Marine pollution bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of nitrate sources in Jiaozhou Bay and its terrestrial inflows using nitrate stable isotope techniques","authors":"Hao Feng ,&nbsp;Wentao Wang ,&nbsp;Mingyan Yan ,&nbsp;Xiuxian Song ,&nbsp;Zhiming Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive inputs of nitrate from land-based sources can lead to coastal eutrophication, and accurate identification of nitrate sources is an important prerequisite for the effective control of eutrophication. In this study, we selected Jiaozhou Bay, a typical eutrophic bay, as the case study area. Using nitrate concentration, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope data, along with analytical techniques such as the Bayesian-based SIAR model and the LOICZ approach, we systematically assessed the sources and budgets of land–sea nitrogen pollution under China's new policies for land-based total nitrogen prevention and control. The results revealed that sewage and faeces were the main sources of nitrate in the Dagu River and the Moshui River, accounting for 42.3 % and 62.0 % of contributions, respectively, with significant assimilation observed in the former. Land use type was a key factor influencing differences in source contribution ratios. Land-based nitrate inputs contributed 26.1 % to Jiaozhou Bay, while nitrification accounted for up to 69.0 % of nitrate production, with both terrestrial and marine environments contributing equally to this process. Nitrate removal in the bay was dominated by sedimentation and export to the Yellow Sea. These results highlight the critical role of nitrification in nitrate pollution within eutrophic bays and provide critical data to support the development of total nitrogen control strategies along the river–sea continuum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 118203"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological hydrodynamic modeling and factor analysis of hypoxia dissipation in the semi-enclosed Mikawa Bay, Japan, in August 2020","authors":"Yoshitaka Matsuzaki ,&nbsp;Masaya Kubota ,&nbsp;Tetsunori Inoue ,&nbsp;Hayato Mizuguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A hypoxic water mass in Mikawa Bay, a semi-enclosed coastal area in Japan, dissipated significantly on August 20, 2020. Observational data suggest that the dissipation resulted from the advection of oxygen-rich water masses from the bay mouth and/or the open sea. However, the precise mechanism driving the dissipation of hypoxia remains unclear. In this study, using an ecological hydrodynamic model, we aimed to simulate the short-term dissipation of hypoxic water masses in Mikawa Bay. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the interplay between density-, wind-driven, and tidal currents in the dissipation of hypoxic water masses and to identify the contributing factors. Although the modeled bottom-layer dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in the inner bay did not fully align with the observational data, the timing of increased DO levels was consistent between the observations and simulations, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78, root mean square error of 1.27 mg/L, and bias of −0.57 mg/L, indicating that the ecological hydrodynamic model effectively replicates the reduction of bottom-layer hypoxia in Mikawa Bay. Factor analysis revealed that density currents, driven by high salinity near the bay mouth, are the primary contributors to increased bottom-layer DO concentrations. Wind-induced and tidal currents influence DO distribution but are not primary drivers of elevated bottom-layer DO levels. Our findings highlight the importance of density currents in reducing hypoxic conditions, with significant implications for ecosystem dynamics and hypoxia management in coastal areas. These results could guide future studies and strategies to mitigate hypoxic events in similar environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 118190"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic contamination in bivalves from urban estuaries: Are they sentinels for differences in pollution levels?","authors":"G. Cesarini ,&nbsp;I. Donázar-Aramendía ,&nbsp;L. Gallitelli ,&nbsp;S. Secco ,&nbsp;M. Orsini ,&nbsp;S. De Santis ,&nbsp;M. Scalici ,&nbsp;A.J. Green ,&nbsp;C. Coccia","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bivalves are often used as sentinel organisms for assessing microplastic (MP) pollution in marine ecosystems. However, MP contamination in estuaries remains under-studied despite their high vulnerability to this type of pollution. This study aimed at evaluating MP contamination in <em>Scrobicularia plana</em> from two estuaries in SW Spain (Guadiana and Guadalquivir), subjected to different levels of human pressure (low vs. high, respectively). A total of 231 suspected MP items were detected, with an average abundance of 1.96 ± 1.22 items per individual in the Guadalquivir estuary and 3.09 ± 1.96 items per individual in the Guadiana estuary, but no significant differences were found between them. GLMM models showed a significant negative effect of bivalve weight on MP accumulation. Micro-FTIR analysis confirmed that 59.8 % of the particles were plastic, 26.8 % were anthropogenic non-plastics, and 13.4 % were organic materials. The majority of MPs found in both estuaries were dark fibers composed of PET. The PERMANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in polymeric composition between the two estuaries, with PET and cellulose being more prevalent in Guadiana compared to Guadalquivir. Our findings indicate that MP concentrations in the two estuaries are similar despite varying human pressures, suggesting that factors like hydrodynamics and seasonal dynamics could play a key role in MP transport and deposition beyond local pollution sources. This study highlights how the occurrence of MPs in bivalves is a matter of concern, particularly given their importance as a food source. Further research is needed to comprehensively assess the spatial and temporal dynamics of MP contamination in estuarine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 118227"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the potential physiological impacts of urban development around lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) nurseries: effects on neonate and juvenile health","authors":"Natascha Wosnick ,&nbsp;Tamara Dörfer ,&nbsp;Marco Turner ,&nbsp;Che Nicholls ,&nbsp;Madelyn Richardson ,&nbsp;Isabelle Génier ,&nbsp;Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization driven by population growth, development and tourism increasingly threatens even remote areas, potentially impacting biodiversity. This is particularly concerning given the ecological and economic importance of biodiversity, especially for island nations, where ecotourism plays a crucial role in the economy. This study examines urban-driven degradation effects on the nurseries of lemon sharks, a predator with strong site fidelity to its birthing and nursery areas. Six sites in South Eleuthera, The Bahamas, were assessed, analyzing proxies indicative of body condition (triglycerides/cholesterol ratio, body condition index) and energetic stress markers (glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, total cholesterol) in neonates and juveniles compared across nurseries relative to degradation scores. While TAG/CHOL and BCI were not significantly different between nurseries, energetic markers were overall higher in more degraded nurseries. Moreover, total urban score was a significant predictor for glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, and triglyceride ciruclating concentrations. These findings, coupled with prior studies carried out in Bimini, suggest that urban development around lemon shark nurseries in The Bahamas may negatively impact shark health. Cooperative monitoring, community initiatives for mangrove preservation, and stronger urbanization laws are required to mitigate these impacts. As urbanization and environmental degradation are universal threats to mangroves worldwide, this approach can be adapted to study urbanization impacts on other species in regions such as Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands, and the coasts of Africa and South America, which face similar urban encroachment, habitat degradation, and biodiversity loss challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 118233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of ecological quality in Portuguese transitional waters over the last five decades: a framework based on benthic foraminifera for the Sado estuary","authors":"J. Moreno ,&nbsp;F. Moreno ,&nbsp;F. Fatela ,&nbsp;E. Leorri ,&nbsp;M. Leira ,&nbsp;P. Masqué ,&nbsp;M.C. Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to examine the validity of benthic foraminifera-based indices – Foraminiferal Stress Index (FSI), diversity index Exp(H'_bc), and Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) – for evaluating estuarine environmental conditions and supporting palaeoecological reconstructions, focusing on the <em>Sado</em> estuary (southwest Portugal). Located near heavily industrialized urban areas and designated as a Nature Reserve, this estuary faces human pressures and high natural values, leading to management conflicts. Foraminiferal assemblages were analysed in surface sediment samples, with known concentrations of several metal(loid)s, and in dated core samples. Correlations were found between metal(loid)s, organic matter, grain size, and salinity (as a proxy for tidal influence) controls on foraminiferal distribution. Despite such hydrodynamic controls, statistical analyses also confirmed that metal(loid) concentrations and enrichment factors (as proxies for ecological quality) influenced foraminiferal distribution. A significant direct correlation was observed between lower ecological quality status (EcoQS), as reflected by FSI and Exp(H'_bc), and higher metal(loid) concentrations, particularly for Exp(H'_bc) and Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, and As, suggesting they can be used in preliminary surveys with varying accuracy. Reconstructions applying Exp(H'_bc) and EQR aligned with Portuguese economic cycles, showing that Palaeo-EcoQS tended to be “Good”/“High” during downturns and “Poor”/“Moderate” in recovery and peak periods. While this analysis has limitations, the cost-effective use of foraminiferal data can offer reliable early-stage environmental quality assessments, with the added benefit of supporting historical reconstructions from sedimentary archives. Overall, this work contributes to the ongoing efforts to validate benthic foraminifera as a biological quality element in assessing EcoQS in marine and transitional habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 118215"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photochemical treatment strategies for okadaic acid degradation: Effects of salinity, oxidants, and UV sources","authors":"Javier Moreno-Andrés ,&nbsp;Sandra Lage ,&nbsp;Ana Catarina Braga ,&nbsp;Pedro Reis Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the degradation and detoxification of okadaic acid (OA), a marine biotoxin, through UV-assisted photochemical processes using environmentally relevant OA concentrations. Experiments were conducted in distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (ASW), applying two UV sources: UV-LED (λ_max = 275 nm) and low-pressure mercury lamp (LP-Hg; λ = 254 nm), combined with hydrogen peroxide (HP), sodium peroxydisulfate (PDS), and potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Photolysis alone was ineffective, and kinetic rate constants (k_obs; min⁻¹) followed the trend UV/PMS &gt; UV/PDS &gt; UV/HP for both UV sources. While all treatments showed high OA removal (&gt;79 %) in DW, degradation was significantly reduced for HP (72.8 %–89.9 %) and PDS (67.8 %–76.6 %) in ASW. In contrast, UV/PMS efficacy improved in saline media, achieving rapid and effective degradation of OA, and reaching 99 % detoxification (PP2A activity) within 15 min. The main transformation product, norokadanone (<em>m/z</em> 757.453), formed via decarboxylation, showed significantly reduced toxicity compared to OA. These results confirm the suitability of sulfate radical-based processes (particularly UV/PMS) for OA mitigation in marine environments. In addition, this work highlights the critical role of water matrix composition in marine toxin treatment and supports the development of scalable, mercury-free strategies for effectively mitigating hazardous compounds in coastal environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 118183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential distribution projections of mangrove forests and invasive plants under climate change: case insights from mangrove management in Guangdong Province, China","authors":"Sai Zhang ,&nbsp;Huimin Huang ,&nbsp;Daomin Peng ,&nbsp;Yugui Zhu ,&nbsp;Di Dong ,&nbsp;Huamei Huang ,&nbsp;Jiansong Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove ecosystems are vital for maintaining biodiversity, purifying water, sequestering carbon, and mitigating climate change in coastal regions. The geographical distribution of mangrove forests has been severely affected by global warming; therefore, it must be predicted under future climate scenarios to provide a scientific basis for conservation and restoration. In this study, we employed the MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution of suitable mangrove areas in Guangdong Province under current conditions and two future climate scenarios (2030s and 2090s): SSP1–2.6 and SSP5–8.5. The potential distributions of introduced mangrove plants (<em>Laguncularia racemosa</em> and <em>Sonneratia apetala</em>) were assessed to evaluate their suitability for mangrove restoration. Furthermore, we investigated the invasive potential of <em>Spartina alterniflora</em>, a biologically invasive species in mangrove ecosystems, under different climate scenarios. Finally, a conservation gap analysis was conducted to identify priority areas for mangrove protection. We observed the following: i) main environmental factors affecting the distribution pattern of mangroves in Guangdong Province were temperature and water quality; ii) hotspots of mangrove distribution are mainly concentrated in the Beibu Gulf coastline, Leizhou Gulf coastline, Zhenhai Bay-Dongping Harbor-Beijin Bay coastline, Zhuhai Harbor-Guangzhou Bay-Humen-Mawan Bay, Shuangyue Bay, and Rongjiang River estuary; iii) optimal zone of mangroves was the largest under the SSP5–8.5 scenario, and the potential suitable zone and geometric center of mangroves gradually shifted to higher latitudes; iv) the protection and restoration of mangroves should be prioritized in the future in the zones of Anpu Harbor, Leizhou Bay, Zhenhai Bay, and Huangmaohai and coastline of Pearl River Estuary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 118131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants and benzotriazole UV stabilizers in the preen gland oil of Tristram's storm-petrel (Hydrobates tristrami)","authors":"Taiki Terajima ,&nbsp;Yutaka Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Yoko Teshima ,&nbsp;Hironobu Tajiri ,&nbsp;Kentaro Nagaoka ,&nbsp;Kaoruko Mizukawa ,&nbsp;Hideshige Takada","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Storm-petrels are among the seabird species with the highest frequencies of marine plastic ingestion, owing to their surface pick-up foraging behavior. However, there has been little assessment of plastic-related pollutants in these birds. Tristram's storm-petrels (<em>Hydrobates tristrami</em>), in particular, inhabit the North Pacific Central Gyre, one of the most polluted marine regions in the world. This study aims to measure concentrations of plastic-associated pollutants, i.e., benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVSs), and assess their contamination status in Tristram's storm-petrels by comparing them with persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE). PCBs, DDE, and BUVSs, one of plastic additives, were analyzed in preen gland oil collected from 13 individuals, including 2 fledglings. The results showed that PCBs and DDE were detected in all individuals at concentrations exceeding 1000 ng/g-lipid, which were higher than those observed in other seabirds in the North Pacific. This is probably owing to their higher trophic level. BUVSs were sporadically detected in four individuals, with concentrations exceeding 100 ng/g-lipid, levels similar to those reported in other seabirds by Yamashita et al. (2021). However, no correlation was found between the concentrations of BUVSs in preen gland oil and those of PCBs or DDE, suggesting that BUVSs were not derived from the birds' natural diet (prey). These findings indicate a high level of contamination in Tristram's storm-petrels and highlight the need for investigating pollutant exposure in storm-petrel species worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 118213"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic dispersion in Northeast Brazil beaches and plastic contaminant detection in Brazilian coast fishing nets","authors":"Greici Gubert ,&nbsp;Bruna de Ramos ,&nbsp;Ronei Cardoso de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Karolliny Barbosa de Araújo ,&nbsp;Arthur Martins Gabriel ,&nbsp;Kátia Alves Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Emilly de Souza Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Daniele dos Santos Aragão ,&nbsp;José Domingos dos Santos Silva ,&nbsp;Monica Ferreira da Costa ,&nbsp;Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo ,&nbsp;Wallace Duarte Fragoso ,&nbsp;Sherlan Guimarães Lemos ,&nbsp;Ernesto Chaves Pereira de Souza ,&nbsp;Priscila Gubert","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the dispersion of floating plastic from Recife-PE harbor using a particle tracking model and examines contaminants in fishing nets collected from Brazilian beaches. Simulations were conducted for both dry and rainy seasons. Fishing nets were collected from eight beaches for analysis. The plastic movement simulation showed particles dispersed 0.41 km southward during the dry season and 177.50 km northward during the rainy season. Most particles (90 %) beached within the first week, indicating localized litter distribution. The study identified 14 pesticide residues in the collected nets, along with heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, and iron, detected via Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The pesticide and metal data were used to calculate the toxicological priority index (ToxPi), showing the sample from Joaquina-SC had the highest toxicity, while the sample from Sancho-PE had the lowest. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed pollution patterns, with potential associations between pesticides and metals. These findings raise concerns about the contaminants' impact on marine organisms and human health, highlighting the importance of understanding plastic pollution dynamics and associated risks. Also, the outcomes emphasize the need to reevaluate environmental regulations to better protect ecosystems and species from harmful pollutants, including plastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 118221"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indices for hazardous litter items","authors":"Jon Barry,&nbsp;Thomas Bartos","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider appropriate indices for hazardous, sharp or toxic, litter items. It is demonstrated that a previously published hazardous items index for litter beach monitoring is dependent on the study area and so cannot be compared across different studies with different study areas. We suggest two alternative indices, based on the number of hazardous items per unit area and the percentage of total items that are hazardous. Both indices are independent of the study area. The first index has the advantage that its form is consistent with other litter indices, such as the Clean Coast Index. The second index is useful for comparing the relative frequency of hazardous items across beaches. We derive methods to calculate confidence intervals for our suggested indices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 118218"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}