Marine pollution bulletin最新文献

{"title":"First evidence of microplastics in the stygobiotic isopod Creaseriella anops from a karst cenote of the Yucatán peninsula.","authors":"Marisol Maafs-Sánchez, Efraín M Chávez-Solís, Carlos Rosas-Vázquez, Mariana V Capparelli","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula are unique subterranean ecosystems that host stigobiontic fauna, yet contamination of groundwater organisms remains poorly understood. Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants widely documented in aquatic environments, but data on their occurrence in groundwater fauna are scarce. This study provides baseline information on the presence and characteristics of MPs in the stigobiontic isopod Creaseriella anops (Isopoda: Cirolanidae), collected via scuba diving at a depth of 30 m in the Xelactún cenote (Kinchil, Yucatán, México). Organisms were chemically digested, and the residues were vacuum-filtered and analyzed under a stereomicroscope. Suspected MPs were quantified and categorized by shape and color, and polymer composition was determined using μFTIR spectroscopy. Only fibers were detected, with a mean abundance of 12.29 ± 3.65 MPs g^-1 w.w., predominantly transparent (75.64%). Identified polymers included polyester (20%), polyethylene (7%), rayon (7%), and polypropylene (2%). Given the ecological fragility, high endemism, and importance of cenotes as a regional water source, the relatively high MP concentrations observed highlight the need for further research using C. anops as a model species to assess groundwater contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"232 ","pages":"120116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148437298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From species-specific behaviour to ecosystem risk: Upscaling our understanding of microplastic impacts on marine soft sediment ecosystem functions.","authors":"Yuxi You, Stefano Schenone, Samantha Ladewig, Alice Della Penna, Simon F Thrush","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence of microplastic-ecosystem impacts is growing; however, our capacity to evaluate associated risks to Earth system processes remains limited. Upscaling impacts and risk assessment in the natural environment usually require a careful balance of accuracy and precision accounting for heterogeneity in ecosystem processes. Intermediate steps between controlled experiments and broad-scale prediction are necessary to fully appreciate the magnitude and implications of plasticising the planet. We explored the potential to change critical ecosystem feedback processes and how these effects can propagate across heterogeneous habitats on intertidal flats. Microplastics (>0.0002 g cm^-2) shrank the bioturbation hotspots by 65% at maximum, affecting the landscape of M. stewartensis in regulating the remineralisation across the surveyed sandflat. Behavioural changes in key species can cascade through their functional roles in regulating food resources, thereby amplifying the impacts of microplastics on habitat degradation. This conceptual framework provides a basis for integrating ecosystem feedback into microplastic risk evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"232 ","pages":"120137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148447742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline mercury concentrations and dietary risk assessment in blue shark (Prionace glauca) from Ilo, southern Peru.","authors":"Jose A Valeriano-Zapana, Nuria V Nina-Huarahuara, Paulino F Ríos-Zapana, Leonel A Paccosonco-Sucapuca, Yudith M Cari-Cari, Daniel Álvarez-Tolentino, Juana J Meléndez-Mier, Brian J Oblitas-Gallardo","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Total mercury (THg) was quantified in dorsal muscle from 12 blue sharks (Prionace glauca; six males and six females; 167-230 cm total length) landed at the artisanal fishing port of Ilo, southern Peru, in October 2021. THg was determined by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry at an ISO/IEC 17025-accredited laboratory. Concentrations ranged from 0.021 to 0.330 mg kg^-1 wet weight, with a mean of 0.156 ± 0.102 mg kg^-1. All samples were below the applicable regulatory limits for shark and represented 1.3-20.6% of the Codex Alimentarius maximum level for methylmercury (1.6 mg kg^-1), for which THg may be used as a screening measure. THg increased significantly with total length (Pearson r = 0.768, p = 0.003). Females had higher mean concentrations than males, although the difference was not statistically significant and should be considered preliminary. Dietary exposure was evaluated using fresh-products (40 g day^-1) and total-products (70 g day^-1) screening scenarios derived from Peruvian apparent-consumption statistics. Under the fresh-products scenario, Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values were 0.98 for general adults and 2.09 for children aged approximately 9-10 years; under the total-products scenario, they increased to 1.71 and 3.65, respectively. Estimated weekly intake remained below the methylmercury Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) for adults but reached 159.7% for children under the total-products scenario. These findings provide an independent preliminary local reference dataset for P. glauca landed at Ilo. Although measured THg concentrations were low, the conservative exposure scenarios indicated potential concern for children, highlighting the need for larger monitoring datasets, methylmercury speciation, and local shark-consumption surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"232 ","pages":"120113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148447793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maritime pollution disasters: A comparative review of socioeconomic and environmental consequences and the role of blue finance in coastal resilience and recovery.","authors":"Erandi Gayesha, Gayithri Niluka Kuruppu, Nimila Dushyantha, Sandun M Dassanayake","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maritime pollution disasters constitute complex crises that inflict profound ecological degradation and socioeconomic disruption across coastal systems. This review synthesizes global evidence on the typology and characteristics of such disasters including, oil spills, hazardous cargo losses, chemical discharges, and plastic pellet releases and documents their cascading consequences for ecosystems, fisheries, tourism, property, and public health. Historical case studies demonstrate how conventional response mechanisms, rooted in fragmented regulations and compensation gaps, remain insufficient for addressing long-term vulnerabilities. Against this backdrop, the study highlights blue finance as a transformative approach for addressing recovery-finance gaps and strengthening coastal resilience. These deficits arise because traditional compensation and disaster-response systems are insufficient to cover the full environmental restoration costs, long-term livelihood losses, ecosystem monitoring requirements, and delayed recovery needs associated with major maritime pollution disasters, particularly in developing coastal economies. Financial instruments such as blue bonds, catastrophe insurance, payment for ecosystem services, and resilience funds are therefore evaluated for their potential to mobilize capital, improve adaptive capacity, and support long-term environmental and socioeconomic recovery. The paper advances an integrated framework to align financial innovation with disaster preparedness, equitable recovery, and sustainable coastal restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"234 Pt 1","pages":"120509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149298459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyroplastics: A new potential threat to coastal environments in the Anthropocene.","authors":"Naing Aung Khant, Arkar San, Jinah Moon, Heejung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyroplastics are thermally altered plastic debris formed through processes such as melting, deformation, charring, or partial combustion, commonly associated with fires in coastal environments. In recent years, pyroplastic have been found on a global scale, both in marine sandy and pebble shore regions. In this article, we examine the global occurrence and distinctive characteristics of pyroplastics, together with their potential environmental fate and associated impacts. The quantity of pyroplastics that are discovered on coastal beaches (n = 11, 69%) is almost twice as high as the amount found on island beaches (n = 5, 31). Pyroplastic may fragment into secondary microplastic and contain potentially hazardous metals. The polymer types most frequently found in pyroplastic are polypropylene (n = 10, 26%), and polyethylene (n = 9, 23%). The heavy metals which are mostly occurred together within the pyroplastic are lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). Most widely used spectrometer for the pyroplastic polymer analysis is Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) (n = 14, 78%). This review also highlights a governance gap, as current plastic pollution frameworks and beach monitoring systems rarely recognize pyroplastics and related plastic rock types as distinct categories requiring targeted waste management, monitoring, and policy responses. This study comprehensively presents the pyroplastic geological and environmental research implications with quantitative analysis of substantial published data, offering fundamental insights for future research planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"234 Pt 1","pages":"120502"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149298536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics contamination in cultured and wild molluscan seafood from the bay of Bengal coast: Ecosystem threats and consumer exposure risks.","authors":"Md Rakibul Hasan, Abu Bakar Siddik, Khadijatul Kubra Riya, Naimur Rahman Nahian, Mohammad Abdul Baten Bhuyain, Bilal Ahamad Paray, Takaomi Arai, M Belal Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic contamination and associated polymer toxicity in mollusks are emerging concerns for ecosystem health and seafood safety in coastal environments. This study compares microplastic abundance, polymer composition, and exposure risks in wild and cultured populations of Crassostrea madrasensis, Perna viridis, and Telescopium telescopium from coastal Bangladesh. Microplastics were detected in all species, with mean abundances ranging from 0.68 ± 0.22 to 1.12 ± 0.10 items g^-1. Fibres dominated, accounting for 77 to 94% of particles, with most measuring less than 500 μm. Transparent and violet particles were most common, indicating sources from textiles, ropes, and aquaculture materials. Polymer composition was determined using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) with PE, PET, PS, EVA, Nylon, and PVA identified among the detected polymers. Polymer hazard index values were similar across groups (PHI 15.7-18.7, level II), whereas MPERI was higher in cultured than wild Crassostrea madrasensis (18.6 vs 16.1) but lower in cultured than wild Perna viridis (7.1 vs 17.7). Estimated human intake through mollusk consumption ranged from 0.28 to 0.47 items kg^-1 day^-1, corresponding to 6.2 × 10³ to 1.0 × 10⁴ items per person per year. The dominance of fine fibres and the presence of higher hazard polymers indicate potential chronic ecological stress and food safety concerns. These findings emphasize the need for improved aquaculture practices and targeted monitoring in coastal Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"234 Pt 1","pages":"120507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149287617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-three years of monitoring reveal increased stability of zooplankton communities near subtropical nuclear power plants.","authors":"Pengli Xiong, Junce Liang, Kaizhi Li, Chaolun Li, Yehui Tan, Jiaxing Liu, Yuan Liu, Yu Zhong, Gang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermal effluents from nuclear power plants are a recognized anthropogenic disturbance that alters the surrounding physicochemical environment, but their long-term effects on zooplankton communities remain poorly understood. Using 23 years (2001-2023) of summer and winter monitoring data from Daya Bay, a typical subtropical bay in the northern South China Sea, we compared the community structure and temporal stability of zooplankton between the nuclear power plant-impacted zone (NPP) and its adjacent control area (ACA). In the NPP, zooplankton abundance and species richness shifted synchronously during summer, with a significant breakpoint detected. Zooplankton structure changed significantly after the breakpoints in both the NPP and ACA, while differences between areas remained insignificant, indicating that community dynamics were dominated by temporal changes at the regional scale. The temporal stability of zooplankton communities in the NPP increased significantly over the study period (p < 0.05) and showed marked seasonal variability, with stability higher in winter than in summer. The five most dominant species accounted for more than 90% of temporal instability in both areas, suggesting that dominant species played a major role in shaping community stability. These findings enhance our understanding of how thermal discharge interacts with local environments to drive planktonic stability, and highlight the importance of long-term monitoring, reference-area comparisons, and stability metrics in environmental assessments and management strategies for coastal energy facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"234 Pt 1","pages":"120498"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149287598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AIS-based noise models underestimate vessel noise exposure risk to marine mammals.","authors":"Laia Rojano-Doñate, Peter T Madsen, Dominik A Nachtsheim, Jakob Tougaard, Jonas Teilmann","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vessels are the dominant source of anthropogenic underwater noise, with well-documented effects on marine mammal behaviour and physiology that may ultimately compromise individual fitness. The Automatic Identification System (AIS) provides standardized, global, high-resolution positional information for most commercial and passenger vessels, making AIS-based noise models widely used to assess exposure risk. However, their accuracy remains largely unvalidated. To evaluate their reliability, we deployed animal-borne GPS and biologging tags on 13 wild harbour porpoises, spanning shallow nearshore habitats and major shipping lanes. Over 60% of the tag-detected vessel noise exposures could not be attributed to AIS-tracked vessels within 4 km of the tagged animals, demonstrating that AIS-based impact assessments may severely underestimate true exposure rates in both small-vessel-dominated coastal areas and offshore waters. We further show that certain vessel types, such as pilot boats, contribute disproportionately to exposure rates relative to their abundance, indicating that vessel noise exposure is driven not only by traffic volume but also by vessel-type-specific operating patterns. Additionally, porpoises maintained greater distances from fast-moving, loud vessels, resulting in received noise levels comparable to those from slower vessels and suggesting vessel-type-specific avoidance responses. These findings reveal critical limitations in AIS-based approaches and underscore the need for integrated monitoring frameworks that combine AIS data with complementary tracking methods capable of capturing the full spectrum of vessel activity while accounting for vessel-type-specific risks. Improving exposure assessments is essential for protecting marine biodiversity in increasingly trafficked habitats and for accurate monitoring under the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"234 Pt 1","pages":"120469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149287641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem restructuring of subtidal oyster reefs responding to a dredged material disposal disturbance revealed by ecological network analysis.","authors":"Xu Wang, Chenggang Lin, Xinyuan Yang, Jie Feng, Yunling Zhang, Libin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how coastal ecosystems reorganize after abrupt anthropogenic disturbances is fundamental for predicting ecosystem resilience and informing adaptive management strategies. Here, we examined the temporal reorganization of an oyster reef ecosystem responding to an unexpected dredged material dumping event using a before-after assessment framework. Four annual Ecopath models (2017-2020) were constructed to characterize temporal variations in ecosystem structure, energy pathways, trophic organization, and functional resilience. Ecosystem-level indicators displayed strong temporal fluctuations (p < 0.001), with total system throughput and total biomass decreasing in the order of 2017 > 2020 > 2019 > 2018. Following extensive mortality of oysters and macroalgae, the ecosystem experienced substantial functional reorganization in 2018, characterized by reduced ascendency/development capacity ratio and connectance index, together with increased system omnivory and total primary production/total respiration ratio (p < 0.001). These shifts suggested enhanced trophic flexibility accompanied by reduced ecosystem maturity. Following the disturbance, Finn's cycling index, Finn's mean path length, and the detritivory/herbivory ratio increased and reached their maximum values in 2019, indicating enhanced detritus-based energy pathway. Keystone functional groups gradually shifted from fish-dominated regulation toward invertebrate-mediated control, while oysters consistently remained among the dominant functional groups. Redundancy/ascendency index analysis revealed that top predators played important roles in maintaining ecosystem stability under disturbance, whereas zooplankton functioned as key mediators of trophic connectivity. Collectively, these results demonstrated that ecosystem stability depends on higher functional diversity, trophic connectivity, and ecological redundancy. Maintaining ecosystem engineers and preserving diverse energy pathways may therefore represent essential strategies for sustaining ecosystem resilience and long-term ecological stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"234 Pt 1","pages":"120496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149287647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic expression of oestrogenic response genes in wild male gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus): A biomarker approach for endocrine disruption in the coast of Campeche, Mexico.","authors":"Merle Marisa Borges-Ramírez, Jaime Rendón von Osten, Maurilio Lara-Flores","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a potential threat to marine wildlife, altering physiological and gene expression pathways. In this short communication, we evaluated the hepatic transcript abundance of vitellogenin isoforms (vtg1 and vtg2) and estrogen receptors (esr1 and esr2) in wild male (n=12) and female (n=3) gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) acquired from artisanal commercial landings along the coast of Campeche, Mexico (Southern Gulf of Mexico). Four out of twelve males (33.3%) exhibited a marked upregulation of vtg1 and esr1 mRNA, reaching levels comparable to the female reference baseline. In contrast, vtg2 and esr2 transcripts remained low or near detection thresholds across all males. Methodological constraints include the absence of direct analytical chemical measurements, the small size of the female reference group (n=3), and the lack of morphometric and histological data. Furthermore, gene expression induction alone does not prove functional endocrine disruption or reproductive impairment. Rather, these results provide localized molecular evidence consistent with xenoestrogenic exposure in male gray snapper from the Southern Gulf of Mexico, supporting the application of vtg1 and esr1 as sensitive screening targets for coastal monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"234 Pt 1","pages":"120520"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149287610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}