Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Novel Therapies for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with MET Exon 14 Alterations: A Spotlight on Capmatinib.","authors":"Aaron C Tan,&nbsp;Tracy J Loh,&nbsp;Xue Lin Kwang,&nbsp;Gek San Tan,&nbsp;Kiat Hon Lim,&nbsp;Daniel S W Tan","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S263610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S263610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MET exon 14 (METex14) alterations are now an established therapeutically tractable target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently reported trials of several MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in this patient population have demonstrated promising efficacy data in both the treatment naïve and pre-treated settings and have led to regulatory approvals. This review will focus on practical diagnostic considerations for METex14 alterations, the trial evidence for capmatinib in this molecular subset including dosing and toxicity management, and the future therapeutic landscape of METex14 altered NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5c/2f/lctt-12-11.PMC7987308.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25526405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Acquired Resistance to Third-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Through Co-Targeting MEK/ERK Signaling.","authors":"Danlei Yu,&nbsp;Wen Zhao,&nbsp;Karin A Vallega,&nbsp;Shi-Yong Sun","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S293902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S293902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy has improved clinical outcomes of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying activating EGFR mutations, the development of acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including the promising third-generation ones, results in disease progression and has become an unavoidable problem that limits patient long-term benefit. The third-generation EGFR-TKIs, osimertinib and almonertinib, are now approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients harboring activating EGFR mutations (first-line) and/or the resistant T790M mutation (second-line). Clinically, appropriate management of acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs will substantially improve their long-term efficacy against EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest that activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway may be an important resistance mechanism and accordingly co-targeting this pathway effectively overcomes and abrogates acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs. This review focuses on discussing the scientific rationale for and potential of co-targeting MEK/ERK signaling in delaying and overcoming acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs, particularly osimertinib.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5d/48/lctt-12-1.PMC7872905.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25360269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Tumor Marker Dynamics as Predictive Biomarkers in NSCLC Chemo-Immunotherapy and Mono-Immunotherapy Maintenance: A Registry-Based Descriptive Study.","authors":"David Lang,&nbsp;Wolfgang Haslinger,&nbsp;Kaveh Akbari,&nbsp;Mario Scala,&nbsp;Benedikt Hergan,&nbsp;Christian Asel,&nbsp;Andreas Horner,&nbsp;Romana Wass,&nbsp;Elmar Brehm,&nbsp;Bernhard Kaiser,&nbsp;Bernd Lamprecht","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S286228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S286228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate serum tumor markers (STM) as predictive biomarkers in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemo-immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients having received platinum-based chemo-(CHT) and PD-1/PD-L1-directed immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy were retrospectively followed. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), cytokeratin-19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were routinely measured at NSCLC diagnosis. The marker with the highest relative elevation was defined \"leading STM\", its change was assessed between CHT-ICI as well as mono-ICI maintenance initiation and the respective subsequent restaging. Corresponding computed tomography evaluations were analyzed using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). For CHT-ICI combination and subsequent mono-ICI-maintenance therapy, leading STM and RECIST response were evaluated regarding progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in Kaplan-Meier analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 80 CHT-ICI patients (41% women, mean age 63 years), median PFS was 5 months (M;4,9), median OS was 15M (10,/). PFS was significantly (p=0.042) longer, when the leading STM had decreased at first restaging under CHT-ICI combination therapy (9M (5,12; n=41) vs 5M (3,6; n=16)). In the 54 (67.5%) patients who received subsequent mono-ICI maintenance therapy, STM decrease was similarly associated with significantly (p<0.001) longer PFS (16M (7,/; n=16) vs 3.5M (2,6; n=22)). Patients with radiologically stable or progressive disease and concomitant leading STM decrease had similar PFS in the CHT-ICI combination phase (4M (3,7; n=16) vs 4.5M (2,6; n=14)), but longer PFS in the mono-ICI maintenance setting (13M (7,16; n=10) vs 3M (2,4; n=17)). Median OS was not reached in most subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Leading STM dynamics provide predictive biomarker information additional to radiological response evaluation patients receiving CHT-ICI combination therapy, especially in the mono-ICI maintenance setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/9f/lctt-11-113.PMC7755331.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38762843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Proton Beam Therapy for Ground-Glass Opacity-Type Lung Cancer.","authors":"Ichiro Nagata,&nbsp;Takashi Ogino,&nbsp;Takeshi Arimura,&nbsp;Takashi Yoshiura","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S270283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S270283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Surgery is the standard treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including ground-glass opacity (GGO)-type lung cancer. However, some patients are inoperable or refuse to undergo surgery. To explore whether proton beam therapy (PBT) can be an alternative to surgical resection in these patients, this study aimed to examine the retrospective treatment outcomes of patients with GGO-type lung cancer who underwent PBT.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients with stage I NSCLC and GGOs who underwent PBT at the Medipolis Proton Therapy and Research Center (Kagoshima, Japan) between April 2011 and September 2015 were included. Patients were treated with a total dose of 66 GyE delivered in 10 fractions. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 48 patients (median age: 70.9 ± 9.2 years; men: 54.2%) were analyzed, among whom 53 tumors were observed. The 3-year overall survival rate after PBT was 91.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.3-96.8%), the 3-year disease-free survival rate was 85.4% (95% CI: 71.8-92.8%), and the 3-year local control rate among 53 tumors was 92.5% (95% CI: 81.1-97.1%). During the 3-year follow-up period, 4 patients died, and 3 survived despite recurrence or metastasis. Common AEs were radiation pneumonitis (89.6%), rib fracture (27.1%), and cough (27.1%). None of the patients developed grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study suggest that PBT may be a promising alternative for patients with GGO-type lung cancer when surgical resection is not feasible, with excellent survival outcomes and tolerable treatment-related AEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/LCTT.S270283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38643538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Contemporary Literature for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Toxicity.","authors":"Chung-Shien Lee, Sandhya Sharma, Emily Miao, Cheryl Mensah, Kevin Sullivan, Nagashree Seetharamu","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S258444","DOIUrl":"10.2147/LCTT.S258444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are common amongst those with non-small cell lung cancer and represent a major factor in treatment decisions, most notably in the advanced stages. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the EGFR, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, icotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib and osimertinib, have all shown to be effective in this setting. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI, is a favorable option, but almost all patients develop resistance at some time point. There are no effective treatment options for patients who progress on osimertinib, but ongoing trials will hopefully address this unmet need. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the data with EGFR TKIs, management of the toxicities and the ongoing trials with this class of agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/77/lctt-11-73.PMC7548332.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38643103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Favorable Immune Microenvironment in Patients with EGFR and MAPK Co-Mutations.","authors":"Wang Yang, Naifei Chen, Lingyu Li, Xiao Chen, Xiangliang Liu, Yongfei Zhang, Jiuwei Cui","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S262822","DOIUrl":"10.2147/LCTT.S262822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although <i>EGFR</i>-mutated patients generally do not benefit from checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), some patients in the KEYNOTE-001 study consistently benefited from this treatment. This study investigated immune microenvironment characteristics to identify the subgroup of patients that may benefit from ICIs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and Cancer Proteome Atlas, TMB and protein level of PD-L1 were explored in the patients with <i>EGFR</i> mutations and wild-type patients. Different patterns of <i>EGFR</i> mutations (according to EGFR co-mutation with different downstream pathway genesets) were used to group <i>EGFR</i> mutation population. Estimated infiltration analyses were used to explore changes in the immune microenvironment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study analyzed somatic mutation data from 1287 patients from five cohorts (TCGA, Broad, The Tumour Sequencing Project, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer database). The probability of <i>EGFR</i> mutation was approximately 14.30% (184/1287) and the co-mutation rate was 11.41% (21/184) in patients with <i>EGFR</i> mutations. Glycosaminoglycan-related pathways were significantly upregulated in the <i>EGFR</i> mutant group. <i>EGFR</i>-mutated patients had lower TMB and PD-L1 protein levels than those in wild-type patients. Increase immature DCs infiltration and decreased NK CD56dim, T gamma delta, cytotoxic, and Th2 cell infiltration were the main immune changes in <i>EGFR</i>-mutated patients. Patients with <i>EGFR</i>-MAPK co-mutations had higher levels of TMB and PD-L1 protein expression. Meanwhile, the co-mutated patients had a similar immune microenvironment as that in wild-type patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we defined a subgroup of patients with <i>EGFR</i>-MAPK co-mutations. These co-mutated patients may benefit from ICI treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/55/lctt-11-59.PMC7490071.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38424614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Immune-Related Adverse Events and Effects of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Susumu Noguchi,&nbsp;Keiichiro Suminaga,&nbsp;Takahiro Kaki,&nbsp;Hiroaki Kawachi,&nbsp;Akari Fukao,&nbsp;Satoshi Terashita,&nbsp;Sadao Horikawa,&nbsp;Tatsuyoshi Ikeue,&nbsp;Takakazu Sugita","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S254146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S254146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors have been reported to be linked with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, who tested positive for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor can be used as a treatment, and it was found to improve overall survival. However, there are only a few reports on the relationship between the therapeutic effects of pembrolizumab in patients with lung cancer and the irAEs of pembrolizumab. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between immune-related adverse events and the effects of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>From February 2017 to August 2019, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the effects of pembrolizumab treatment and immune-related adverse events in 94 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with pembrolizumab only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 63 cases, irAEs were observed. The most common irAE was rash. PD-L1 positivity ≥ 50% tended to cause irAEs. The median progression-free survival (PFS) rates with and without irAEs were 371 days (95% CI, 184-NR) and 67 days (95% CI, 51-87 days), respectively. In a multivariate analysis, irAEs and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) were the factors related to PFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with lung cancer, who were treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy, the development of irAEs was likely indicative of the positive effects of pembrolizumab. This novel finding appears to be useful for clinicians who work with pembrolizumab for lung cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/LCTT.S254146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38238882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of Everolimus in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung: Patient Selection and Special Considerations. A Systematic and Critical Review of the Literature.","authors":"Marta Peri,&nbsp;Nicola Fazio","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S249928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S249928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung are well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) with a heterogeneous clinical behaviour. Unlike gastroenteropancreatic NENs where therapeutic armamentarium clearly increased over the last decade, everolimus represented the only clinical practical innovation for lung NET patients over the last years. Therefore, for lung NETs, a multidisciplinary discussion within a dedicated team remains critical for an adequate decision-making. Although the main regulatory authorities considered the everolimus-related evidence is enough to approve the drug in advanced lung NETs, several clinical features deserve to be discussed. In this review, we systemically and critically analysed the main clinical studies including patients with advanced lung NETs receiving everolimus. Furthermore, we reported the biological and clinical background of everolimus in lung NET setting. The purpose of this review is to help clinical community to contextualize evidence and experience for a personalised use of this drug in clinical practice in the context of advanced lung NET patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/LCTT.S249928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38229078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients with NSCLCs Harboring Internal Inversions or Deletion Rearrangements of the <i>ALK</i> Gene Have Durable Responses to ALK Kinase Inhibitors.","authors":"Alexa B Schrock,&nbsp;Russell Madison,&nbsp;Mark Rosenzweig,&nbsp;Justin M Allen,&nbsp;Rachel L Erlich,&nbsp;Siao-Yi Wang,&nbsp;Tarek Chidiac,&nbsp;Vodur Suresh Reddy,&nbsp;Jonathan W Riess,&nbsp;Ahmet Ersin Yassa,&nbsp;Abdur Shakir,&nbsp;Vincent A Miller,&nbsp;Brian M Alexander,&nbsp;Jeffrey Venstrom,&nbsp;Kimberly McGregor,&nbsp;Siraj M Ali","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S239675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S239675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>ALK</i> fusions are targetable drivers in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, patients with NSCLC harboring <i>ALK</i> rearrangements without a fusion partner identified in DNA have also been shown to respond to ALK inhibitors. We aimed to characterize complex <i>ALK</i> variants that may predict sensitivity to multiple approved ALK inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue or blood-based circulating tumor DNA was performed for 39,159 NSCLC patients during routine clinical care. For a subset of cases, RNA sequencing was performed, and prior ALK test results and clinical treatment information were collected from treating physicians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We queried the Foundation Medicine NSCLC database and identified ALK internal inversions, as well as internal deletions, as the sole <i>ALK</i> rearrangements in 6 (0.02%) and 3 (0.01%) of cases, respectively. In cases with <i>ALK</i> internal inversions, RNA testing identified an <i>EML4-ALK</i> fusion in 2/2 cases evaluated, and 3/3 patients treated with ALK inhibitors had durable responses. A single patient with an <i>ALK</i> internal deletion and clinical data available responded to multiple ALK inhibitors. RNA data available for a subset of non-NSCLC cases suggest that <i>ALK</i> internal deletions removing a portion of the N-terminus are drivers themselves and do not result in <i>ALK</i> fusions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results were inconsistent for both classes of DNA events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rare internal inversions of <i>ALK</i> appear to be indicative of <i>ALK</i> fusions, which can be detected in RNA, and response to ALK inhibitors in patients with NSCLC. In contrast, <i>ALK</i> internal deletions are not associated with <i>ALK</i> fusions in RNA but likely represent targetable drivers themselves. These data suggest that CGP of DNA should be supplemented with immunohistochemistry or RNA-based testing to further resolve these events and match patients to effective therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/LCTT.S239675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37901660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orphan Drugs in Development for the Treatment of Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Emerging Data on Lurbinectedin.","authors":"Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero,&nbsp;Rudolf Maria Huber","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S239223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S239223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of death of all cancer entities and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most malignant subtype. Despite good initial response to chemotherapy, many patients relapse early and success of second line treatment remains poor. For years, no relevant improvement of second line treatment has been achieved in the field of SCLC. Lurbinectedin, a novel RNA-polymerase II inhibitor has shown promising results in pretreated SCLC patients as single agent and in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs leading to an orphan drug designation from the FDA. This article reviews the current data on this emerging substance and its impact on the treatment of SCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/LCTT.S239223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37747997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}