Limnology and Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"Issue Information & Copyright","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/lno.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short‐term net community production enhanced by internal wave–driven nutrient supply in the lower euphotic zone of the western subtropical North Pacific","authors":"Fuminori Hashihama, Takeyoshi Nagai, Takuhei Shiozaki, Ichiro Yasuda, Hiroaki Saito, Hiroshi Ogawa","doi":"10.1002/lno.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70183","url":null,"abstract":"The metabolic status of lower euphotic zones (EZs) in subtropical oceans—whether they are net autotrophic or heterotrophic—has been a subject of debate. In this study, we demonstrated net community production (NCP) enhanced by internal wave–driven nutrient supply in the lower EZ of the western subtropical North Pacific. Near 6‐h interval observations conducted from July 20, 2016 to July 28, 2016 at a fixed station revealed oxygen production and nutrient consumption in the deep layer around a potential density of 25 <jats:italic>σ</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>θ</jats:italic></jats:sub> (129–161 m depth), where relative irradiance to the surface was less than 1%. On July 25–26, internal waves generated strong turbulence, driving an upward nutrient supply. Following this event, the 25 <jats:italic>σ</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>θ</jats:italic></jats:sub> isopycnal was maintained at a shallower depth for one and a half days, providing favorable conditions for nutrient utilization by photoautotrophs. Over the study period, increased oxygen in the upper 200 m was estimated at 0.95 ± 0.40 mol m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, corresponding to decreases in nitrogen and phosphorus of 0.049 ± 0.042 and 0.0030 ± 0.0027 mol m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, respectively. This indicated that their O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> : N : P stoichiometry (313 ± 305 : 16 ± 20 : 1) overlapped with the canonical Redfield stoichiometry. The observed NCP statistically corresponded to approximately half of the annual NCP in subtropical oceans, although this short‐term NCP may have been offset by respiration over time. This study demonstrated that the lower EZ could temporarily exhibit net autotrophy, with NCP enhanced by internal wave–driven nutrient supply.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental controls of autotrophic biofilm biomass and community composition in subarctic lakes and streams in Greenland","authors":"Sanne Mariël Moedt, Tenna Riis, Dean Jacobsen, Ole Geertz‐Hansen, Kenneth Thorø Martinsen, Kirsten Seestern Christoffersen","doi":"10.1002/lno.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70188","url":null,"abstract":"Photosynthetic biofilms are key components of Arctic freshwater ecosystems, supporting primary production and forming the base of aquatic food webs. While several environmental factors regulating biofilms are known, their relative importance and connection to catchment characteristics across different Arctic ecosystems remain unclear. This study assessed epilithic biofilm biomass and autotrophic community composition in lakes and streams near Narsaq, South Greenland. Lake biofilms were dominated by cyanobacteria, with autotrophic biomass positively associated with catchment greenness and water conductivity. In streams, biofilms primarily comprised diatoms and green algae, with autotrophic biomass linked to phosphate, pH, and temperature. Total biofilm biomass in lakes was also related to catchment greenness and conductivity, while no consistent environmental drivers were found for stream biomass. These findings underscore how environmental controls on biofilm structure differ between lentic and lotic systems. As climate warming intensifies tundra greening and alters nutrient regimes, autotrophic biofilm biomass is likely to increase, potentially affecting food web dynamics and carbon cycling in Arctic freshwater ecosystems. Our findings advance the understanding of Arctic freshwater biofilm dynamics and their sensitivity to climate‐driven changes.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From temperate to polar waters: Transition to non‐cyanobacterial diazotrophy upon entering the Atlantic gateway of the Arctic Ocean","authors":"Lisa W. von Friesen, Christien P. Laber, Bjarke H. Kristensen, Emma Nysted, Marcus Sundbom, Stefan Bertilsson, Pauline Snoeijs‐Leijonmalm, Hanna Farnelid, Lasse Riemann","doi":"10.1002/lno.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70153","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen fixation, the microbial reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia, is increasingly recognized to occur in the Arctic Ocean. However, knowledge about the composition, biogeography, abundance, and ecology of nitrogen‐fixing organisms (diazotrophs) is poor. This ultimately hinders the prediction of ecosystem productivity fueled by nitrogen fixation in this rapidly changing and predominantly nitrogen‐limited ocean. We assessed the composition and abundance of total and <jats:italic>nifH</jats:italic>‐expressing diazotrophs in subsurface water (8 m; amplicon sequencing and quantification of the marker gene <jats:italic>nifH</jats:italic>) over ~ 3400 km from the mouth of the brackish Baltic Sea to the sea ice edge in the Arctic Ocean. Upon entering nutrient‐rich waters in the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic, we discovered an abrupt transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic diazotrophy (<jats:italic>nifH</jats:italic> expression). Our findings therefore suggest that diazotrophy is functionally distinct in the Arctic Ocean compared to adjacent temperate‐boreal waters—a difference likely driven by inorganic nutrients, salinity, and temperature. We identify three key non‐cyanobacterial diazotroph groups in the Arctic Ocean with Arctic‐specific (Rhodocyclales and Oceanospirillales) or more widespread (unknown Gammaproteobacterium) distribution patterns and report their <jats:italic>nifH</jats:italic> gene transcription levels (up to 10<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> <jats:italic>nifH</jats:italic> transcripts L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). In contrast, <jats:italic>nifH</jats:italic> expression in the warmer and more nutrient‐poor Norwegian Sea with coastal‐influenced water was dominated by sublineages of Candidatus <jats:italic>Atelocyanobacterium thalassa</jats:italic> (UCYN‐A1, UCYN‐A2, UCYN‐A4; up to 10<jats:sup>4</jats:sup> <jats:italic>nifH</jats:italic> transcripts L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). With ongoing atlantification of the Arctic pushing oceanic provinces and biogeographical ranges poleward, we predict a future displacement of the transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic diazotrophy with likely significant changes in nitrogen fixation.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"River metabolism regimes across large environmental gradients","authors":"Amaia A. Rodeles,&nbsp;José Barquín,&nbsp;Francisco J. Peñas","doi":"10.1002/lno.70155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rivers process up to half of the terrestrial organic carbon before it reaches the oceans, playing an essential role in the global carbon cycle. However, little is known of the seasonal and regional patterns of riverine biological activity as most river ecosystem metabolism studies have been carried out at short spatial and temporal scales. We classify the annual river ecosystem metabolic regimes of 49 monitoring stations located in large Iberian rivers using a set of indices that summarize the annual variability of daily gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) estimates. Additionally, we uncover the key environmental drivers controlling these regimes using a multivariate ordination technique. We found three GPP and four ER regimes, differing in the magnitude of their values and seasonal extremes. The GPP and ER regimes were combined into four different river ecosystem metabolic regimes mainly controlled by an environmental gradient of land uses and topography. The least productive metabolic regime is associated with higher broadleaf forest coverage, while the most heterotrophic river ecosystem metabolic regime was associated with agricultural land uses, indicating that the food production system may be altering the carbon balance of river ecosystems. Our study uses both GPP and ER for river ecosystem metabolic regime classification, uncovering new metabolic rhythms and highlighting the importance of ER patterns in river metabolism characterization. This approach allows characterizing metabolic regimes across different environmental and anthropogenic gradients in different world regions, with applications in global carbon cycle estimation, river restoration, and climate change mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 9","pages":"2718-2732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abrupt decline of microplankton species richness linked to coastal inflow in an Arctic fjord","authors":"Tobias Reiner Vonnahme,&nbsp;Cheshtaa Chitkara,&nbsp;Diana Krawczyk,&nbsp;Lorenz Meire,&nbsp;Ragnheid Skogseth,&nbsp;Anna Vader,&nbsp;Thomas Juul-Pedersen","doi":"10.1002/lno.70159","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species richness can be important for the functioning and resilience of marine ecosystems, with planktonic protists forming the base of the marine food web. Climate change-driven shifts in water mass distributions are projected to alter plankton diversity. This process is particularly relevant in Arctic fjords experiencing changes in coastal water inflow, affecting local hydrography, nutrients, and biodiversity. Yet, empirical data on the environmental effects on Arctic plankton diversity are scarce. In this study, we analyze a 15-year time series from Nuup Kangerlua, a West Greenland fjord, and report an abrupt decline in microplankton (&gt; 20 <i>μ</i>m) species richness following a high-richness period from 2009 to 2013. The high-richness period was also characterized by a period of substantial inflow of Atlantic type water (ATW). While ATW did not appear to directly introduce temperate species, it was associated with elevated surface temperatures and nitrate concentrations - conditions that may have supported elevated microplankton richness. Nitrate is typically the key limiting nutrient in Arctic fjords and may support higher microplankton species richness consistent with the Species Energy theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 9","pages":"2688-2702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estuarine acidification mirrors the ocean trend and correlates with the El Niño Southern Oscillation","authors":"Jason S. Grear","doi":"10.1002/lno.70167","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pH of seawater has direct impacts on marine organisms and is one of several key variables for determining ecosystem-scale rates of carbon fixation, metabolism, and air–sea exchange. Based on previous estimates from four decades of monitoring data, the global ocean is acidifying at a rate of −0.0017 pH units yr<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow></math>. However, in biologically active coastal environments where such longer-term pH data sets are limited to low resolution glass electrode measurements, analyses have focused on the shorter-term biogeochemical details of diurnal and seasonal variation. A better understanding of decade-scale trends in estuaries is needed and is achievable with available data. Here, Bayesian methods were used to combine previously reported pH trends with a multivariate time series analysis of a 25 year dataset (1996–2020) covering 16 fixed stations in the U.S. National Estuarine Research Reserve system. After temperature normalization, the estimated trend was −0.0013 pH units yr<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow></math>. This estimate is less negative than previously reported but is also more precise, resulting in a 63% probability of a negative trend in unsampled estuaries. Over decadal time scales, biological response calculations predict demographically relevant impacts on early life stage mortality in bivalves and potentially other calcifying marine organisms. Additional multivariate analyses indicated strong association between the El Niño Southern Oscillation and estuarine pH both before and after temperature normalization. Although seasonal decoupling of biological production and respiration was expected to produce stronger pH seasonality at higher latitudes, no such pattern was detected either before or after temperature normalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 9","pages":"2703-2717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grazing by sea urchins is a potential co-driver of Greenland kelp forest distribution","authors":"Jakob Breinholt Kjær,&nbsp;Susse Wegeberg,&nbsp;Mikael K. Sejr,&nbsp;Birgit Olesen,&nbsp;Núria Marbà,&nbsp;Michael Bo Rasmussen,&nbsp;Martin Emil Blicher,&nbsp;Annette Bruhn,&nbsp;Jørgen L. S. Hansen,&nbsp;Jannie Fries Linnebjerg,&nbsp;Dorte Krause-Jensen","doi":"10.1002/lno.70150","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grazing by sea urchins is a main driver of kelp forest dynamics causing shifts from kelp forests to urchin barrens in the temperate region but there is limited information on such patterns from the Arctic region. Based on information from 132 underwater video transects along Greenland's West Coast at 59.9–77.8°N, we explored the distribution of kelps and sea urchins, including the occurrence of sea urchin barrens, along latitudinal- and depth-gradients. We observed more extended kelp cover and deeper-growing kelp forests toward south, although with marked variability among sites. Sea urchins were present along the entire West Coast, with no clear depth-related pattern, but their densities were generally higher toward north. Kelp cover declined toward deeper, light-limited waters and was also reduced where sea urchins were abundant, in some cases with urchin barrens within the kelp beds, suggesting a potential top-down control of kelp distribution by sea urchins. Sea urchins left, on average, 10% of the potential kelp area barren, with the largest proportion (20%) of barren ground toward north. Earlier studies have identified the length of the sea-ice free period and water temperature as main bottom-up drivers of spatial distribution of kelp in this region. We conclude that sea urchins are present all along Greenland's West Coast and occur at densities suggesting they may act as local co-drivers of kelp forest distribution and cover.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 9","pages":"2756-2766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light and temperature as triggers for surface filamentous green algal blooms in shallow freshwater systems","authors":"Hannah R. Kemp, Alexandra Zieritz, Stephen J. Dugdale, Nico R. Helmsing, Suzanne Wiezer, Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis, Stephen C. Maberly, Martyn Kelly, Suzanne McGowan","doi":"10.1002/lno.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70169","url":null,"abstract":"Blooms of filamentous green algae (FGA) form dense mats at the surface of shallow freshwaters and have multiple negative impacts on aquatic ecosystem functions, services, and aesthetics. Although nutrient enrichment in freshwaters is a primary driver of excessive FGA growth, much less is known about other abiotic factors controlling bloom growth rate, extent, and timing. We performed a series of indoor mesocosm (Limnotron) experiments to investigate the effects of photosynthetically active radiation irradiance, photoperiod, and water temperature on the growth and surface bloom formation of FGA using underwater and surface photography. The results revealed that a minimum daily light integral of ~ 13.2 mol m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (a combination of photosynthetically active radiation irradiance measured at the water surface and daylength) was required for bloom formation and substantial FGA growth. Surface blooms did not occur at short daylengths (i.e., 8 h), whereas a long daylength (i.e., 16 h) allowed more time for photosynthetically derived gas bubbles to accrue in the FGA masses, making them rise to the water surface through buoyancy. We also found that temperatures between 16°C and 22°C were optimal for FGA to form surface blooms. As freshwater ecosystems are increasingly impacted by climate change, our study sheds new light on factors affecting the occurrence of surface blooms and helps identify when waterbodies may be at risk of FGA blooms in the future.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-to-volume ratio as a central continuous functional trait for marine zooplankton","authors":"Julie Lemoine,&nbsp;Sakina-Dorothée Ayata,&nbsp;Cornelia Jaspers,&nbsp;Fabien Lombard","doi":"10.1002/lno.70171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gelatinous zooplankton are an important component of many ecosystems and important for ecosystem structure and carbon cycling. However, this group is generally not considered in biogeochemical models. Here we investigate the biomass-to-volume ratio as an underappreciated “master trait” that allows for the incorporation of a large diversity of zooplankton groups into modeling exercises. By considering the biomass-to-volume ratio as a continuum, we investigate the potential trade-offs between body composition and physiological (e.g., clearance, respiration, carbon mass-specific growth, assimilation) as well as ecological (e.g., predator–prey size ratio, feeding modes) traits. We find that a low carbon composition has a positive effect on the organism's fitness, as more prey could be captured for the same active mass. Thus, taking the biomass-to-volume ratio into account could improve the estimation of physiological rates. Additionally, we show that gelatinous feeding-current feeders (e.g., tunicata, <i>Mnemiopsis</i> spp., <i>Rhizostoma</i> spp.) have an ability to catch smaller prey over a wider size range than non-gelatinous feeding-current feeding organisms (gelatinous feeding-current feeders min–max: 10²–10⁶ <i>μ</i>m_predator <i>μ</i>m_prey⁻¹; non-gelatinous feeding-current feeders min–max: 5 × 10⁰–8 × 10¹ <i>μ</i>m_predator <i>μ</i>m_prey⁻¹). However, results are only valid for the respective feeding mode, highlighting new trade-offs. This allows us to re-evaluate the functional role of certain organisms, such as larvaceans (appendicularians), which were previously considered to be super-filters, or pteropods, which remain understudied. This study contributes to a wider representation of the complexity of the zooplankton community in size-structured models. We highlight that the biomass-to-volume ratio, along with size, is the most important parameter required to represent the full diversity of zooplankton.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 9","pages":"2673-2687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}