Malaysian applied biology最新文献

{"title":"Antibacterial Properties of Purified Sago Frond Sugar Against Food-Borne Associated Disease Bacteria","authors":"M. N. Ahmad, Nurazureen Matnin, D. S. A. Adeni, N. Suhaili, K. Bujang","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i2.2656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i2.2656","url":null,"abstract":"Sago palm is recognised as key to sustainable food security due to its advantages resilient against extreme conditions such as wildfire and flood associated with adaptability to climate change. Sago palm is also known to remain solid after being attacked by pests and infected by the disease. Unfortunately, for the last ten years, the Sago palm industry experiences a significant decrease in plantation area and productivity. The long maturation period is identified to be the major factor that is responsible towards the respected issue. Thus, alternative commodities from the growing sago palm must be explored to offer a better perspective on the sago industry. Sago frond (SF) was utilised into Sago Frond Sugar (SFS) via enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzyme containing cellobiose and glucose as main sugar at 9-10 g/L and 5-6 g/L concentration respectively. SFS was purified (PSFS) using Powdered Activated Charcoal (PAC) to remove the impurities. Antibacterial analysis shows that PSFS able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi at 23.5 mm, 22.5mm and 13.25 mm clearing zone respectively. However, the growth of Listeria monocytogenes seems unaffected by the presence of PSFS. Promoting the versatility of sago frond as raw material to synthesise high-value products such as SFS will extend the potential of the sago palm to be recognised as an important crop to ensure global food security and safety.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80086830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Processed Food Consumption About Body Mass Index (BMI) of Public University Students in Malaysia","authors":"Girijah Ganesrau, Asma' Ali, H. Mohamed, A. A. Zainuddin, H. Yusof, Sim Why Jean","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i2.2663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i2.2663","url":null,"abstract":"The Malaysian Nutrition Research Priorities for the 12th Plan (2021-2025) has identified a critical need for research on the consumption of ultra-processed foods among public university students in Malaysia. Despite this need, there is a lack of empirical research on the relationship between ultra-processed food intake and body mass index (BMI) in this population. To address this gap, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and BMI in public university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 250 respondents aged 18 years and above. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of three parts: a socio-demographic profile, anthropometric measurement, and a 24-hr dietary record. Food and beverage consumption was classified using the NOVA food categorization system (composed of Group 1: Unprocessed or minimally processed foods, Group 2: Processed culinary ingredients, Group 3: Processed foods, and Group 4: Ultra-processed foods), and energy intake was calculated using the Nutritionist Pro software and food guidance books. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. The results showed that the average daily caloric intake was 1821.74 ± 439.03 kcal, with 31% of the total intake being contributed by ultra-processed foods (Group 4). The average energy intake from Group 1 and 2 was 1225.95 ± 414.90 kcal, Group 3 was 33.52 ± 73.83 kcal and Group 4 was 562.27 ± 344.71 kcal. The average BMI was 23.10 (7.38) kg/m2, which falls within the normal category. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between ultra-processed food consumption and BMI (rs=0.16, n=250, p=0.014). This study provides valuable insights into ultra-processed food consumption patterns among Malaysian university students using the NOVA classification system and highlights the importance of reducing such consumption to prevent nutritionally related diseases among public university students in the country.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90367704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Biological Activity of Three Marine Sponges From Theonella and Haliclona Genera Collected From Bidong Island, Terengganu, Malaysia","authors":"Nur Amira Jamaludin, K. Bakar, J. Saidin","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i2.2559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i2.2559","url":null,"abstract":"Marine sponges are primitive sessile animals that are rich sources of biologically active compounds. This paper aimed to assess the in-vitro biological activity of marine sponges from Theonella and Haliclona genera collected from Bidong Island, Terengganu, Malaysia. Biological activities such as antibacterial (discs diffusion assay), antioxidant (DPPH free-radical scavenging assay), and cytotoxicity activity (against cancerous HeLa, MCF-7, HepG-2 cell lines and the normal cell line Vero) were evaluated using MTT cytotoxicity assay. The bioassays were done on methanol extracts at different concentrations. Results indicate that T. swinhoei, and T. cf cupola showed low antibacterial capabilities ranging from 0 to 50 mg/mL and exhibited medium antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 23.25 ± 1.57 and 18.52 ± 0.86 mg/mL, respectively. Cytotoxicity activities indicate that both species of T. swinhoei and T. cf cupola possesses toxic capabilities to inhibit the proliferation of all cancer cell lines used and demonstrated no significant toxicity for the normal cell line used in this study. Haliclona fascigera showed medium antibacterial activity against all Gram-positive bacteria and low activity against Gram-negative bacteria used. Haliclona fascigera exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 1.80 ± 0.08 mg/mL and outcomes of the cytotoxicity activity assay against all cancer cells showed IC50 below 30 µg/mL. Marine sponges evaluated in this study indicate promising bioactive compounds that can be an excellent candidate for drug discovery in prospecting novel antibiotics and anticancer. Despite showing low antibacterial and medium antioxidant activity, species from both Theonella can be further studied in other assays to explore other biological activities whilst marine sponge H. fascigera possesses excellent capabilities in antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities that can be further studied its chemical compositions for future research.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84253116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic and Water Extracts of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama Propolis Against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"R. M. Zohdi, Muhammad Amirul Adli, Hanis Fadzillah Mohsin, Shahida Muhamad Mokhtar, Anis Low Muhammad Low, Awang Junaidi, Dzu Hendra Ja Jahrudin","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i2.2657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i2.2657","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing interest in the therapeutic potential of propolis, limited attention has been paid to the chemical composition and biological activity of water extract propolis produced by Malaysian stingless bees. Thus, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial potential of ethanolic extract propolis (EEP) and water extract propolis (WEP) of the stingless bee species, Heterotrigona itama against ten pathogenic bacteria. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The antibacterial activity was determined using the disc-diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The GC-MS analysis of EEP exhibited four volatile compounds including hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, 2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-coumaranone, and diethyl bis(trimethylsilyl) ester silicic acid. However, only two compounds were identified in WEP, consisting of 2-(acetoxymethyl)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)biphenylene, and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane. EEP showed the highest antibacterial activity against all Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans) with values of the inhibition zones ranging from 7 to 10 mm. However, both extracts showed no antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, except WEP, which displayed an inhibition zone of 9.33 ± 1.53 mm against Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, EEP showed the lowest MIC and MBC values against M. luteus at 70 and 280 μg/mL, respectively. The results revealed the presence of several volatile compounds in the EEP of H. itama which could contribute to its antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87275190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regeneration of Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. from Seed Fragments – Evidence of Polyembryony?","authors":"F. Tsan","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2446","url":null,"abstract":"Intact Syzygium myrtifolium seed produces a single seedling although most species within the same genus are polyembryonic. Following the earlier work that found the potential of more than one plantlet development from the fractionated seeds of some monoembryonic Eugenia spp. belonging to the same family, the present work assessed the sprouting of S. myrtifolium seed fractions on moistened paper towel pads. This study was carried out in the enclosed plastic boxes at ambient temperature in the laboratory. The results obtained indicated that the different parts of the cotyledons could develop plantlets spontaneously following incision of a seed into separated fractions. Despite the reduced mass, the seed fragments revealed the potential of developing more than one plantlet in vivo from a seed. Injury or seed incision has been suggested to trigger the development of embryonic cell in the cotyledon leading to the formation of an entire plant in contrast to polarity committed by whole seed. For the fragmented seeds that did not regenerate full plants, more than 80% of them exhibited unsynchronized adventitious root development. In the re-growth evaluation, more than 70% of the seed fragments formed new adventitious roots on the new cotyledonary surfaces after the removal of plantlets and the attached cotyledons. This phenomenon suggests the spread of meristematic tissues within the cotyledons. Future work should look into the intrinsic signals and external cues that regulate the cellular differentiation and development in the seed fractions in revealing the polyembryony in S. myrtifolium.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91024912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Sensitive Raw Materials at A Milk Preparation Room of A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in the Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Hospital","authors":"Mahirah Mohamad, S. Ishak, Norrakiah Abdullah Sani","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2528","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system in infant milk preparation can prevent and reduce the risk of bacterial contamination in infant feedings. Therefore, it is very important to determine the sensitive raw materials (SRM) in a milk room of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to prevent contamination that can affect the safety of milk feeding. This study was conducted to identify the SRM at the milk preparation room of a NICU in the Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Hospital, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. SRM were identified via HACCP system decision tree by the Malaysian Standard (MS1480:2007).. The results showed that donor expressed breast milk (DEBM), expressed breast milk at home (EBMH), freshly expressed breast milk (FEBM) and powdered infant formula (PIF) were identified as SRM. Expressed breast milk (DEBM, EBMH, FEBM) were known as non-sterile milk which were able to transmit pathogenic microorganisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa derived from the mother or donor. PIF is also not sterile that are associated with Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella infections causing serious illnesses among premature and infants. Ready to feed milk (RTF) is classified as non-sensitive material as it is sterile, free from bacterial contamination and safe for high-risk infant’s feeding compare to PIF. Preventive measures were applied to control the significant hazards in all identified SRM to ensure the final product (milk) is safe for consumption.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84188614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mIR-99a-5p and mIR-148a-3p as Candidate Molecular Biomarkers for the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients","authors":"Muhammad-Redha Abdullah-Zawawi, Mira-Farzana Mohamad-Mokhtar, S. Syafruddin, Fateen Farhana Ibrahim, I. Mohamed Rose, R. Harun, N. A. Abdul Murad","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2608","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNA (miRNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker for improving the current state of an early lung cancer diagnosis. Multiple studies have reported that circulating miRNAs are usually combined in a single panel in determining the risk of lung cancer. In this study, we sought to identify the potential miRNAs as biomarkers for the survival of lung cancer patients. The microarray analysis was performed on the isolated miRNA samples of formalin-fixed lung cancer tissues from Malaysian populations. The correlation between miRNA expression and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patient survival was predicted using TGGA data, followed by extensive in silico analyses, including miRNA target gene identification, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, subnetwork (SN) detection, functional enrichment analysis, gene-disease associations, and survival analysis in advanced-stage LUAD. Overall, two promising miR-99a-5pand miR-148a-3p were upregulated in the patients with good survival. We found that 64 miR-99a-5p and 95 miR-148a-3ptarget genes were associated with poor prognosis and highly participated in cancer-associated processes, such as apoptosis, mRNA transport and cell-cell adhesion. The density score of 4.667, 3.333, and 3.000 in respective SN1, SN2, and SN3 showed the significant subnetworks of constructed PPI leading to the identification of 17 targets, of which ~79% of them involved in neoplastic diseases. Four high-confidence target genes (SUDS3, TOMM22, KPNA4, and HMGB1) were associated with worse overall survival in LUAD patients, implying their critical roles in LUAD pathogenesis. These findings shed additional light on the roles of miR-99a-5p and miR-148a-3p as potential biomarkers for LUAD survival.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89713515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification of β-1,3-Glucanase Genes in Hevea brasiliensis","authors":"Xingge Lui, Gincy P. Thottathil, Sudesh Kumar","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2463","url":null,"abstract":"β-1,3-glucanase is one of the pathogenesis-related proteins well-known for their antifungal properties which can be abundantly found in Hevea brasiliensis. Utilization of β-1,3-glucanase in the genetic improvement of H. brasiliensis is very important as the high susceptibility to various fungal infections has challenged the current natural rubber industry. A few nucleotide sequences for β-1,3-glucanase have been reported and their role in biotic stress management has been demonstrated. Being a multigene family, it is necessary to identify and characterize more isoforms of β-1,3-glucanase to select the most suitable isoform to be utilized in genetic improvement. In the current study, we conducted a genome-wide identification of β-1,3-glucanases in H. brasiliensis, their classification based on the functional domains and phylogenetic analysis, using different bioinformatics tools. All publicly available nucleotide sequences were collected and curated by eliminating sequences that lack glycoside hydrolase family 17 (GH 17) domain as well as the partial and closely identical sequences and obtained 14 full-length sequences. The sequences were categorized into 4 distinct classes (I-IV) based on their functional domains and C-terminal extension. Class III and IV which lack the carbohydrate-binding C-terminal X8 domain are the largest classes identified with 5 β-1,3-glucanase each while 4 β-1,3-glucanase contain a variable C-terminal X8 domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed the clustering of β-1,3-glucanases into six major clades (I-VI) based on the domains. Clades I and II were identified as the largest clades with 4 β-1,3-glucanase in each. Several paralogous clusters have been observed for H. brasiliensis indicating the gene family expansion within the species or in the immediate ancestors with possible species-specific function. Further functional characterization is necessary to select the suitable gene to be utilized in genetic improvement and the present study provides a platform for it.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84992061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ficus deltoidea var. kunstleri Extract Administration in Hypercholesterolaemic, Atherosclerotic Rabbits: Effects on Organ Function, Morphology, and Atherosclerosis Development","authors":"Amirah Mohd Ariff, E. Omar, S. Muid, N. A. Mohd Kasim, N. H. Ismail, H. Nawawi","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2535","url":null,"abstract":"Ficus deltoidea (FD) is used in traditional Malay medicine to treat various ailments and has been shown to be safe in toxicity studies. However, the information on the safety and efficacy of FD in the atherosclerosis-induced animal model is limited. This study aims to investigate the safety of FD var. kunstleri (FDK) extract on high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced atherosclerotic rabbits and its efficacy in treating atherosclerosis. New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: G1 (1% HCD for 4 weeks) and G2 (1% HCD for 8 weeks). Each group was randomised into FDK700 (700 mg FDK/kg/day for G1 and G2), FDK800 (800 mg FDK/kg/day for G2), simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) and placebo. The body weight, blood pressure, serum biochemistry and histopathological examination were obtained to assess any toxicity signs. Fasting lipid profile, soluble c-reactive protein (sCRP) level and atherosclerotic plaque formation were compared between treated and placebo groups to evaluate treatment efficacy. Results: No significant differences were observed in all safety parameters between the treated and placebo groups (p<0.05). FDK treatment did not show significant differences in all parameters evaluated in both treatment arms. In conclusion, FDK extract up to 800 mg/kg is safe for use in atherosclerotic rabbits. It has neutral effects on lipid profile, inflammation and atherosclerosis formation.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89622606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Heating Effects on The Total Microbial Activity and Physico-Chemical Properties of Stingless Bee (Heterotrigona itama) Honey","authors":"Lee Chuen, Ng, Shamsul Bahri, Abd Razak, Say Peng Tan, Tufail Ahmad","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i1.2442","url":null,"abstract":"The high moisture content of stingless bee honey (SBH) is a worrisome problem and heat treatment is used to reduce the moisture and maintain the honey’s quality by destroying the microorganisms that affect the physico-chemical properties of honey during storage. Low heat treatment (45 °C) for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min were conducted to determine the total microbial activity using fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA). The total microbial population that subsequently affected the physico-chemical properties was also analyzed. The total microbial activities of SBH were significantly reduced after thermal treatment at 45 °C for 90 min (63.76 µg FDA/g/h) and 120 min (62.43 µg FDA/g/h) compared with control (67.127 µg FDA/g/h). Also, the moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and free acidity of the heat-treated SBH at all durations were significantly reduced compared with the control. The total microbial activity was detected as significantly correlated to bacterial and fungal populations, moisture content, EC, pH, and free acidity of low heat-treated SBH. Low heat treatment at 45 °C for 120 min was efficient to reduce the total microbial activity, and total acidity, and increasing the pH of SBH. Prolonging the heating duration is suggested to further reduce the water content, and total microbial activity and further increase the shelf life of SBH.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75926892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}