International Journal of Risk and Recovery最新文献_第2页

Report on the Distribution of the Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity in a Forensic Psychiatry Program 关于法医精神病学项目中健康和健康公平的社会决定因素分布的报告

International Journal of Risk and Recovery Pub Date : 2021-12-19 DOI: 10.15173/ijrr.v4i2.4545

Samantha Perrotta, B. Losier

{"title":"Report on the Distribution of the Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity in a Forensic Psychiatry Program","authors":"Samantha Perrotta, B. Losier","doi":"10.15173/ijrr.v4i2.4545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/ijrr.v4i2.4545","url":null,"abstract":"The social determinants of health are important factors that shape a person’s well-being, life expectancy, and quality of life. The environments in which people live, work, and play are paramount in determining their overall health. As such, viewing health as an outcome, not only of individual choices and biomedical factors but also of socioenvironmental influences, can be an important lens to guide health-care practice. This report examined the social determinants of health of people admitted to inpatient units in a forensic psychiatry program in a major Canadian urban centre. Twenty health variables were collected from the Resident Assessment Instrument–Mental Health form. A deprivation scale was created to understand social and material inequality on a gradient. Findings showed that those surveyed had high rates of poor social determinant of health factors, such as low educational attainment, insecure housing, and lack of secure employment before their admission to the program. Chi-square tests showed associations between material deprivation, race, and comorbidity status. The findings may influence a multisectorial approach to mental illness prevention, management, and recovery practices.","PeriodicalId":181328,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Risk and Recovery","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126100037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic Psychiatry in Pakistan: An Update 巴基斯坦的法医精神病学:最新进展

International Journal of Risk and Recovery Pub Date : 2021-11-27 DOI: 10.15173/ijrr.v4i2.4622

Wajahat Ali Malik, Cameron Arnold, Ahila Vithiananthan, Tariq Hassan

{"title":"Forensic Psychiatry in Pakistan: An Update","authors":"Wajahat Ali Malik, Cameron Arnold, Ahila Vithiananthan, Tariq Hassan","doi":"10.15173/ijrr.v4i2.4622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/ijrr.v4i2.4622","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is a lower-middle income country in South Asia where forensic psychiatry is often not recognized as a distinct subspecialty of psychiatry. Although evolution toward this direction has begun, more development in this field is needed. Before Pakistan’s Mental Health Ordinance of 2001, much of the mental health legislation and intitutional infrastructure pertaining to the mentally ill offender can be traced back to the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912. The past two decades have witnessed important legal developments in the role of psychiatry in Pakistan’s criminal justice system. This has been seen through the devolution of health-care provision and by an extension of psychiatric service provision from the federation (federal government) to the four provinces. Despite the sparse resources allocated to psychiatry, competent yet scarce psychiatry residents are graduating from Pakistan’s accredited residency programs with an interest in forensic psychiatry. The objective of this article is to reflect on the past, while examining the current state of existing forensic mental health in Pakistan. This article will also address the future trajectory of forensic psychiatry in Pakistan and supports the establishment of forensic psychiatry as a subspecialty in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":181328,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Risk and Recovery","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126363631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethics, Risk and Recovery 道德、风险和恢复

International Journal of Risk and Recovery Pub Date : 2021-09-05 DOI: 10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.4823

J. Ferencz

引用次数: 0

Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Saudi Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Attitudes 沙特孕妇的亲密伴侣暴力:患病率、危险因素和态度

International Journal of Risk and Recovery Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.3924

Hatoon A. AlTaifi, Abdullah H. Alqahtani, Nourah H Al-Qahtani

{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Saudi Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Attitudes","authors":"Hatoon A. AlTaifi, Abdullah H. Alqahtani, Nourah H Al-Qahtani","doi":"10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.3924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.3924","url":null,"abstract":"Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy has become a focus of attention in recent years, owing to its relatively high prevalence, its impact on maternal and fetal health, and its cumulative effects over time. This study aims to determine the magnitude and characteristics of IPV among pregnant Saudi Arabian women, to identify the factors that increase the risk, and to assess the willingness of abused women to report IPV. This is a cross-sectional, community-based survey of pregnant women in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A modified Abuse Assessment Score (AAS) questionnaire was used. Sociodemographic data were collected. Data related to willingness to report IPV, including reasons for declining to report IPV, were also collected. A total of 1,330 women completed the three parts of the survey. In total, 345 (25.9%) women reported emotional abuse during pregnancy, whereas 72 (5.4%)reported physical abuse and 180 (13.5%) reported sexual abuse. In emotional abuse, a significant association was found between having more children (p = .001), having a lower education (p = .05), having a lower income (p = .04), and being abused. In physical abuse during pregnancy, no significant associations were found between all variables and being abused. However, in reporting sexual abuse among women during pregnancy, a significant increase in the risk was found in those with four or more children (p = .01) and those who are employed (p = .01). More than two-thirds (71.2%) of abused pregnant women were unwilling to report the abusive acts to a medical authority. IPV is common among pregnant Saudi women. Emotional abuse is the commonest form of IPV, affecting one in four women. More than two-thirds of abused women were unwilling to report their partner’s abusive acts. Screening for IPV may encourage women to seek help and improve both maternal and fetal health.","PeriodicalId":181328,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Risk and Recovery","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114964525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Greats: Learning Strategies of Master Forensic Psychiatrists 伟大:法医精神科硕士的学习策略

International Journal of Risk and Recovery Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.3911

G. Glancy, Daniel Miller

{"title":"Greats: Learning Strategies of Master Forensic Psychiatrists","authors":"G. Glancy, Daniel Miller","doi":"10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.3911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.3911","url":null,"abstract":"For forensic psychiatry to thrive as a profession, practitioners need to be committed to intentional, continuous learning and development throughout their careers. However, carving their way through the challenges of practice and finding room to grow can be daunting. Research can help lessen this burden by examining the careers of experienced and skilled practitioners, identifying the factors that influenced their development, and the strategies they used to direct it. To date, little research of this kind has been conducted in forensic psychiatry. In this study, we used the deliberate practice model of elite performance as a heuristic to interpret the accounts of several experienced and distinguished practitioners, revealing and characterizing the influences and activities they identify as having been most important to their development. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with six participants from across North America who started their forensic careers between 1965 and 1980. Transcripts were analyzed using directed content analysis. Participants cited little in the way of highly structured activities designed specifically to improve performance. They instead described using opportunities to learn from real casework and additional knowledge pursuits, as well as using deliberate career management to structure the conditions of their work-based learning. They also stressed the effect of entering forensic practice during a period of increasing interest, demand and investment, which yielded early opportunities to learn through practice. We discuss limitations in the deliberate practice model’s capacity to capture key learning strategies in forensic psychiatry, connections between work-based learning and the discipline’s general historical trajectory, and the role of career management in professional development strategies.","PeriodicalId":181328,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Risk and Recovery","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133070280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of the Illusory Truth Effect and Location of Testimony in Juror Deliberations 虚幻真实效应的影响及证词在陪审员审议中的位置

International Journal of Risk and Recovery Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.4339

Alexandre Johnston, Daniel L. Ambrosini, B. Losier

{"title":"Impact of the Illusory Truth Effect and Location of Testimony in Juror Deliberations","authors":"Alexandre Johnston, Daniel L. Ambrosini, B. Losier","doi":"10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.4339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.4339","url":null,"abstract":"The illusory truth effect (ITE) is the tendency to believe false information as being accurate after it has been presented repeatedly over time. ITE has been shown to hold true in many different contexts; however, there have been no studies that examine the influence of ITE in jurors’ deliberation. Given the importance of weighing legally relevant facts in the decision-making process, and the potential influence of ITE, this study examined whether the repetition of key evidence in testimony matters in this context. This study also examined whether critical information would be influenced by the location of ITE. In that context, jurors may process critical information differently when introducing ITE early (i.e., primacy effect) or later (i.e., recency effect) in the vignette of a murder case. To examine this effect, 100 participants were recruited and asked to read a vignette where pertinent evidence related to a murder was strategically repeated throughout the case narrative. Participants were assigned to one of four groups: control; ITE throughout vignette; ITE at the beginning of vignette; and ITE at the end of vignette. After reading the vignette, participants were asked to complete a short questionnaire and provide a final decision about various aspects of the case. Results revealed that repetition of pertinent evidence matters. The placement of evidence also has the potential to influence jurors’ perceptions of certain case relevant details. These findings suggest that within a sensitive legal context, such as jurors weighing evidence of an accused’s culpability, ITE could alter one’s perception of the facts.","PeriodicalId":181328,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Risk and Recovery","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125774354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional content analysis among psychopathic individuals during emotional induction by IAPS pictures 用IAPS图片分析精神病态个体情绪诱导过程中的情绪内容

International Journal of Risk and Recovery Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.4274

T. Pham, Justine Gwicz, Anne-Sophie Scohier, Dorothée Rousseau, Nele Douven, Audrey Lavallee, X. Saloppé

{"title":"Emotional content analysis among psychopathic individuals during emotional induction by IAPS pictures","authors":"T. Pham, Justine Gwicz, Anne-Sophie Scohier, Dorothée Rousseau, Nele Douven, Audrey Lavallee, X. Saloppé","doi":"10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.4274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/IJRR.V4I1.4274","url":null,"abstract":"Background Emotional processes among psychopathic individuals have been consistently investigated. Although content analysis is interesting for evaluating emotional characteristics, few data exist concerning Psychopath’s speech content following affective and neutral images. \u0000Method Population included male forensic inpatients (n=47) from Security Hospital. The inpatients were divided into: “Psychopaths” (n=24, PCL-R total score >25), “Intermediates” (n=12, score from 15 to 24.9) and “Non-psychopaths” (n=11, score <14.9). TROPES analyses and EMOTAIX scenario tools examined the narrative’s emotional characteristics. We tested the hypothesis that psychopaths report fewer emotional words on all images, particularly on negative-valence images. \u0000Results Our results on the whole do not support this hypothesis but suggested rather a specific discordance in the verbal emotional treatment (exclusively PCL-R interpersonal factor) but not in terms of the subjective evaluation. Moreover, this factor was positively correlated with the number of the self-referring pronouns (“I”, me) setting whereas PCL-R Social Deviance factor was positively correlated with action verbs. \u0000Conclusion Speech outputs of psychopaths present specificities in terms of emotional content and verbal setting. The results are congruent with the notion that psychopathy combines both functionality and subtle impairment.","PeriodicalId":181328,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Risk and Recovery","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114379533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Female sexual offenders and judicial decision-making 女性性犯罪者与司法决策

International Journal of Risk and Recovery Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.15173/IJRR.V3I2.4123

Anthony M. Battaglia, Mini Mamak

{"title":"Female sexual offenders and judicial decision-making","authors":"Anthony M. Battaglia, Mini Mamak","doi":"10.15173/IJRR.V3I2.4123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/IJRR.V3I2.4123","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Research examining female sexual offending is limited, and the profile of this unique offender group is not well understood. Female sexual offending has largely been identified as a rare occurrence, typically perpetrated in the context of an unhealthy relationship with a paraphilic male counterpart. Given recent changes in law and minimum sentences for sexual offences—particularly in relation to child pornography and child luring offences—it remains unknown how this has impacted sentencing of female offenders charged with sexual offences.\u0000Objectives: The goal of this study is to better understand female offenders convicted of sexual offences and their offence characteristics. Additionally, it seeks to identify patterns in judges’ decision-making with respect to aggravating and mitigating factors that impact sentencing decisions.Methods: A sample of 26 judges’ sentencing decisions between 2000 and 2017 were obtained to investigate the Canadian female sexual offender (FSO) as she enters the justice system.\u0000Results: In the study sample, high rates of psychopathology and childhood trauma were important features of this offender group. Offences tended to occur over extended periods, with a male co-offender, and with a young victim that was well known to the offender. Aggravating factors related to the vulnerability of the victim, abuse of power, and lack of insight. Mitigating factors related to accepting responsibility and a desire for self-change. Offenders were generally sentenced for two to five years, with ancillary orders intended to track and restrict further offending, rather than foster rehabilitation.\u0000Discussion: Gaining a better understanding of Canadian FSO population is the first step toward improving rehabilitation and prevention.","PeriodicalId":181328,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Risk and Recovery","volume":"24 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127137585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review on the effectiveness of Canadian and American mental health courts 对加拿大和美国精神卫生法庭有效性的审查

International Journal of Risk and Recovery Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.15173/IJRR.V3I2.4112

D. Dunford, Andre Haag

{"title":"Review on the effectiveness of Canadian and American mental health courts","authors":"D. Dunford, Andre Haag","doi":"10.15173/IJRR.V3I2.4112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/IJRR.V3I2.4112","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This systematic review synthesizes mental health court (MHC) research across the United States and Canada. This study reviews and compares the operations and practices of MHCs across both countries, as well as their recidivism rates. Methods: We gathered from existing literature to present common MHC practices used across the United States. However, in response to the lack of literature about Canadian day-to-day practices, we developed a questionnaire and contacted every Canadian MHC. In total, we contacted 36 Canadian MHCs, and 19 courts filled out a questionnaire. With respect to recidivism rates, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in February and March 2019 in PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts using the keywords mental health court, therapeutic justice, serious mental illness, mentally ill offenders, mental health diversion and problem-solving courts. Results: Canadian and American MHCs have similar practices. However, American MHC’s have more robust screening measures and typically admit more participants with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder into their programs compared to Canadian MHCs. MHC participants in both countries typically had lower recidivism rates compared to regular docket court participants. Conclusions: MHC research should inform public policy. Additional research should move in the direction of discovering the predictors for why MHCs reduce recidivism.","PeriodicalId":181328,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Risk and Recovery","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126719583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structured professional judgment tool in assessing fitness to stand trial 结构化的专业判断工具，以评估是否适合出庭

International Journal of Risk and Recovery Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.15173/IJRR.V3I2.3531

Teodora Prpa, H. Moulden, Liane Taylor, G. Chaimowitz

引用次数: 0