Marine pollution bulletin最新文献

{"title":"The reliability gap: Why high predictive accuracy doesn't guarantee stable feature importance.","authors":"Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine Pollution Bulletin increasingly applies machine learning and explainable AI to pollutant and shellfish poisoning risk, exemplified by PCA-based source apportionment and SHAP-based feature attribution. However, linear PCA may misrepresent structure in inherently nonlinear environmental data, and existing studies often treat model-derived feature importances as evidence of true associations without assessing consistency or dose-response relationships. This paper clarifies that supervised models possess two distinct accuracies: prediction and feature importance, and only prediction can be validated against ground truth. Using a Basque coastal dataset (8195 instances, 14 features) with chlorophyll-a as a proxy for paralytic shellfish poisoning risk, we introduce a leave-top1-out procedure to test ranking stability. Random Forest and XGBoost with and without SHAP show pronounced instability, indicating biased, model-dependent importances. In contrast, unsupervised and non-target-prediction methods yield perfectly stable rankings while matching or exceeding supervised performance, supporting routine stability, consistency, dose-response, and linearity checks in environmental ML studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"226 ","pages":"119398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery timeframe is a critical component in preserving carbon stocks in disturbed tropical seagrass meadows","authors":"Taylor Renee Condron ,&nbsp;Timothy M. Smith ,&nbsp;Paul H. York ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Murray ,&nbsp;Pere Masque ,&nbsp;Michael A. Rasheed","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seagrass meadows, though covering a small percentage of the ocean floor, play a critical role in marine carbon sequestration. However, the mechanisms behind this role remain uncertain due to challenges in mapping seagrass extent and flux, accounting for spatial variation in carbon storage, and incorporating site-specific histories. This study investigates the effects of short-term (≤10 years) seagrass loss on sediment carbon stocks within a large seagrass meadow in the Great Barrier Reef region. Using remote sensing data to construct a seagrass recovery timeline, combined with field sampling and assessments of ecological factors, we found higher sediment organic carbon in areas where seagrass coverage was retained throughout the study period. Carbon stock and sediment accumulation varied with Recovery stage and were influenced by ecological factors and the length of seagrass absence. Minimal differences in sedimentary carbon stocks were observed between retained areas and those recovering within 3–8 years, suggesting limited disturbance impacts on carbon storage when recovery occurs within this timeframe. However, significant differences in carbon stocks were observed between persistent meadow areas and sites where no seagrass recovery had occurred for ≥10 years. The study meadow contained an estimated 39,779 Mg C (to 1 m), with spatial variation linked to seagrass loss and recovery history, as well as ecological and environmental factors. Our findings offer context to the permanence of seagrass Blue Carbon during meadow loss and suggest sedimentary carbon stocks can largely persist in similar systems experiencing cycles of seagrass loss and recovery that occur over 3-to-8-year timeframes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 119296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146043301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, air-seawater exchange, and ecological risk of pesticides in the southern Bohai Sea, China","authors":"Cunxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanqing Sun ,&nbsp;Xiang Yu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Luo ,&nbsp;Yuzhu Ding ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Yongchun Liu ,&nbsp;Qingkui Cui ,&nbsp;Lihua Ren ,&nbsp;Yingjiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides are extensively produced and used worldwide, leading to their dispersal into the environment. To enhance the understanding of the occurrence, migration, and transformation of pesticides, the present study collected inshore seawater, estuarine, and atmospheric samples in May 2024 along the southern Bohai Sea to measure the concentrations of 221 pesticide residues. As a result, 11, 17, and 15 pesticides were frequently detected in inshore seawater, estuaries, and the atmosphere. The abundance of pesticides in the seawater, estuaries, and atmosphere samples ranged from 1.0 to 9.4 ng/L,12.3 to 57.8 ng/L, and 1.6 to 6.8 ng/m³, respectively; representing medium pollution levels compared to global counterparts in similar environmental matrices. Spatially, the regional pollution levels of ∑₁₁Pesticides in seawater showed that LB was significantly greater than BB, YR and MW. Moreover, spatial trends analysis in estuary and seawater concentrations showed a substantial level reduction from the inshore towards the offshore. This indicates that riverine input is a significant source of pesticides in the marine environment. The fugacity ratios (FR) and fluxes of air-seawater exchange indicate that estuaries are a minor source of most pesticide emissions to the atmosphere. In the coastal seawater, ecological risks from the detected pesticides were generally low, with permethrin being the only exception that exceeded a level of potential concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 119332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source identification and apportionment of neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and organophosphates pesticides in Xijiang and Beijiang River basins, Great Bay of South China","authors":"Fanqi Jing ,&nbsp;Lulu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingru Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujun Tong ,&nbsp;Qiusen Huang ,&nbsp;Sijia Liu ,&nbsp;Xuan Yu ,&nbsp;Qianqian Yu ,&nbsp;Lingyun Yu ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Zhanlu Lv ,&nbsp;Ling-Chuan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the distribution and sources of three widely used pesticides with distinct properties in two rivers draining into the South China Sea. Water and sediment samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and ultrasonic extraction, respectively. Neonicotinoids (NEOs) were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS, whereas pyrethroids (PYRs) and organophosphates (OPs) were analyzed by GC–MS/MS, with acceptable matrix spike recoveries (67%–109%). Results showed that NEOs (50–571 ng/L) were most concentrated in river water while PYRs (8.35–34.3 ng/g) were most abundant in sediments. Prolonged rainfall diluted aqueous NEOs but remobilized hydrophobic PYRs and OPs from sediments to water through scouring effects. Source identification revealed agricultural activities as the primary source of NEOs, residential hygiene practices as the main source of PYRs, and wastewater treatment plants emissions as key contributor to OPs. This study provides a scientific basis for developing targeted multi-source control strategies to mitigate pesticide pollution in riverine and coastal ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 119300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146043307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for the Special Issue: Resilience and Sustainability of Coastal Communities.","authors":"Xiaolong Geng, Kai Xiao, Pan Zhong, Barbara Quimby, Firas Gerges","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"119558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological biomarkers in Scopoli's shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) from an Eastern Mediterranean colony and associations with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in their feathers","authors":"Catherine Tsangaris ,&nbsp;Danae Patsiou ,&nbsp;Eirini Trypidaki ,&nbsp;Stavros Xirouchakis ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos ,&nbsp;Georgios Karris","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecotoxicological biomarkers are valuable tools for assessing pollution effects in marine organisms. This study investigates a set of biomarkers in Scopoli's shearwater (<em>Calonectris diomedea</em>) from a colony in the Eastern Mediterranean (Strofades Islands, Ionian Sea) and examines their association with seabird size (body mass and morphometrics), sex, life stage (breeder vs prospector), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations in feathers. The biomarker set included the micronucleus (MN) test as a biomarker of genotoxicity, glutathione-S-transferases (GST) as a biomarker of xenobiotic biotransformation, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a biomarker of neurotoxicity. Our results indicate that biomarker values were not influenced by life stage, sex, or size within the sampled seabird range, supporting their suitability for contaminant assessment. Additionally, GST activity was associated with perfluoroalkane sulfonyl fluorides (PASFs) exposure, suggesting potential induction for PASFs biotransformation. Neither MN frequency nor AChE activity was influenced by PFASs concentrations in the feathers. To our knowledge, this is the first study on biomarkers of genotoxicity, biotransformation and neurotoxicity in Scopoli's shearwater. Our findings provide baseline MN frequencies, GST, and AChE activities in this species at the largest species colony in the Eastern Mediterranean and highlight the need for further research across different colonies to assess geographic variations in contaminant exposure and biomarker responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 119328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation of trace metals in the invasive bivalve Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) from estuarine and backwater ecosystems of South India","authors":"Shirin Shihab ,&nbsp;P.R. Divya ,&nbsp;S. Kumaresan ,&nbsp;T.T. Ajith Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indian backwaters are the most favourable habitats for a diverse group of molluscan species, particularly bivalves and gastropods. With the increasing demand of bivalves for food, there would always be a concern on its safety and hence, it necessitates the regular assessment of the contaminants for human consumption. Considering this fact, the present study is intended to assess the level of heavy metal accumulation in the exotic bivalve <em>Mytella strigata</em>, which is found in three backwater regions of South India, as a baseline study of the first of its kind. As filter feeders, mussels are vulnerable to aquatic pollution and are known to accumulate pronounced concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues. This study evaluated the spatial distributions of heavy metals Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, As, Pb, Hg, and Cd in the tissue samples of <em>Mytella strigata</em>. Samples were analysed using standard protocols and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Metal Pollution Index (MPI) was calculated for the samples collected from Ashtamudi, Vembanad, and Vellar estuarine regions; the results were 3.80, 6.08, and 5.38, respectively. The Pollution Load Index and Contamination Factor of the study areas indicated an alarmingly high level of contamination. In comparison, the results obtained in this study with the results of previous reports of the other bivalve species (<em>Perna viridis</em>) from the studied locations, it was noticed that this exotic species exhibited high level of contamination. Therefore, a comprehensive monitoring approach is needed for this particular species to ensure its safety for consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 119314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azadirachtin-induced oxidative stress in early life stages of the endangered horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus: Implications for coastal conservation","authors":"Boyu Chen ,&nbsp;Runhua Wu ,&nbsp;Peng Zhu ,&nbsp;Jinxia Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Yan ,&nbsp;Zihang Ma ,&nbsp;Fanxi Gao ,&nbsp;Zizhuo Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Shimiao Li ,&nbsp;Jiuman Jia ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongyan Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The horseshoe crab <em>Tachypleus tridentatus</em>, listed as “Endangered” by the IUCN, is a keystone species in Asian coastal ecosystems and is critical for biomedical applications. This species currently faces multiple threats, including an emerging but overlooked hazard: botanical pesticide contamination in nursery habitats. Azadirachtin, a novel biopesticide, can trigger increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species. However, regulation of gene expression under environmental stress and their synergistic relationship with developmental processes in <em>T. tridentatus</em> remain unclear. We investigated the conservation implications of azadirachtin exposure in the most vulnerable life stages critical for population recruitment. Using embryonic (Stages IV–V) and first-instar larvae, we documented dose- and time-dependent mortality with heightened sensitivity in later developmental stages—periods crucial for successful recruitment. Azadirachtin induced oxidative stress through disruption of antioxidant defense systems, with rapid SOD activation (peaking at 12 h), elevated MDA levels indicating cellular damage, and biphasic T-AOC responses. Molecular analysis results revealed stage-specific expression patterns of key stress-responsive genes, including antioxidant enzymes (<em>Mn-SOD</em>, <em>CAT</em>), a Phase II detoxification enzyme (<em>GST</em>), and a neurotoxicity biomarker (<em>AchE</em>), suggesting limited adaptive capacity in early life stages. These findings challenge the assumption that plant-derived pesticides are environmentally benign and reveal a significant threat to horseshoe crab conservation. High sensitivity during embryonic development, when animals are confined to beach sediments, is particularly concerning given the overlap between agricultural runoff zones and spawning habitats. We recommend establishing pesticide-free buffer zones (minimum 500 m) around known spawning sites, implementing azadirachtin monitoring in horseshoe crab protection areas, and revising coastal pesticide regulations to account for endangered species vulnerability. Our results underscore the need to integrate emerging contaminant assessments into conservation strategies for this ecologically irreplaceable species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 119339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salinity effects on dietary assimilation of eight trace elements and their distributions among body components in euryhaline diamond sturgeon","authors":"Ross A. Jeffree ,&nbsp;Scott J. Markich ,&nbsp;Francois Oberhaensli ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Teyssie","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experimental study on the euryhaline sturgeon <em>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</em>, endemic to the Caspian Sea, assessed the effect of salinity on the dietary assimilation efficiency (AE) and internal distributions of eight radio-elements (⁵⁴Mn, ⁶⁵Zn, ⁷⁵Se, ^110mAg, ¹⁰⁹Cd, ¹³⁴Cs and ²⁴¹Am). For a Caspian Sea salinity range, their AEs varied over more than an order of magnitude in freshwater (FW; 0.42 psu) and by four orders of magnitude in brackish water (BW; 9.0 psu). Salinity reduced the whole-body AE of ²⁴¹Am by more than 3 orders of magnitude and ^110mAg six-fold, but the other radio-elements showed only minor effects of salinity on their assimilation. These results reflected modelled changes in their bioavailability in the gastric lumen due to enhanced salinity. Gastro-intestinal tract activity concentrations of ²⁴¹Am, ⁵⁴Mn, ^110mAg and ¹³⁴Cs were inhibited by salinity by 1–2 orders of magnitude, but had minimal effect on ⁶⁰Co, ⁶⁵Zn, ¹⁰⁹Cd or ⁷⁵Se activity concentrations. For other body components salinity had least effect on activity concentrations in liver and kidney, reduced ⁵⁴Mn, ^110mAg and ²⁴¹Am transferred to head and muscle by factors of 38–146, and ²⁴¹Am in skin was inhibited by two orders of magnitude. Salinity had greater inhibitive effects by two orders of magnitude via dietary exposure, compared to uptake from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 119284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146043303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoplankton community responses to natural and anthropogenic nutrient inputs in the Western Pacific Ocean: Insight from chemical taxonomy analysis","authors":"Zishi Liu ,&nbsp;Wenzhuo Yan ,&nbsp;Yujian Wen ,&nbsp;Changling Ding ,&nbsp;Jun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Western Pacific Ocean (WPO), a vast oligotrophic system, plays a critical role in global carbon cycling, with its biogeochemical processes heavily influenced by complex hydrodynamics. This study investigated the controlling factors of phytoplankton distribution, biomass, and community composition across nine distinct water masses using HPLC-CHEMTAX (chemical taxonomy) analysis of diagnostic pigments. <em>Prochlorophytes</em> were the dominant phytoplankton community, comprising over 50% of the total biomass in most water masses, followed by <em>Chlorophytes</em>, <em>Haptophytes</em>, <em>Cryptophytes</em>, and <em>Chrysophytes</em>. Nutrient availability, primarily nitrate (NO₃-N) and phosphate (PO₄-P), emerged as the principal controlling factors of phytoplankton community structure. Divergence and episodic divergence event facilitated nutrient upwelling, enhancing phytoplankton biomass. River runoff inputs near the New Guinea Island elevated nitrate concentrations, promoting the aggregation of phytoplankton among the coastal zone. The prevalence of picophytoplankton under oligotrophic conditions underscored a community structure with implications for carbon export efficiency. These findings elucidate mechanistic links between physical forcings, nutrient dynamics, and phytoplankton ecology, providing a process-oriented understanding of natural and anthropogenic nutrient inputs and carbon cycling in the WPO with broader relevance to oligotrophic marine systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 119317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}