Marine and Petroleum Geology最新文献

{"title":"Morphology and sulfur isotopes of pyrite in Chang73 shale: Indications for redox conditions and enrichment of organic matter and hydrocarbons","authors":"Bo Ma ,&nbsp;Liming Ji ,&nbsp;Qianshan Zhou ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuang Fu ,&nbsp;Yueye Xiao ,&nbsp;Hao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shale oil is abundant in lacustrine organic-rich source rocks within the Chang7₃ (Ch7₃) submember of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China. However, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the coexistence of pyrite with organic matter and hydrocarbons in the Ch7₃ submember. This study systematically investigates organic geochemistry, elemental geochemistry, pyrite sulfur isotopes (δ³⁴S_py), and size distributions of pyrite framboids to reconstruct bottom-water redox conditions and elucidate its influence on organic matter enrichment and the role of pyrite in organic matter and hydrocarbon enrichment. Pyrite-based parameters, including DOP_M proposed in this study (mineral-based degree of pyritization, ranging from 0.53 to 1.00 with an average of 0.84), size distributions of pyrite framboids (ranging from 1.10 μm to 31.54 μm with an average of 8.80 μm), and δ³⁴S_py (ranging from −0.5 ‰ to 6.1 ‰ with an average of 3.2 ‰), indicate that the bottom-water redox conditions during deposition of the Ch7₃ submember were primarily dysoxic–oxic, frequently accompanied by anoxic–euxinic. Good correlations between redox parameters (pyrite framboids’ size distributions, δ³⁴S_py, Fe_T/Al, DOP_M, and enrichment factors of U and Mo) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents suggest that anoxic bottom-water conditions were a significant, although not exclusive, controlling factor for organic matter enrichment in the Ch7₃ submember. Moreover, correlations between pyrite-related parameters (pyrite framboids' size distributions and δ³⁴S_py) and TOC, chloroform bitumen “A”, and Rock-Eval parameters, respectively, suggest that smaller diameter and narrow size distributions of pyrite framboids as well as low δ³⁴S_py values indicate organic matter and hydrocarbon enrichment and great oil potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18189,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronology and geochemical characteristics of sulphides from Tianzuo hydrothermal field (63°32ʹ E), South West Indian Ridge","authors":"Parijat Roy ,&nbsp;Koushick Sen ,&nbsp;L. Surya Prakash ,&nbsp;V. Yu Kuznetsov ,&nbsp;Fedor Maksimov ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;S.S. Sawant ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar Agarwal ,&nbsp;A. Srinivas Rao ,&nbsp;P. John Kurian","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tianzuo hydrothermal field (THF) in the eastern Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) is reported as an inactive ultramafic-hosted system and fragments of massive and altered sulphides were recovered from the hydrothermal field at (27°57′S, 63°32′ E). The sulphide formation happened in the THF in two phases, at both high-temperature and low to medium temperature environment. The mineral assemblages in massive sulphides suggest the contribution of high-temperature hydrothermal fluid in the ore formation process. The presence of covellite and Fe-oxy-hydroxides in the altered sulphides indicates a low to medium-temperature environment and subseafloor alteration of fluid by seawater mixing. Elevated ΣREE contents with no significant Eu anomaly in both massive and altered sulphides further supports the subseafloor hydrothermal fluid mixed with seawater. Elevated Pd and Rh concentrations, along with their positive correlation with Cu, suggest Pd and Rh fractionation during the seawater-hydrothermal fluid mixing. ²³⁰Th/U dating results of massive hydrothermal sulphide samples give the age of 24 kyr (±2.4) and 15.6 kyr (±0.8), and an incomplete sampling demonstrates a possible minimum age of the vent field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18189,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of Cenozoic fluid expulsion on the seafloor morphology of the Vulcan Sub-basin, northwest Australia: Implications of gas chimneys and linear diapirs for hydrocarbon exploration","authors":"Zijie Wang ,&nbsp;Xiwu Luan ,&nbsp;Thanuja D. Raveendrasinghe ,&nbsp;Long Jin ,&nbsp;Yingxue Wang ,&nbsp;Haozhe Ma ,&nbsp;Jieyuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Vulcan Sub-basin on Australia's Northwest Shelf represents a Cenozoic tectonically active basin shaped by the collision of the Australian Plate with the Banda Arc. This study investigates the influence of fluid expulsion on this basin floor morphology, emphasizing gas chimneys and linear diapirs, through integrated analysis of 3D seismic data, seismic attributes (variance, RMS, and Sweetness), and stratigraphy. Results delineate two distinct gas chimney types: isolated structures in stable caprock regions and clustered features in tectonically weak zones, such as the Swan Graben. Chimney dimensions range from metres to kilometres, with origins traced to Eocene overpressure regimes in Palaeocene-Eocene carbonate reservoirs and vertical migration facilitated by fault reactivation. Also, five evolutionary stages are identified: Palaeocene-Eocene hydrocarbon accumulation, Oligocene overpressure generation, late Oligocene chimney initiation, Oligocene-Miocene sedimentary hiatus, and limited Miocene-Quaternary reactivation. Also, the absence of seafloor pockmarks implies rapid carbonate burial or ductile fluid migration without breaching, contrasting global analogues. Linear diapirs, aligned NE-SW, reflect stress regimes from the Australian-Eurasian collision, with spatial distributions controlled by tectonic segmentation and depositional heterogeneity. The Puffin Formation, a critical regional seal, exhibits spatially variable integrity, directly impacting hydrocarbon leakage and preservation. Notably, linear diapirs within clay-rich layers atop gas chimneys display unique seafloor morphologies shaped by tectonically influenced fluid venting, underscoring subseafloor morphogenetic processes. Clustered chimneys intersect Cenozoic strata, challenging conventional exploration models focused on pre-Cenozoic reservoirs. Seismic attributes reveal residual hydrocarbon potential in Paleogene sandstones and carbonates, particularly within structural traps in the Cartier Trough and Londonderry High. This study highlights the dynamic interplay of tectonics, overpressure, and sedimentation in governing fluid expulsion, offering a framework to de-risk Cenozoic prospects. The findings advance understanding of submarine fluid venting's role in seafloor evolution and provide insights applicable to convergent margin basins globally, while establishing a foundation for future studies on tectonic-seal-fluid interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18189,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"δ13C signatures of a natural gas zone with high H2S content in a major unconventional petroleum accumulation, Montney Formation, western Canada","authors":"James M. Wood ,&nbsp;Victoria Biersteker","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report geochemical data from mud gas, produced gas and produced hydrocarbon liquid samples for three horizontal wells that produced hydrocarbons from the Montney unconventional petroleum accumulation in west-central Alberta. Mud gas data from the deepest well provide a rare opportunity to characterize the trends of C₁-C₃ δ¹³C values in a high-H₂S (∼13 %) zone at high-resolution increments (50–100 m) along ∼1,500 m of a horizontal well. The results suggest that H₂S in this zone was generated by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) close to the time of maximum burial (∼60–80 Ma) and ceased during subsequent uplift. Produced gas samples from the horizontal well in the high-H₂S zone have abnormally enriched ethane and propane δ¹³C values compared to those from other wells in the Montney unconventional play. This strong isotopic enrichment reflects oxidation of ethane and propane during TSR reactions and produces an anomalous, strongly convex-upward profile on a Chung plot. Mud gas samples from the horizontal well in the high-H₂S zone have δ¹³C values that increase laterally from south to north by 7.5 ‰ for ethane and 5.6 ‰ for propane, while the corresponding methane δ¹³C values are essentially invariant. This suggests that ethane and propane were the main hydrocarbon reactants oxidized during TSR reactions, and that methane was not significantly involved. Our findings are consistent with those of previous studies on TSR-influenced gas systems in western Canada and other basins showing there is limited variation in methane δ¹³C values with progressive TSR until ethane and propane are wholly consumed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18189,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural setting and multiphase volcanism in the Shaban Deep, Northern Red Sea","authors":"Moamen Ali ,&nbsp;Alessandro Decarlis ,&nbsp;Hemin Koyi ,&nbsp;Marco Ligi ,&nbsp;Andrea Ceriani ,&nbsp;William Bosworth","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shaban Deep (ShD) is one of several axial depressions discovered in the northern Red Sea, some considered sites of incipient seafloor spreading. Understanding the evolutionary history and salt tectonics of ShD is essential for constraining the rift-to-drift transition. This study integrates 2D seismic reflection profiles, gravity, magnetic, and bathymetric data to investigate the regional structural framework, salt tectonics, and volcanism in ShD. The seismic data clearly image the post-evaporite (Plio-Quaternary) strata, while reflections within the igneous basement are variable. Faults are at least partly inferred from progressively steepening reflectors, indicative of growth stratigraphy. Two main extensional fault systems, trending NW-SE and NE-SW, have been identified around an elongate NW-SE neo-volcanic axial ridge. The dominant NE-SW faults, perpendicular to the Red Sea rift axis, form several basement-controlled arcuate half-grabens. The structural framework varies across ShD. In the southeastern region, major NE-SW extensional faults dip to the NW and are interpreted as listric faults that experienced several reactivation phases between the Late Miocene and Quaternary. In contrast, the primary faults in the northwestern ShD likely developed after the deposition of Plio-Quaternary sediments and exhibit steeper dip angles. Despite the lack of strong evidence for the presence of salt diapirs near ShD, likely due to the formation of a volcanic caldera, significant seafloor bending and deformed evaporites on the easternmost area suggest salt movement, which likely began during the Late Miocene. Seismic interpretation, supported by previous geochemical studies, indicates that the axial volcanic ridge formed through multiphase volcanism, as evidenced by chemically heterogeneous basaltic lavas. This ridge is surrounded by a caldera measuring 5.7 × 8.5 km.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18189,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of CO2 storage potential of a saline aquifer in the Gandhar Field, Cambay Basin, India","authors":"Vikram Vishal ,&nbsp;David Lall ,&nbsp;Yashvardhan Verma ,&nbsp;Somali Roy ,&nbsp;Upendra Soni ,&nbsp;Bharath Shekar ,&nbsp;Gaurav Mishra ,&nbsp;Om Prakash Sinha ,&nbsp;Kaustav Nag ,&nbsp;T.N. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ storage is an important technology for climate change mitigation globally. While broad estimates of the storage potential of India have been reported, pore-space characterization at the reservoir scale is required for site selection. The current research is centered on India's potential pilot CCS project site, the Gandhar Field, located in India's Cambay Basin, with the primary objective of assessing its viability for CO₂ storage in a saline aquifer. Our methodology encompasses seismic inversion and in-depth analysis of well-log data to delineate the distribution of porosity within the reservoir, focusing on the GS-7 sand within the Hazad Member of the Ankleshwar Formation. Leveraging probabilistic neural networks, we extrapolate the porosity for the entire reservoir volume. The results reveal that specific areas within the GS-7 sand not only meet but exceed the recommended porosity criteria (&gt;20 %), well surpassing the globally accepted minimum standard (&gt;10 %). We then provide a system to rank different regions in the reservoir with respect to their prospectivity for CO₂ storage. Based on these results, we have characterized the GS-7 sand in the Hazad Member as a prospective reservoir zone for CO₂ storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18189,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient hyperpycnites in deep-lacustrine basins: a comparison between the Jiyang Rift Basin and the Ordos Cratonic Basin, China","authors":"Tian Yang ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Zhu ,&nbsp;Yingchang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognizing hyperpycnites from ancient rock records in lacustrine basins is critical for understanding the characteristics and formation mechanisms of sediment gravity flow deposits, as hyperpycnites in lacustrine basins may exhibit unique characteristics that differ from well-studied marine hyperpycnites, but these distinctions are not yet fully understood. A comparative study of hyperpycnites in rift (Jiyang Depression) and cratonic (Ordos Basin) lacustrine basins allows to discuss the characteristic features, evolution processes, and distribution patterns of ancient hyperpycnites in two contrasting tectonically-controlled lacustrine basins. Hyperpycnites are composed of clastic sediments, with grain sizes ranging from pebbles to mud. The presence of mixed mud clasts with different colours, the common occurrence of plant fragments with different shapes, and the sedimentary structures such as crude stratification, climbing ripples, and bioturbation serve as recognition criteria of hyperpycnites in lacustrine basins. In addition to inverse then normal grading intervals, hyperpycnites can also be characterized by partial Bouma sequences, hybrid event beds. Depending on the characteristics of the parent flow, the evolution processes of hyperpycnal flows can include cohesive debris flows, hyperconcentrated flows, concentrated flows, and quasi-steady sediment-laden turbulent flows with occasional hybrid gravity flows. Hyperpycnal flows in rift basins range from very highly-efficient systems on ramp margins (hanging-wall slopes) to poorly-efficient systems on border fault margins (footwall), while those in cratonic basins are dominated by very highly-efficient systems. Hyperpycnites in rift basins are characterised by various distribution patterns, including apron, fan-shaped, elongated, and stepped-stacking sandbodies. In contrast, in cratonic basins, distribution patterns are dominated by fan-shaped sandbodies. Along border fault margin of rift basins, hyperpycnites are dominated by coarse-grained debrites and hyperconcentrated flow deposits, while channels and levees are uncommon. In contrast, rift basins and cratonic basins characterized by a ramp margin are dominated by channel, levee, and lobe elements. Hyperpycnites in the early stage of basin filling are easily manifested as elongated sandbodies or stepped-stacking sandbodies from margin areas to basin plain, while fan-shaped sandbodies are more common in the late stage of basin filling in both rift and cratonic lacustrine basins. This research can serve as a reference for studying hyperpycnites in rift and cratonic lacustrine basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18189,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural evolution of anticlines over the Hendijan Paleo-High in the northwestern Persian Gulf: Insights into the influence of inherited basement faults","authors":"Somayeh Elyad ,&nbsp;Ali Yassaghi ,&nbsp;Mahdi Najafi","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The major prolific oil fields of the Persian Gulf, located within the foredeep basin of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, have developed over north–south-trending paleo-highs formed by the reactivation of inherited basement faults. One such structure in the northwestern Persian Gulf is the Hendijan Paleo-High, over which the Hendijan, Bahregansar, and Abuzar anticlines have evolved. In this study, we investigate the structural style and progressive evolution of these anticlines through seismic interpretation, chronostratigraphic analysis, structural cross-section construction, and sequential tectonostratigraphic restoration. Our findings reveal three phases of deformation and paleo-high development, each corresponding to major tectonic events along the northeastern margin of the Arabian Plate. The first phase, recorded by growth strata within the Triassic succession flanking the Hendijan Anticline, corresponds to the onset of Neo-Tethys rifting. The second phase, involving approximately 0.5 % shortening, marks the initial formation of the Hendijan Paleo-High. Growth strata, a basal unconformity, and thickness variations within the Late Cretaceous Sarvak Formation—synchronous with the obduction of Neo-Tethys ophiolites onto the passive margins of both the Zagros and Oman—provide evidence for this phase. The third phase, associated with less than 2.3 % shortening, produced growth stratification within the Aghajari Formation during the Arabian–Central Iranian continental collision, as the deformation front advanced into the northwestern Persian Gulf during the Pliocene. We propose that reactivation of the Hendijan–Bahregansar–Nowrouz basement fault during the Late Cretaceous initiated trishear folding in the overlying strata, driving uplift of the Hendijan High and facilitating vertical hydrocarbon migration from source to reservoir. This process likely contributed to the long-term preservation of petroleum accumulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18189,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preservation of compound delta in the rapidly subsiding Pliocene Orinoco Delta: Insights from quantitative fluvial, tidal and storm-wave signals","authors":"Yang Peng ,&nbsp;Ronald J. Steel ,&nbsp;Cornel Olariu ,&nbsp;Shunli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the documentation of compound clinoform morphology in modern deltas over the past two decades, there is still a scarce recognition of these in the stratigraphic record. Among the ancient cases that have been recognized, tide- and wave-dominated compound clinoforms have been documented. Here we present a fluvial- and wave-dominated compound clinoform delta in the Pliocene Orinoco Moruga Delta on Trinidad. The outcrops exhibit lateral variation with wave-dominated and mixed-influence deltaic clinothems preserved in the proximal (i.e., upstream) part (SSW) of the compound system and wave-dominated deltaic clinothems in the distal (i.e., downstream) part (NNE). The shoreline clinothems are 5–15 m thick, sandy coarsening-upward units, and they commonly comprise HCS/SCS and wave-rippled sandstones generated by storm wave processes in both upstream and downstream parts. In the upstream part where the deposition location was close to main sediment supply, the shoreline clinothems comprise an upper unit of fluvial-dominated mouth bar and channel deposits overlying a lower unit of mixed-influence mouth bars and wave-to tide-influenced channel deposits. The subaqueous clinothems are 30–50 m thick and are characterized by coarsening-upward units changing from thick, bioturbated siltstones and mudstones at lower levels, through interbedded siltstones/mudstones and thin hummocky/swaley cross-stratified (HCS/SCS) sets, to occasional amalgamated HCS/SCS beds. The subaqueous clinothems in these proximal and upstream parts are somewhat sandy and notably influenced by wave processes. In contrast, the distal parts of the subaqueous clinothems are muddy with repetitive, frequent thin beds of both HCS or wave-rippled beds and especially wave-enhanced sediment gravity flow deposits. The compound clinoform delta in the Moruga Formation thus exhibits a spectrum of fluvial, tidal, and storm-wave signals, along with diverse channel types. This variability provides a valuable opportunity to document the interactions among river, tidal, and storm-wave processes as well as delta building processes driven by the various types of channels within the compound clinoform delta.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18189,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic controls on the submarine Scoglio d’Affrica mud volcanoes (Northern Apennines hinterland)","authors":"Marco Bonini ,&nbsp;Chiara Del Ventisette ,&nbsp;Riccardo Lanari ,&nbsp;Matteo Lupi ,&nbsp;Daniele Maestrelli ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Nirta ,&nbsp;Samuele Papeschi ,&nbsp;Domenico Montanari","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Four submarine mud volcanoes were discovered in the northernmost Tyrrhenian Basin, Italy, following the eruption of one of them in 2017 near the Scoglio d’Affrica Islet. The eruption occurred a few months after a seismic sequence that hit central Italy (Mwmax 6.5–6.6). Although the peak dynamic stresses estimated at the eruption site are not high enough to confidently substantiate a cause-effect link, they possibly contributed to triggering a delayed response of the mud volcano. These mud volcanoes, along with several pockmarks, lie on top and at the margins of a morpho-structural high known as the Elba-Pianosa Ridge (EPR). The structural setting of the EPR plays an important role in the storage and subsequent upward migration of deep-sourced fluids. However, there is no consensus on the tectonic setting of this feature, and different models have been proposed. We have undertaken a structural-geological study integrating data from (1) wellbores drilled in proximity of the mud volcanoes, (2) the CROPM12A seismic reflection profile, which crosses the EPR near the mud volcanoes, and (3) structural data collected on the Island of Pianosa, an emerged portion of the EPR. The results support the hypothesis that the EPR corresponds to an antiformal stack structure bounded by high-angle normal faults at its margins. Wellbore data indicate the presence of significant overpressures associated with an increase in hydrocarbon gases in the core of the antiform, which suggest the existence of a deep-seated fluid reservoir. The pressurised fluids leak from the reservoir and move upwell capitalizing on a complex network of interconnected brittle planar features (i.e., thrust and normal faults, fractures), reaching both the culmination and the margins of the EPR. The lesson from this study is that mud volcanoes can also form in the innermost part of a thrust belt, where compressional stresses have long since faded. Inactive anticlines still have the capacity to collect and pressurise deep-sourced fluids, which can accumulate into the fold core and ultimately generate mud volcanoes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18189,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}