Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences最新文献

A Review on Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties-Photocatalytic Activity Relationships of Carbon Quantum Dots Graphitic Carbon Nitride in Reduction of Carbon Dioxide 碳量子点石墨氮化碳在二氧化碳还原中的合成与理化性质-光催化活性关系综述

IF 0.6

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3224

Siti Hajar Alias, Nur Farisha Balqis Ya’akop, N. N. Mohamed, Nur Nazzatul Azzin Ahmad Tarmizi, Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Mohd Ghazali, Hadi Nur

{"title":"A Review on Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties-Photocatalytic Activity Relationships of Carbon Quantum Dots Graphitic Carbon Nitride in Reduction of Carbon Dioxide","authors":"Siti Hajar Alias, Nur Farisha Balqis Ya’akop, N. N. Mohamed, Nur Nazzatul Azzin Ahmad Tarmizi, Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Mohd Ghazali, Hadi Nur","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3224","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas present in over half of the Earth's atmosphere. Elevated CO2 emissions in the atmosphere have become a global warming issue due to the excessive use of fossil fuels by human activities. Converting CO2 into a useful compound is crucial since CO2 exists in the environment and must be reduced. The use of semiconductor materials in photocatalysis is the best solution to degrade and potentially convert CO2 into a useful energy source. Recently, research on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has developed interest due to its phenomenal properties, such as effective charge separation and charge carrier lifetime, electron-hole recombination, and high surface area. CQDs/g-C3N4 has recently emerged as a novel technology due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, especially in the reduction of CO2. Thus, this review outlines the recent modification of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which include the synthesis of CQDs/g-C3N4 for CO2 reduction. Lastly, the review discusses physicochemical properties-photocatalytic activity relationship of CQDs/g-C3N4 in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. This review provides a wide range of perspectives and a guideline for designing the more effective CQDs/ g-C3N4 for photocatalytic reduction of CO2.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"138 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Multi-Criteria Generalised L-R Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS with CRITIC for River Water Pollution Classification 采用 CRITIC 的多标准广义 L-R 直觉模糊 TOPSIS 技术进行河水污染分类

IF 0.6

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3105

Muhammad Asyran Shafie, Daud Mohamad, Seripah Awang Kechil

引用次数: 0

GARCH Models and Distributions Comparison for Nonlinear Time Series with Volatilities 有波动率的非线性时间序列的 GARCH 模型和分布比较

IF 0.6

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3101

Nur Haizum Abdul Rahman, Goh Hui Jia, H. S. Zulkafli

{"title":"GARCH Models and Distributions Comparison for Nonlinear Time Series with Volatilities","authors":"Nur Haizum Abdul Rahman, Goh Hui Jia, H. S. Zulkafli","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3101","url":null,"abstract":"The Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is extensively used for handling volatilities. However, with numerous extensions to the standard GARCH model, selecting the most suitable model for forecasting price volatilities becomes challenging. This study aims to examine the performance of different GARCH models in forecasting crude oil price volatilities using West Texas Intermediate (WTI) data. The models considered are the standard GARCH, Integrated GARCH (IGARCH), Exponential GARCH (EGARCH), and Golsten, Jagannathan, and Runkle GARCH (GJR-GARCH), each with normal distribution, Student’s t-distribution, and Generalized Error Distribution (GED). To evaluate the performance of each model, the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) are used as the model selection criteria, along with forecast accuracy measures such as absolute error, root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Post-estimation tests, including the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Lagrange Multiplier (ARCH-LM) test and the Ljung-Box test, are conducted to ensure the adequacy of all models. The results reveal that all GARCH models are suitable for modeling the data, as indicated by statistically significant estimated parameters and satisfactory post-estimation outcomes. However, the EGARCH (1, 1) model, particularly with Student’s t-distribution, outperforms other models in both data fitting and accurate forecasting of nonlinear time series.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"36 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Dynamics of Tuberculosis through BSEIR Model with Immigration in Malaysia 通过马来西亚移民 BSEIR 模型分析结核病的动态变化

IF 0.6

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3063

Nur Hazimah Tamhaji, Nur 'Izzati Hamdan

{"title":"The Dynamics of Tuberculosis through BSEIR Model with Immigration in Malaysia","authors":"Nur Hazimah Tamhaji, Nur 'Izzati Hamdan","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3063","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis or known as TB is an airborne disease that exists in Malaysia caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Despite that, TB infection is curable with early diagnosis and treatment. The disease can be prevented through Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is given among infants at birth. Numerous mathematical models on infectious diseases have been formulated in earlier studies since it is crucial to comprehend infectious disease transmission patterns and predict future outcomes. However, there is minimal study on the dynamics of TB transmission, particularly in Malaysia concerning immigration. Hence, this study aims to formulate a mathematical BCG-vaccinated, susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered (BSEIR) model for TB infection in Malaysia by considering the immigration parameter. The model parameters are obtained from the literature and some with reported data in 2013 as initial value for the simulation using MAPLE software. The obtained results revealed that the basic reproduction number, for the model is more than one. The graphical plot shows that the BSEIR model with immigration demonstrates a rise in TB-infected cases. The best strategy to lessen the number of infected individuals in Malaysia is by increasing the transmission rate and recovery rate. Additionally, the local stability analysis on the diseases-free equilibrium point and sensitivity analysis of its parameter is also provided and discussed. To conclude, a proper screening test should be mandated by the authorities before permitting new immigrants and refugees into Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"61 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138605093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-Dimensional Heavy Metal Migration in Soil with Adsorption and Instantaneous Injection 利用吸附和瞬时注入技术实现土壤中重金属的二维迁移

IF 0.6

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3090

Ruishi Liang, Zaiton Mat Isa

引用次数: 0

IF 0.6

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3100

Afiqah Sofiya Zaid, N. Kamis, zahari Md Rodzi, Adem Kilicman, Norhidayah A Kadir

{"title":"An Improved Similarity-based Fuzzy Group Decision Making Model through Preference Transformation and K-Means Clustering Algorithm","authors":"Afiqah Sofiya Zaid, N. Kamis, zahari Md Rodzi, Adem Kilicman, Norhidayah A Kadir","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3100","url":null,"abstract":"Group decision making plays a crucial role in organizational and community contexts, facilitating the exchange of expert opinions to arrive at effective decisions. The concept of preference, reflecting an individual's subjective evaluation of criteria or alternatives, forms a foundational element in this process. This study focuses on transforming non-fuzzy preferences, such as preference ordering and utility functions, into fuzzy preference relations (FPR) to address the uncertainty and uniformity inherent in expert preferences. To further enhance decision-making, we assess and visualize the similarity among the experts' uniform preferences. Integrating the K-means clustering algorithm into the fuzzy group decision making model allows for the predetermination of an appropriate number of groups based on the available alternatives. By aggregating individual preferences, we present a final ranking of alternatives. The enhanced methodology, as demonstrated through comparative analysis, showcases its ability to yield positive benefits when applied to decision-making applications.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"49 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Production of Vanillin from Pumpkin Peels via Microbiological Fermentation using Aspergillus niger 利用黑曲霉通过微生物发酵法从南瓜皮中生产香兰素

IF 0.6

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3193

Raisatul Mirza Mohd Rifaie, Latiffah Karim

{"title":"Production of Vanillin from Pumpkin Peels via Microbiological Fermentation using Aspergillus niger","authors":"Raisatul Mirza Mohd Rifaie, Latiffah Karim","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3193","url":null,"abstract":"Vanilla is the main natural flavouring agent used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, flavouring, and fragrance, in which vanillin is the major component. Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is a secondary metabolite of plants and the major organoleptic aroma component of natural vanilla. The vanillin compound can be produced using the following routes: direct vanilla bean extraction, chemical synthesis, and biotechnological processes (bio-vanilla production). Nowadays, the chemical synthesis method used for vanillin production has been rejected by the United States and European legislation, while plant-derived vanillin is expensive. The current study demonstrates vanillin production from pumpkin peels (Cucurbita moschata) by Aspergillus niger via one-step fermentation approach. This study implements different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (1.0 M and 2.0 M) during alkaline hydrolysis pretreatment and different feeding volumes of hydrolysates during the biotransformation processes of ferulic acid into vanillin, classified as small feeding volumes (SFV) and large feeding volumes (LFV). Detection and quantification analysis were carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), resulting in vanillin yield of 0.49 mg/L (1.0 M SFV), 0.5 mg/L (1.0 M LFV), 0.33 mg/L (2.0 M SFV), 0.59 mg/L (2.0 M LFV). Analysis with ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometry using thiobarbituric acid as reagent was carried out as well, resulting in vanillin yield of 2.76 µg/ml (1.0 M SFV), 3.78 µg/ml (1.0 M LFV), 2.68 µg/ml (2.0 M SFV), 3.05 µg/ml (2.0 M LFV). In conclusion, pumpkin peels can be considered a great source of ferulic acid and Aspergillus niger was reported as an efficient fungus in converting ferulic acid to vanillic acid, which will then be transformed into vanillin.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solving Complexity Dataset in e-Ticketing using Machine Learning to Determine Optimum Feature 利用机器学习确定最佳特征，解决电子票务中的复杂数据集问题

IF 0.6

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.2921

Siti Zulaikha Mohd Jamaludin, Majid Khan Majahar Ali, Eric Shiung Wong Vun, Mohd. Tahir Ismail, Noor Farizah Ibrahim

{"title":"Solving Complexity Dataset in e-Ticketing using Machine Learning to Determine Optimum Feature","authors":"Siti Zulaikha Mohd Jamaludin, Majid Khan Majahar Ali, Eric Shiung Wong Vun, Mohd. Tahir Ismail, Noor Farizah Ibrahim","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.2921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.2921","url":null,"abstract":"e-ticketing is one of the common applications used in technical support in Information Technology (IT) and has been used worldwide in any field of company. The benefits of e-ticketing can reduce the human efforts, increase the sufficiency of system and provides the benefits and efficiency to the customers. Also, e-ticketing ticketing system can enhance worker safety, improving productivity, increasing project efficiency and cause the good impact on the performance of the business in terms of profitability. The main objective of this study is defining the model performance in each important feature by analysing the complex dataset by using logistic regression as a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. In evaluation the performance of classifier, the dataset is injected to Python programming and split into 90% as training set and 10% for the testing set. From the analysis, the study found that only 3 out of 11 independent features in dataset that are relevant chosen to proceed the ML analysis. From the result, the accuracy for sct_short_description, sct_cmdb_ci, and sct_assignment_group is 41.65%, 48.77% and 96.49%, respectively. It showed that the accuracy’s result for the sct_assignment_group resulted that the model is very good accuracy and indicate that the model is well performing. Meanwhile, the value of F1-score is 96.11% in each feature. This result indicates that the model has a good balance of precision and recall in its binary classification predictions. Hence, the study considers the sct_assignment_group as a best features to proceed the analysis. The future study will consider dealing the combination of complexity features by implementing more analysis on ML such as Support Vector Machines and Naïve Bayes.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"67 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138605055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Need Analysis of the Criteria Involved in Determining Suitable Locations for Photovoltaic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Malaysia 确定马来西亚光伏电动汽车充电站合适位置的标准需求分析

IF 0.6

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3114

R. N. Farah, N. A. Syahirah, N. Misron, M. S. M. Azmi, N. S. A. Karim, N.M. Husin

{"title":"A Need Analysis of the Criteria Involved in Determining Suitable Locations for Photovoltaic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Malaysia","authors":"R. N. Farah, N. A. Syahirah, N. Misron, M. S. M. Azmi, N. S. A. Karim, N.M. Husin","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3114","url":null,"abstract":"The main concern is a lack of scientific planning for photovoltaic electric vehicle charging stations (PEVCS) that considers numerous main criteria and sub-criteria. PEVCS should be strategically positioned in an appropriate and ideal location to ensure that electric vehicle (EV) users may reach the stations within their driving range. While the adoption of solar is still minimal in Malaysia, Malaysia needs to move faster to allocate the PEVCS at the strategic locations. Regarding this matter, this study aims to determine the suitable criteria for allocating the location of PEVCS in Malaysia. 52 out of 177 sub-criteria and six main criteria items were selected for the Need Analysis in this study as part of the data collecting procedure, which involved 12 respondents. The result revealed that the Need Analysis was used to choose 41 of the sub-criteria, including society (8), economics (10), environment (7), technology (6), accessibility (6), and proximity (4). For future studies, it is recommended to use Likert scales for analysing the data from the Need Analysis, along with calculating the mean and standard deviation values, while utilizing GIS-based MCDM methods to allocate ideal PEVCS locations in Malaysia through the development of a new prediction location model.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Study of Alpha Frequency Analysis between Medical and Consumer-grade Electroencephalography Devices on the Measurement of Male Healthy Subjects 医疗级和消费级脑电图设备在测量男性健康受试者时进行阿尔法频率分析的比较研究

IF 0.6

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3156

G. R. F. Suwandi, Syaukha Ahmad Risyad, S. Khotimah, Freddy Haryanto, Suprijadi

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Alpha Frequency Analysis between Medical and Consumer-grade Electroencephalography Devices on the Measurement of Male Healthy Subjects","authors":"G. R. F. Suwandi, Syaukha Ahmad Risyad, S. Khotimah, Freddy Haryanto, Suprijadi","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3156","url":null,"abstract":"The relatively high cost of medical-grade electroencephalography (EEG) devices has pushed the production of low-cost wireless consumer-grade devices. Therefore, it is essential to assess the performance of wireless consumer devices to determine whether they are sufficient for medical purposes. This research assessed consumer-grade EEG (C-EEG) recording quality by quantitatively comparing the consumer-grade EEG with a medical-grade EEG device (M-EEG). Recording data from C-EEG and M-EEG were obtained from 20 male subjects in age 19-23 years old. Recording for both devices was done sequentially with similar methods of recording. Upon EEG recording, the subject is asked to sit in a chair facing the screen. EEG recording was performed when the subject was asked to open and close their eyes for 30 seconds each. Subsequently, subjects took a verbal memory test. This research compared the following parameters: power spectral density (PSD), full width at half max (FWHM) from PSD, and individual peak alpha frequency (IPAF) shift. P-value, standard error, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and mean squared error (MSE) were also obtained based on mentioned parameters. Based on the IPAF shift, it was concluded that C-EEG could read EEG signals against time well. Based on PSD and FWHM results, it was concluded that the C-EEG could not read EEG signal amplitudes well compared to the M-EEG device. The results of this research are important as a benchmark for carrying out further research using EEG, both medical and consumer-grade.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"3 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0