically measured the wettability of a mixture of different clay minerals (i.e. 14 wt% kaolinite, 48 wt% illite and 38 wt% montmorillonite). Both advancing and receding contact angles were measured at four different pressures (ranging from 5 MPa to 20 MPa) and two different temperatures; 305 K and 333 K. Then, for each clay minerals suspension with the brine, the zeta potential analysis was conducted to examine the clay's correlation to macroscopic contact angle. The results illustrate that the advancing and receding contact angles increased with increasing pressure (i.e. the wettability of the mixed clay has been altered from weakly water-wet to intermediate-wet with the pressure increased from 5 to 20 MPa). However, the results show that mixed clay minerals contact angle was a slight decrease with increasing temperature from 305 K and 333 K. Therefore, we conclude that the mixed clay minerals contact angle is highly affected by reservoir pressure and that higher pressures lead to reduce the CO2 storage capacity and contaminate security of the mixed clay minerals. This study has various significant implications for CO2 flow in porous media, CO2 entrapment in the deep geological reservoirs for CO2 geo-sequestration, and CO2 dynamics and spreading in geological formations for CO2 injection of methane recovery.","PeriodicalId":182237,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, October 23, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130162729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlight on Oil and Gas Major Projects – Shall We Continue Investing?","authors":"Noora AlAmir, Mohamed Saeed AlMarar","doi":"10.2118/198608-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/198608-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Today, increasing prosperity of developing economies is considered as the main reason for increasing world energy demand and renewable energy will be the fastest growing source of energy. It is forecast that despite increasing share of renewables in energy consumption, demand for oil and other gaseous fuels will not decline till 2040. To cater for increasing demand for hydrocarbon liquids and natural gas world is going to witness increased production through mega projects under US tight oil, OPEC and expansion of liquefied natural gas (LNG) production from US shale, North Sea, Asia and Africa. These mega projects are in various stages of conceptualization, planning, construction and operations.\u0000 In this study four categories of oil and gas megaprojects have been discussed taking guidance from a report \" Spotlight on Oil and Gas Megaprojects\" prepared by Ernst and Young Global Limited in 2014. The Ernst & Young study identified 365 projects with individual CAPEX of multi-billion dollars in petroleum sector related to upstream, LNG, refining and pipelines. Cumulative projects’ CAPEX was approximately USD 2.6 trillion and included only those which were in planning or construction phase. According to the report, average cost of such projects varies in the range of USD 6 – 11 billion which is matching with CAPEX of projects identified for this study. All four projects studied have started commercial operations recently, as listed below: Upstream Wellhead Project – Clair Ridge production, Major UK North Sea development – CAPEX ~ USD 6 billionLNG Liquefaction Terminal – Prelude FLNG project, Browse Basin, Australia – CAPEX ~ USD 10 billionGas Pipeline Construction – Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline, Turkey – CAPEX ~ USD 8 BillionPetroleum Refinery Installation – Pengerang Refinery Complex, Malaysia – CAPEX ~ USD 27 Billion\u0000 It is well known today that era of \" easy hydrocarbons\" is approaching its end. Petroleum sector players are now planning to diversify their portfolios by tapping into emerging opportunities in unconventional oil and gas like shale gas, Oil sands, Light tight oil, Coal seam gas, LNG liquefaction, Ultra-deep water, the Arctic etc. All these unconventional hydrocarbon production technologies require mega-projects for their commercial implementation.\u0000 Mega-projects are becoming a norm in petroleum sector despite high CAPEX and having long lead times for reaching commercial operations. FID for such project is driven by commercial deployment of technological advanced methods for unconventional hydrocarbon recovery with major focus on offshore development. Deployment of pooled resources by multinational Joint Ventures using their experience to implement innovative technological solutions is a recipe of successful project implementation. Oil and gas megaprojects have four distinct characteristics – high investment costs, long lead time, relatively higher technical risks and geopolitical influences. Four successfully completed projects","PeriodicalId":182237,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, October 23, 2019","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130055562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Project Construction Modularization Assessment","authors":"M. Abdellatif","doi":"10.2118/198626-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/198626-ms","url":null,"abstract":"The decision to use Modularization Vs Stick Built for project execution must be subject to proper assessment followed by Constructability Assessment to decide on the best way forward.\u0000 The Construction Modularization Assessment is the best process to decide. This exercise must be carried out during FEED taking into consideration the geographic site location, resource availability, logistics, constraints and limitations. The outcome of this exercise will determine the feasibility of modularization and estimate the number, type and weight of each module.\u0000 The build sequence is an important factor linked to this exercise and must be carefully studied to provide a clear plan linked to the estimated delivery dates of material and equipment with special attention to long delivery items in addition to assessing the risk of delays and provide alternative module installation sequence.\u0000 Conducting such assessment during FEED will have a major impact on Project successful delivery since it will provide the EPC Tenderers with clear methodology for fabrication and installation, however this assessment and proposed modularization scheme can always be modified by the EPC Contractor to suit his capabilities and resources.\u0000 Also, it worth highlighting that the assessment will identify the associated risks which will help the Contractor to be very competitive in his bid.\u0000 This paper is based mainly on lessons learned from implemented major onshore and offshore projects and accordingly reflects a practical approach which can be adopted for future projects.\u0000 It is to be noted that such assessment is not part of the standard formal reviews carried out by companies during FEED and mostly left to EPC Contractor to decide.","PeriodicalId":182237,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, October 23, 2019","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114218590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Water/CO2 Ratio on Performance of CO2-Based EOR in a Sandstone Reservoir – Insights from Core Flood Tests and Simulations","authors":"P. Pourafshary, I. Khanbashi, Nader Mosavat","doi":"10.2118/198624-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/198624-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Injection of water and gas are considered to be effective approaches in improving recovery from sandstone oil reservoirs. Different combinations of water and gas injection (such as continuous gas injection after water-flooding, simultaneous water and gas injection, and carbonated water injection) are used in oil fields to increase the recovery. The selection of the injection method and optimization of practical parameters, such as the water/gas ratio, improves the performance of this approach. Comprehensive experimental modeling techniques help specialists in the oil industry to design the most effective gas/water based enhanced oil recovery methods to produce more oil in a cheaper way.\u0000 In the first stage of this research, different experiments (such as core flooding) were carried out to study the performance of CO2-water EOR methods. Other parameters, such as gas solubility in oil and brine, oil swelling factor, oil viscosity reduction, gas diffusion coefficient, and gas utilization factor were measured and analyzed to investigate the mechanisms. At the next stage, gas/water injection in porous media was modeled. The model was in good agreement with experimental data. The confirmed model was used to analyze the main parameters of fluid flow in porous media, such as relative permeability. From the model, the optimized gas-based EOR method was selected to achieve the highest oil recovery.\u0000 In our study, oil recovery reached about 50% through water-flooding. Hence, a successful EOR approach is essential for a case with this amount of residual oil. Our experiments and models showed that simultaneous injection of water and gas with a water/gas ratio of 2.4:1 had the highest oil recovery factor (36%) in the studied sandstone formation, which makes the total recovery more than 85%. Compared to gas flooding, the gas/water injection schemes have a lower gas utilization factor, which reduces the operational cost in the fields.\u0000 Our comprehensive simulation studies, based on different experiments at core scale, provide an accurate and reliable approach to selecting the best gas injection scenario in the porous media. This methodology helps the industry to optimize the process from a technical and an economic point of view.","PeriodicalId":182237,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, October 23, 2019","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115691498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}