Lithos最新文献

{"title":"P-T evolution and refined UPb geochronology of the giant eclogite layer of the Cabo Ortegal Complex (NW Iberian Massif)","authors":"I. Novo-Fernández ,&nbsp;R. Albert ,&nbsp;R. Arenas ,&nbsp;J.I. Gil Ibarguchi ,&nbsp;S. Sánchez Martínez ,&nbsp;A. Gerdes ,&nbsp;R. Díez Fernández ,&nbsp;A. Beranoaguirre ,&nbsp;A. Garcia-Casco","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Cabo Ortegal Complex (NW Iberian Massif), a 20 km long and 700 m thick layer of eclogites constitutes one of the world's largest outcrops of this type of rocks. It belongs to the Upper Allochthon, a terrane that represents the remnants of a Cambrian peri-Gondwanan fore-arc basin that was involved in the Variscan collision. In this layer, three types of eclogites are differentiated according to their mineralogy and bulk composition: the common, the ferrotitaniferous, and the Al-Mg-rich eclogites. This work studies the three types of eclogites via thermodynamic modelling. The ferric content of the bulk composition during the metamorphic peak is analyzed, the results demonstrating a strong influence on the metamorphic paragenesis in two of the three types. Isochemical equilibrium phase diagrams in the MnNCKFMASTHO system indicate metamorphic peak conditions of c. 23–25 kbar at c. 750–800 °C prior to a decompression up to c. 16–20 kbar. U<img>Pb dating in zircon crystals (LA-ICP-MS) from an eclogite yields an age of c. 390 Ma for the high-P metamorphism. All this indicates deep subduction of the peri-Gondwanan realm at the onset of the Variscan Orogeny during Early Devonian. The results are used to discuss the stacking of units that constitute the Upper Allochthon and envisage the processes that contributed to their exhumation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18070,"journal":{"name":"Lithos","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 107952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143319886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacy of mantle fabrics preserved within heavily serpentinized peridotites in Hole BA3A cores of the Oman Drilling Project","authors":"Katsuyoshi Michibayashi ,&nbsp;Yuki Kakihata ,&nbsp;Itsuki Natsume ,&nbsp;Takeo Okuwaki ,&nbsp;Marguerite Godard ,&nbsp;Peter Kelemen ,&nbsp;The Oman Drilling Project Science Team","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) of olivine within natural peridotites are commonly expressed by pole figures for the [100], [010], and [001] axes, and they can be categorized into six well-known crystal fabric types: A, B, C, D, E, and AG. In this paper, we have studied olivine crystal fabrics preserved within serpentinized peridotites in Hole BA3A cores from the Wadi Tayin mantle section of the Samail ophiolite in the Sultanate of Oman, drilled by the ICDP Oman Drilling Project (OmanDP) as part of the Multi-Borehole Observatory (MBO). Hole BA3A cores mostly consist of serpentinized harzburgites with small proportions of thin serpentinized dunitic and mafic layers. Quarter slabs were obtained from Hole BA3A cores, from parts of the core in which the degree of serpentinization was slightly lower than the range of the average through the whole core (70–96 %). The mineral phases and crystal orientations in each polished thin section were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) system. EBSD mapping and data processing were then performed to reveal the original CPO of mantle olivine, based on the orientation of relict grains of olivine in surrounding serpentine that retain the legacy of mantle fabrics. As a result, we found that olivine CPOs in Hole BA3A cores were mostly characterized by A to D type fabrics typical of steeply oriented, late, relatively low temperature mantle shear zones in the Samail ophiolite, as opposed to A to AG type fabrics typical of high-T asthenospheric mantle textures. However, Hole BA3A cores preserve foliations subparallel to the crust-mantle boundary like some of the high temperature fabrics. This implies that the olivine fabric transition could have occurred during continued deformation at progressively lower temperature until mantle flow ceased within the lithospheric mantle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18070,"journal":{"name":"Lithos","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 107970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143320469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of Eocene adakitic porphyries in the Binchuan–Weishan area, southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on the initial left-lateral strike slip of the Diancangshan–Ailaoshan tectonic zone","authors":"Xiaohan Dong ,&nbsp;Guochun Zhao ,&nbsp;Bingbing Liu ,&nbsp;Limin Wu ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Gao ,&nbsp;Lifeng Zhong ,&nbsp;Touping Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The India–Eurasia collision during Cenozoic era has led to large-scale uplift and lithospheric extrusion of the central Tibetan Plateau. As a vital boundary for accommodating the compressive stress in the interior of the plateau, the Diancangshan–Ailaoshan tectonic zone (DATZ) in Yunnan Province has witnessed to this evolutionary history and documented the tectonic processes. As the indication of the collisional process at depth, the Cenozoic potassic magmatic rocks that developed along the DATZ are the critical lithological probe for elucidating the deep dynamic mechanisms underlying the India–Eurasia collision and their connection with the plateau's lithospheric extrusion. In this paper, we present new zircon U-Pb, Hf and O isotopic data, along with whole-rock major and trace elemental compositions, and whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic data of Eocene porphyries located at the junction of the Diancangshan and Ailaoshan metamorphic massifs in Yunnan Province. Zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that they were emplaced at 37–35 Ma. Geochemically, all the studied porphyries exhibit an affinity to potassic adakitic rocks with the enrichment in K₂O (K₂O = 3.88–5.69 wt%), high Sr contents (mostly &gt;400 ppm), elevated Sr/Y ratios (30–106), and low Y and Yb contents, indicating an origin from the partial melting of the thickened mafic continental lower crust which is garnet-bearing amphibolite. However, the disparity in zircon Hf and O isotopic compositions between the Binchuan–Midu and Weishan granitic porphyries reflects their different sources. They are the Neoproterozoic and Late Paleozoic mafic lower crust that formed during the Neoproterozoic and Paleo-Tethyan subduction, respectively. By integrating regional data, including structural feature, metamorphism, sedimentation and magmatism patterns, we propose that the generation of the late Eocene (37–35 Ma) potassic rocks along the Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan tectonic zone in Yunnan Province was a consequence of the southeastward extrusion of the central Tibetan Plateau lithosphere, coupled with the left-lateral shearing of the DATZ and the rotating of the Lanping–Simao and Yangtze blocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18070,"journal":{"name":"Lithos","volume":"498 ","pages":"Article 107967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six olivine inclusions in diamond are remnants of a syngenetic monocrystal","authors":"Matthew M. Wincott,&nbsp;Simon C. Kohn,&nbsp;Ian J. Parkinson","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the discovery of a diamond containing six thin, flat olivine inclusions. Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and X-ray tomography revealed inclusion alignment within and parallel to a single diamond growth zone. A novel application of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to diamond inclusions established that they shared a common crystallographic orientation. Whilst the olivine (100) and diamond (111) planes were parallel, the olivine b- and c-axes were not parallel to any of the diamond's major crystallographic axes. The shared morphology, spatial distribution and crystallographic orientations of the inclusions can only be explained by a single crystal origin, which has previously been used as proof of protogenesis. However, unusual CL dead zones, thought to be related to the partial dissolution and replacement of the monocrystal, are exclusively observed in the plane of the inclusions, implying that the original crystal was never equant when interacting with the diamond. As we are not aware of any mechanism resulting in olivine independently adopting such a high aspect ratio (over 60:1) in the mantle, we favour a model wherein the monocrystal grew as a thin layer on a pre-existing diamond surface before being partially dissolved and rapidly encased. We therefore conclude that the olivine inclusions are remnants of a syngenetic monocrystal, and that crystallographic orientation alignment between inclusions does not always imply a protogenetic relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18070,"journal":{"name":"Lithos","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 107953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143321008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid infiltration along reactive porosity networks at the subduction interface: Evidence from the eclogite-facies Erro-Tobbio Unit (Ligurian Alps)","authors":"S. Cacciari ,&nbsp;E. Cannaò ,&nbsp;G. Toffol ,&nbsp;M. Scambelluri ,&nbsp;L.F.G. Morales ,&nbsp;G. Pennacchioni","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107950","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In subduction zones, seismicity and rock rheology are strongly influenced by the presence of fluids. However, the mechanisms governing fluid extraction and transport along the subduction interface are still debated. The meta-peridotite of the Erro-Tobbio Unit (Ligurian Alps) records fluid-rock interaction and associated deformation that occurred at intermediate subduction depths. Fluid pathways are represented by reaction bands of metamorphic olivine (Ol&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) and Ti-clinohumite, formed by the breakdown of brucite (Brc) and antigorite (Atg) at 1.8–2.5 GPa and 500–650 °C. Field and microstructural analyses allowed the role of deformation in the development of ORBs to be assessed. In-situ determination of trace elements by LA-ICP-MS allowed the scale of fluid circulation along reaction-induced channels to be constrained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The reaction bands occur within both meta-peridotite cores and wrapping horizons of prograde antigorite mylonites. The meta-peridotite shows two main sets of reaction bands: &lt;em&gt;Set&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;1&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, oriented at high angle to the bounding mylonites, and &lt;em&gt;Set&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;2&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, trending N-S, parallel to the mylonites (where only &lt;em&gt;Set&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;2&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; is present). A decrease in spacing between reaction bands of &lt;em&gt;Set&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;2&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; highlights a strain gradient from the undeformed meta-peridotite cores to the mylonites. This gradient, associated with oriented growth of Ol&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the mylonites, suggests that the reaction bands developed during mylonitization. Brc relics mostly localized within the reaction bands indicate that formation of Ol&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; was originally controlled by the Brc distribution. Such channel networks have been described in previous works as the result of channel-forming reactive porosity related to initial breakdown of thermodynamically favoured domains. The formation of the reaction bands may be therefore related to formation of low-Si fluids in Brc-rich areas, which triggered Atg breakdown and formation of porosity by flowing along planes consistent with the stress field.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Later stage, Al-free serpentine (Atg + chrysotile/lizardite) locally replaces Ol&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; along a pervasive network of microcracks exploiting the reactive sites of &lt;em&gt;Set&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;1&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;-&lt;em&gt;Set&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;2&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; structures. An enrichment in fluid-mobile elements (As, Sb, Ba, W, Li, B) in prograde Ol&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and later-stage Al-free serpentine provides evidence of two stages of infiltration of slab-derived fluids, indicating open-system conditions during eclogite-facies deformation and during retrogression. We speculate that the Erro-Tobbio Unit was subducted at an early stage of Adria-Europe convergence and settled atop the interface within the deep slow-earthquakes depth range, above the continuously under-riding and dehydrating Alpine slab. In this environment, the Erro-Tobbio Unit was affected by intense chemical exchange du","PeriodicalId":18070,"journal":{"name":"Lithos","volume":"498 ","pages":"Article 107950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143207829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronological, isotopic and petrogenetic investigations of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks in the Talysh Massif, NW Iran: Insights for the Eocene magmatic flare-up","authors":"Alizadeh Noudeh Shiva ,&nbsp;Rolland Yann ,&nbsp;Rossi Magali ,&nbsp;Bosch Delphine ,&nbsp;Münch Philippe ,&nbsp;Iemmolo Arthur ,&nbsp;Bruguier Olivier ,&nbsp;Mohammad Rahgoshay","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early Cenozoic magmatism is widespread in the Central Tethyan orogenic belt linking the tectonic zones of Iran, South Armenian Block (Lesser Caucasus) and Turkey, but its relationship to the Southern Neotethys Ocean is questioned. This study focusses on the southern part of Talysh massif, NW Iran, where thick geological successions of high potassic magmatic rocks erupted in the Eocene. This paper reports geochronological and geochemical data for this succession, which is mostly comprised of shoshonitic basalt and rare rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks emplaced during an Eocene magmatic flare-up. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of magmatic hornblende and biotite from basalts and trachy-andesites and U/Pb zircon dating of a dacitic tuff show that the magmatic event is spread on a 10 Myr range, from 50 to 40 Ma. Four main stages are documented at ∼49.8, 45–43, 43.2–41.6 and 39.8 Ma. One zircon yielded a significantly older U/Pb age of 616 ± 16 Ma, which involves recycling of a Neoproterozoic crystalline basement. Mafic lavas are enriched in LILE and depleted in HFSE, with high Th/Yb, Ba/Th and Nb/Zr ratios. In addition, Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopic ratios suggest an enriched mantle source, with assimilation of continental crust during differentiation processes. These data are in agreement with partial melting of a garnet-bearing subduction-modified subcontinental mantle and interactions with a spinel-bearing mantle during magmatic ascent. This magmatic flare-up could have been triggered by an Asthenosphere upwelling. This upwelling could be caused to combined onset of south-dipping subduction of the Transcaucasus basin and verticalization of the north-dipping subduction taking place to the south of Iran. Asthenosphere flow and magmatic ascent were likely facilitated by trans-lithospheric strike-slip faults and block rotations highlighted by paleomagnetic data. A transition from calc-alkaline towards a more alkaline magmatic component with time, from south to north of the Talysh Massif, suggests a slab steepening in response to roll-back in the Late Eocene. Subsequent to this period, volcanism ceased in the South Talysh and markedly declined in the North Talysh massif, where it underwent a transformation into an adakitic-type magmatism during the Late Miocene and Quaternary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18070,"journal":{"name":"Lithos","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 107954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143320297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protolith age, and timing of burial and exhumation of the UHP Chasteiran Unit (Dora-Maira Massif, Western Alps), constrained by zircon, garnet and rutile petrochronology","authors":"Paola Manzotti ,&nbsp;Leo J. Millonig ,&nbsp;Axel Gerdes ,&nbsp;Martin J. Whitehouse ,&nbsp;Heejin Jeon ,&nbsp;Marc Poujol ,&nbsp;Michel Ballèvre","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Chasteiran Unit in the northern Dora-Maira Massif reached ultra-high-pressure conditions in the chloritoid-coesite stability field. The chemical and isotopic behaviours of zircon, garnet, and rutile from a metapelite were explored to reconstruct the metamorphic evolution of this Unit.</div><div>Zircon crystals display detrital cores and thin (&lt; 5 μm) metamorphic rims which cannot be dated. The dominant zircon population consists of Late Neoproterozoic (⁓600 Ma) magmatic grains whereas the youngest zircon cluster is Ordovician in age (⁓470 Ma).</div><div>Garnet records three main growth stages: initial growth during a prograde pressure and temperature increase in the quartz stability field (2.5–2.7 GPa at 470–500 °C, inner core – stage 1), peak growth in the coesite stability field (2.7–2.8 GPa at 510–530 °C, outer core – stage 2), and final growth of the garnet rim between 2.3 GPa 520 °C and 1.5 GPa 510 °C (stage 3), contemporaneously with lawsonite consumption coupled with fluid production.</div><div>LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of garnet indicates two distinct stages of growth for garnet cores and rims at ⁓61 Ma and ⁓43 Ma, respectively. The time interval separating the growth of garnet cores and rims is consistent with our thermodynamic modelling, which indicates the absence of garnet growth during the initial stage of exhumation, between 2.7. GPa and 2.3 GPa.</div><div>Rutile is found both as inclusions in garnet and in the matrix. Rare inclusions of jadeite and Si-rich muscovite also indicate stability of rutile during burial at a minimum pressure of 2.0 GPa. Inclusions of rutile in garnet are commonly surrounded by fractures and some crystals display ilmenite exsolution lamellae, suggesting that despite their mode of occurrence, they might have behaved as an open system during retrograde metamorphism. Rutile consumption took place during exhumation, as suggested by the increase in Ti content in garnet and muscovite rims and thermodynamic modelling. Rutile in the matrix is partially replaced by ilmenite corona, which developed at <em>P</em> &lt; 1.5 GPa, after garnet growth. SIMS U-Pb dating of rutile, irrespective of its petrographic mode of occurrence, yields a date of ⁓37 Ma.</div><div>Our geochronological data suggest a different timing of burial and exhumation for the northern and southern Dora-Maira Massif and imply that the peak ultra-high-pressure episode in the northern Dora-Maira Massif is older than the peak eclogite-facies in the overlying oceanic units. Therefore, different extensional allochthons derived from the Briançonnais hyperextended palaeomargin may have been buried and/or detached from the downgoing slab at different times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18070,"journal":{"name":"Lithos","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 107951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143320298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe-Ti oxides as petrogenetic indicators in carbonatite from the Caotan iron deposit in the Qinling orogenic belt of central China","authors":"Si-Qi Liu,&nbsp;Shao-Yong Jiang,&nbsp;Hao-Xiang Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Feng Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fe<img>Ti oxides such as magnetite and their chemical compositions are useful petrogenetic indicators. High Ti content in magnetite has traditionally been considered a definitive criterion for an igneous origin. Many recent studies have reported the occurrence of titanomagnetite (magnetite with high Ti content) in hydrothermal deposits, thereby challenging the reliability of Ti content in magnetite as a provenance indicator. The geochemistry of titanomagnetite from igneous rocks, magmatic metallic deposits, and specific hydrothermal systems has been studied, upon which various discrimination diagrams were proposed. Carbonatites are one of the most prospective rocks on Earth, hosting metal reserves such as Nb and rare earth elements. Titanomagnetites in carbonatites have been reported but have rarely been concerned in previous provenance studies. This study reports the geochemistry of titanomagnetite from Caotan carbonatite (Qinling orogenic belt, Central China), which is unusual due to the intimate association of dolomite and calcite carbonatites. First, the mineral chemistry of the intergrown magnetite-ilmenite pairs was obtained using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), from which the equilibrium temperature (T) and oxygen fugacity (fO₂) were estimated. The results show a decreasing trend in oxygen fugacity (Δlog fO₂ = −22 to −36) coupled with cooling with temperatures from 529 to 351 °C, which are attributed to changes in melt conditions caused by interactions with country rocks. The trace element compositions of the titanomagnetites were determined through laser ablation ICP–MS analysis. Based on detailed comparisons with existing elemental data of titanomagnetite from other carbonatite locations and those of other origins, we find that Al depletion and relative Sn enrichment are distinctive features for titanomagnetite from carbonatites. A new discrimination diagram of V/(Ni × Co) versus Sn/Al × 100 is proposed in this study to distinguish high-Ti magnetite from carbonatites to those of other origins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18070,"journal":{"name":"Lithos","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 107949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143320300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alteration processes of mantle peridotite in the Samail ophiolite inferred from independent component analysis of rock physical properties","authors":"Y. Akamatsu ,&nbsp;T. Kuwatani ,&nbsp;R. Oyanagi","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To quantify the alteration processes in the mantle from geophysical data, an understanding of the relationship between alteration and the physical properties of mantle peridotite is essential. In this study, we employed independent component analysis (ICA) to evaluate variations in the physical properties of altered peridotites collected by the Oman Drilling Project, to understand the alteration processes of mantle peridotite in the Samail ophiolite. We analyzed multivariate physical properties (density, porosity, P-wave velocity, electrical resistivity, permeability, magnetic susceptibility, and color reflectance) that had been measured on core samples. The ICA results show that the observed variations in physical properties can be explained broadly by four independent components. Through their relationships with physical properties and comparisons with petrological and geochemical data from previous studies, we infer the four independent components to represent distinct alteration processes: the early and late stages of serpentinization, magnetite formation, and near-surface carbonation. These processes developed differently during the overall process of alteration, and they influenced each physical property in different ways. Our results demonstrate that ICA can separate the effects of multiple processes of alteration on various physical properties of the altered peridotites, which previously had been difficult to quantify.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18070,"journal":{"name":"Lithos","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 107946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143320753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven expeditious mapping and identifying granites in covered areas via deep machine learning: A case study on the implications for geodynamics and mineralization of Eastern Tianshan","authors":"Fan Xiao ,&nbsp;Ao Tang ,&nbsp;Huaqing Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiuming Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lithos.2025.107947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mapping granites and identifying their genetic types are critically important for understanding the tectonic evolution and patterns of metallogenesis of a defined region. This is because granite usually serves as a significant geological probe enabling us to track and examine the process of crustal accretion and recycling in various geodynamic contexts. However, even geological mapping of granite, especially at large regional scales, in areas covered by regolith, vegetation, water, or ice, remains a considerably challenging task due to the coverage, resulting in incomplete surveys originating from inaccessible measurements. Therefore, we proposed a data-driven framework that utilizes the deep learning method to integrate multi-source survey data, including geophysical, geochemical, and remote sensing data, to map granites and identify their genetic types in covered areas. For demonstration purposes, the Gobi-desert covered area of the Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, which is an important mineralization belt and exhibits a complex tectonic evolution, with extensive exposures of various genetic granites primarily formed during the Late Paleozoic, has been used as a case study. Using Bouguer gravity, aeromagnetic, geochemical data for stream sediments, and remote sensing data as predictors, we built two fully-connected deep neural networks for mapping undiscovered granites and identifying their genetic types in the study area, respectively. We applied the synthetic minority over-sampling technique to balance the data related to genetic types of granite. This study demonstrates that the proposed deep machine learning framework is a powerful data-driven tool for laborless and expeditious mapping of granite lithology and identifying genetic types in covered areas. It develops a novel model for the tectonic evolution history of the Eastern Tianshan from the perspective of the spatiotemporal distribution of granites with different origins. This model reveals the metallogenic patterns and exploration potential of magmatic-hydrothermal deposits related to granite in the Eastern Tianshan region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18070,"journal":{"name":"Lithos","volume":"498 ","pages":"Article 107947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143207832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}