Malaria Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Erratum to “Malaria Burden in Pregnancy at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda”","authors":"Fatuma Namusoke, N. Rasti, F. Kironde, M. Wahlgren, F. Mirembe","doi":"10.4061/2011/492190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/492190","url":null,"abstract":"We provide an updated Table  2. \u0000 \u0000The manuscript text has been modified as follows. \u0000 \u0000Method section 2.4, page 3, line 3, (left column): <2500 was changed into ≤2500. \u0000 \u0000Result section 3.1, page 3, line 6-7 (right column): …more literate (0.001),…, used less IPT (<0.0001), was changed into more literate (0.0003),…, used less IPT (0.0002). \u0000 \u0000Discussion, page 8, line 21 (right column): <2500 was changed into ≤2500. \u0000 \u0000Discusson, page 9, line 22–24 (left column): Of note, significantly fewer primigravidae used IPT as compared to multigravidae (Table  2; G1 = 31.6%, G2-3 = 49.3%, ≥G4 = 55.7%) was changed into Of note, significantly fewer primigravidae used IPT as compared to multigravidae (Table  2; G1 = 31.6%, G2-3 = 49.3%, ≥G4 = 55.9%). \u0000 \u0000Page 6, line 24,(headline of Table  5): <2500 was changed into ≤2500. \u0000 \u0000The total number of cases in each gravidity group in Table  2 should be G1 = 196, G2-3 = 142, and ≥G4 = 59. Two cases of G3 were misclassified as G4 giving rise to reduced nr in the G2-3 group and increased nr in the G4 group. The total number of cases as depicted in the first row of the original Table  2 is still correct and should be (G1 = 196, G2-3 = 142, and ≥G4 = 59). The misclassification occurred when a reanalysis of part of Table  2 was performed and the new data was entered in the old table. The headline hence contained the correct total number of cases in each group, but the reanalysed part was based on the misclassified dataset. Since the data was entered as proportions only, the mismatch between the total number of cases in the headline and rest of the table was not detected immediately. In the corrected table, the total number in the G4 group has now decreased by 2 and in the G2-3 increased by 2. In the case of ANC-visit versus gravidity, only one case was shifted between groups as data on the second misclassified case was missing from the start. Of note, the data on placental malaria versus gravidity was not analysed on the same occasion as the other variables in the table and was thus on the correct dataset from the start.","PeriodicalId":18089,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Research and Treatment","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74570521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasitologic Assessment of Two-Dose and Monthly Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria during Pregnancy with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTP-SP) in Lagos, Nigeria.","authors":"Chimere O Agomo, Wellington A Oyibo, Funke Odukoya-Maije","doi":"10.4061/2011/932895","DOIUrl":"10.4061/2011/932895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTP-SP) is a key strategy in the control of malaria in pregnancy. However, reports of increasing level of resistance to SP using nonpregnant populations have made it imperative for the continuous monitoring of the efficacy of SP in pregnant women. This study assessed using microscopy, monthly dosing and the standard two-dose regimen among 259 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Lagos, Nigeria that consented 122 in the two-dose arm (Arm A) and 137 in the monthly dose arm (Arm B). Baseline parasitaemia in the two groups was 5 (4.1%) and 3 (2.2%) in Arms A and B, respectively. Few of the women developed parasitaemia after the initial SP dose in Arms A 4 (3.3%) and B 2 (1.5%). However, none of the women had malaria infection after the second dose in both Arms. Although IPTP-SP is suggestive of protecting the women from malaria infection, there was no significant difference observed between the two dosing schemes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18089,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"932895"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39967530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of the Antimalarials Prescription during Pregnancy in Bangui, Central African Republic.","authors":"Alexandre Manirakiza,&nbsp;Georges Soula,&nbsp;Remi Laganier,&nbsp;Elise Klement,&nbsp;Djibrine Djallé,&nbsp;Moyen Methode,&nbsp;Nestor Madji,&nbsp;Luc Salva Heredeïbona,&nbsp;Alain Le Faou,&nbsp;Jean Delmont","doi":"10.4061/2011/414510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/414510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. The aim of this study was to identify the antimalarials prescribed during the pregnancy and to document their timing. Method. From June to September 2009, a survey was conducted on 565 women who gave birth in the Castors maternity in Bangui. The antenatal clinics cards were checked in order to record the types of antimalarials prescribed during pregnancy according to gestational age. Results. A proportion of 28.8% ANC cards contained at least one antimalarial prescription. The commonest categories of antimalarials prescribed were: quinine (56.7%), artemisinin-based combinations (26.8%) and artemisinin monotherapy (14.4%). Among the prescriptions that occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy, artemisinin-based combinations and artemisinin monotherapies represented the proportions of (10.9%) and (13.3%). respectively. Conclusion. This study showed a relatively high rate (>80%) of the recommended antimalarials prescription regarding categories of indicated antimalarials from national guidelines. But, there is a concern about the prescription of the artemisinin derivatives in the first trimester of pregnancy, and the prescription of artemisinin monotherapy. Thus, the reinforcement of awareness activities of health care providers on the national malaria treatment during pregnancy is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":18089,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"414510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4061/2011/414510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39967633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Duffy-Binding-Like Domain of Plasmodium falciparum Blood-Stage Antigen 332.","authors":"Sandra Nilsson,&nbsp;Kirsten Moll,&nbsp;Davide Angeletti,&nbsp;Letusa Albrecht,&nbsp;Inari Kursula,&nbsp;Ning Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaodong Sun,&nbsp;Klavs Berzins,&nbsp;Mats Wahlgren,&nbsp;Qijun Chen","doi":"10.4061/2011/671439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/671439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies on Pf332, a major Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigen, have largely been hampered by the cross-reactive nature of antibodies generated against the molecule due to its high content of repeats, which are present in other malaria antigens. We previously reported the identification of a conserved domain in Pf332 with a high degree of similarity to the Duffy-binding-like (DBL) domains of the erythrocyte-binding-like (EBL) family. We here describe that antibodies towards Pf332-DBL are induced after repeated exposure to P. falciparum and that they are acquired early in life in areas of intense malaria transmission. Furthermore, a homology model of Pf332-DBL was found to be similar to the structure of the EBL-DBLs. Despite their similarities, antibodies towards Pf332-DBL did not display any cross-reactivity with EBL-proteins as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting, and peptide microarray. Thus the DBL domain is an attractive region to use in further studies on the giant Pf332 molecule.</p>","PeriodicalId":18089,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"671439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4061/2011/671439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39968345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Use of Guideline in Home Management of Malaria among Children in Rural South West Nigeria.","authors":"Adekunle Akerele, Oyindamola B Yusuf, Catherine O Falade, Ikeoluwapo O Ajayi, Franco Pagnoni","doi":"10.4061/2011/701320","DOIUrl":"10.4061/2011/701320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dosage regimen for artemether-lumefantrine which is the standard of care for malaria in most of Sub-Saharan countries requires use of treatment guidelines and instructions to enhance caregivers' performance in the treatment of malaria. As part of a larger study evaluating its effectiveness in a rural local government area in southwestern Nigeria, 552 caregivers whose children had fever two weeks preceeding the survey were recruited. Information was collected with interviewer administered questionnaire. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted using the gllamm approach in Stata to determine the factors associated with use of guideline. Age and educational background of caregiver were significantly associated with guideline use. Caregivers aged 26-30 years were 4 times more likely to use guideline than those aged >40 years. Caregivers with primary education were 4 times more likely to use guideline compared with caregivers with no formal education. Between-village variance was 0.00092 ± 0.3084. Guideline use reduced with increasing age and lower education.</p>","PeriodicalId":18089,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"701320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39967443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria treatment policy change and implementation: the case of Uganda.","authors":"Miriam Nanyunja,&nbsp;Juliet Nabyonga Orem,&nbsp;Frederick Kato,&nbsp;Mugagga Kaggwa,&nbsp;Charles Katureebe,&nbsp;Joaquim Saweka","doi":"10.4061/2011/683167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/683167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria due to P. falciparum is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda where it is highly endemic in 95% of the country. The use of efficacious and effective antimalarial medicines is one of the key strategies for malaria control. Until 2000, Chloroquine (CQ) was the first-line drug for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Uganda. Due to progressive resistance to CQ and to a combination of CQ with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Uganda in 2004 adopted the use of ACTs as first-line drug for treating uncomplicated malaria. A review of the drug policy change process and postimplementation reports highlight the importance of managing the policy change process, generating evidence for policy decisions and availability of adequate and predictable funding for effective policy roll-out. These and other lessons learnt can be used to guide countries that are considering anti-malarial drug change in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":18089,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"683167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4061/2011/683167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39968258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of extracts of selected medicinal plants used by traditional healers of Western cameroon.","authors":"Denis Zofou,&nbsp;Mathieu Tene,&nbsp;Moses N Ngemenya,&nbsp;Pierre Tane,&nbsp;Vincent P K Titanji","doi":"10.4061/2011/561342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/561342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medicinal plants play a key role in malaria control in Africa, especially in remote areas where health facilities are limited. In order to assess their acclaimed potentials, eleven extracts were prepared from seven selected plants commonly used in Western Cameroon, and tested both for their antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity. The antiplasmodial activity was assessed using Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay (pLDH) and the cytotoxicity estimated on LLC-MK2 monkey kidney epithelial cells. Seven extracts from five different plants were significantly active, with very weak or no cytotoxicity. The Dacryodes edulis leaves showed the highest activity (IC(50) of 6.45 μg/mL on 3D7 and 8.2 μg/mL on DD2) followed by the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (IC(50) of 8.72 and 11.27 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2 resp.) and roots of V. amygdalina (IC(50) of 8.72 μg/mL on 3D7), Coula edulis leaves (IC(50) of 13.80 μg/mL and 5.79 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2 resp.), Eucalyptus globulus leaves (IC(50) of 16.80 μg/mL and 26.45 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2) and Cuviera longiflora stem bark (IC(50) of 20.24 μg/mL and 13.91 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2). These findings justify the use of five of the seven plants in malaria treatment by traditional healers of Western Cameroon.</p>","PeriodicalId":18089,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"561342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4061/2011/561342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39968352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects and Pitfalls of Pregnancy-Associated Malaria Vaccination Based on the Natural Immune Response to Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA-Expressing Parasites.","authors":"Elizabeth G Kane, Andrew W Taylor-Robinson","doi":"10.4061/2011/764845","DOIUrl":"10.4061/2011/764845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy-associated malaria, a manifestation of severe malaria, is the cause of up to 200,000 infant deaths a year, through the effects of placental insufficiency leading to growth restriction and preterm delivery. Development of a vaccine is one strategy for control. Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells accumulate in the placenta through specific binding of pregnancy-associated parasite variants that express the VAR2CSA antigen to chondroitin sulphate A on the surface of syncytiotrophoblast cells. Parasite accumulation, accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate, disrupts the cytokine balance of pregnancy with the potential to cause placental damage and compromise foetal growth. Multigravid women develop immunity towards VAR2CSA-expressing parasites in a gravidity-dependent manner which prevents unfavourable pregnancy outcomes. Although current vaccine design, targeting VAR2CSA antigens, has succeeded in inducing antibodies artificially, this candidate may not provide protection during the first trimester and may only protect those women living in areas endemic for malaria. It is concluded that while insufficient information about placental-parasite interactions is presently available to produce an effective vaccine, incremental progress is being made towards achieving this goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":18089,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Research and Treatment","volume":"2011 ","pages":"764845"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30484456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artemether-Lumefantrine Combination Therapy for Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria: The Potential for Complex Interactions with Antiretroviral Drugs in HIV-Infected Individuals.","authors":"Pauline Byakika-Kibwika, Mohammed Lamorde, Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, Saye Khoo, Concepta Merry, Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden","doi":"10.4061/2011/703730","DOIUrl":"10.4061/2011/703730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of malaria in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) poses significant challenges. Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is one of the artemisisnin-based combination therapies recommended for treatment of malaria. The drug combination is highly efficacious against sensitive and multidrug resistant falciparum malaria. Both artemether and lumefantrine are metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes which metabolize the protease inhibitors (PIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) used for HIV treatment. Coadministration of NNRTIs and PIs with AL could potentially cause complex pharmacokinetic drug interactions. NNRTI by inducing CYP450 3A4 enzyme and PIs by inhibiting CYP450 3A4 enzymes could influence both artemether and lumefantrine concentrations and their active metabolites dihydroartemisinin and desbutyl-lumefantrine, predisposing patients to poor treatment response, toxicity, and risk for development of resistance. There are scanty data on these interactions and their consequences. Pharmacokinetic studies to evaluate these interactions in the target populations are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18089,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"703730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39968045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Misconceptions about Malaria among Pregnant Women in a Post-Conflict Internally Displaced Persons' Camps in Gulu District, Northern Uganda.","authors":"James Obol,&nbsp;Kitara David Lagoro,&nbsp;Orach Christopher Garimoi","doi":"10.4061/2011/107987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/107987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. In Uganda Malaria continues to be a major public health problem accounting for about 30-50% of all outpatient consultations and 35% of hospital admissions and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Pregnant women and their unborn children are vulnerable to malaria. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 20 postconflict IDP camps of Gulu district selected randomly as clusters. 769 pregnant women were interviewed. Results. The majority of the respondents 85% have ever heard about malaria. Most (80%) 571 respondent attributed malaria to be transmitted by mosquito bites, 15 said cold weather, 53 said dirt, and 35 said not sleeping under net. Most (91%) 683 respondents mentioned that malaria was caused by mosquito, 28 mentioned cold food, 3 mentioned playing in the rain, 19 mentioned cold weather, and 6 mentioned eating mangos. Conclusion. Most pregnant women in the post conflict IDP camps have relatively high knowledge about malaria transmission, signs, symptoms, and consequences during pregnancy. However, majority of respondents had misconception about the cause of malaria while a few had misconception about the mode of malaria transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":18089,"journal":{"name":"Malaria Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"107987"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4061/2011/107987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39967580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}