{"title":"CAR-T cell-associated neurotoxicity during therapy of hematologic malignancies: incidence, clinical features, predictive biomarkers and management measures.","authors":"R Velasco, I Abad-Inchaurrondo, A Sureda","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2502810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2502810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T cell therapy)-associated neurotoxicity includes a range of neurological side effects following CAR-T cell infusion. While ICANS is already a well-recognized, widely described neurological complication, the spectrum of neurological toxicities associated with CAR-T cell therapy has widened to include other, less common but emerging neurotoxicity syndromes. These have been observed with its broader use and the development of new agents. Movement and neurocognitive toxicity represent a recently described and challenging syndrome associated with BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapies. Cranial and peripheral neuropathies, as well as myelopathy have increasingly been identified. Rare forms of cerebellar toxicity have been described with under development agents as well. Furthermore, strokes or tumor inflammation-associated syndrome (TIAN) in patients with CNS disease may elicit an emergency consultation. Finally, classical forms of acute toxic leukoencephalopathy have been described in a few patients receiving fludarabine as lymphodepleting treatment before CAR-T cell infusion. These forms of neurotoxicity vary in severity, with some cases being severe and even life-threatening in the context of CAR-T cell therapy. The present review summarizes several types of neurotoxicity associated with CAR-T cell therapy in patients with hematologic malignancies, focusing on available data on incidence, clinical presentation, prediction, diagnostics and therapeutic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miao Zhong, Hailing Liu, Renfu Gui, Jing Zhang, Sanmei Wang, Yi Miao, Chongyang Ding, Lvwen Chen, Yuxiao Zhao, Xiran Wang, Xiaoyan Qu, Zhengxu Sun, Ran Li, Jianyong Li, Lei Cao, Lei Fan
{"title":"Progression of disease within 6 months: revised early disease progression threshold for ENKTL.","authors":"Miao Zhong, Hailing Liu, Renfu Gui, Jing Zhang, Sanmei Wang, Yi Miao, Chongyang Ding, Lvwen Chen, Yuxiao Zhao, Xiran Wang, Xiaoyan Qu, Zhengxu Sun, Ran Li, Jianyong Li, Lei Cao, Lei Fan","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2516257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2516257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The progression of disease (POD) within 24 months is well-established as an early indicator in various lymphomas. However, the aggressive nature of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) necessitates a shorter assessment period. In this study, we examined POD metrics in 170 newly diagnosed ENKTL patients receiving asparaginase-based regimens. Patients were divided into three groups based on relapse/progression timing: aggressive group (POD6), progressive group (POD6-24), and stable group (POD > 24). The median overall survival (OS) in the POD6 group was 16.5 months, while the median OS was not reached in the remaining two groups. Survival outcomes were comparable between the populations with POD6 and POD24. Cox regression analysis identified POD6 as an independent risk factor for OS, regardless of traditional risk stratification. In conclusion, POD6 is a valuable early prognostic marker for ENKTL, serving as a long-term prognosis surrogate for clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Maria Meireles, Ana Carolina Dominguesde Oliveira Rodrigues Amarante, Beatriz Mota Coelho Marques Catita, Maria Teresa Pegado Barroso Abilheira Monjardino, Pedro Martinho Gonçalves de Abreu Gouveia, Cláudia Sílvia da Rocha Moreira, Luís Cláudiode Jesus Leite, Rita Coutinho, Rosa Branca Santos Ferreira, Gil Paiva Brás, Manuel Guerreiro, Carlos Pinho Vaz, José Mário Mariz
{"title":"Effects of fludarabine dosage on transplant-related outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.","authors":"Ana Maria Meireles, Ana Carolina Dominguesde Oliveira Rodrigues Amarante, Beatriz Mota Coelho Marques Catita, Maria Teresa Pegado Barroso Abilheira Monjardino, Pedro Martinho Gonçalves de Abreu Gouveia, Cláudia Sílvia da Rocha Moreira, Luís Cláudiode Jesus Leite, Rita Coutinho, Rosa Branca Santos Ferreira, Gil Paiva Brás, Manuel Guerreiro, Carlos Pinho Vaz, José Mário Mariz","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2509701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2509701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Dampmann, Bastian von Tresckow, Hans Christian Reinhardt, Ralf Küppers, Julia von Tresckow
{"title":"Insights into the pathogenesis and biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia through analysis of its B-cell receptor.","authors":"Maria Dampmann, Bastian von Tresckow, Hans Christian Reinhardt, Ralf Küppers, Julia von Tresckow","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2513005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2513005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL exhibits two main subtypes based on immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) region mutational status: About half of the cases carry somatically mutated immunoglobulin V genes and hence derive from germinal center experienced memory B cells, whereas unmutated CLL derives from (likely CD5-positive) antigen-stimulated, but germinal center independent mature B cells. CLL precursor cells can be found years before diagnosis. The IGHV mutational status of CLL clones serves as one of the strongest prognostic markers. CLL often carries highly similar, i.e. stereotyped BCRs pointing to recognition of a restricted set of antigens. Indeed, the BCRs of many CLL clones are autoreactive for particular autoantigens, including the BCR itself. Pathogenic antigens are further drivers in CLL development. Thus, BCR-mediated signaling and antigen recognition play a major role in CLL pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng-Hsuan Lin, Jonathan Weiss, Tycel J Phillips, Dahlia Sano, Shannon A Carty, Ryan Wilcox, Monalisa Ghosh, Iman Ahmed, Victoria R Nachar, David Hutton, Yasmin H Karimi
{"title":"Cost effectiveness of mosunetuzumab and CAR-T cell therapy in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma.","authors":"Meng-Hsuan Lin, Jonathan Weiss, Tycel J Phillips, Dahlia Sano, Shannon A Carty, Ryan Wilcox, Monalisa Ghosh, Iman Ahmed, Victoria R Nachar, David Hutton, Yasmin H Karimi","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2506498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2506498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T cell redirecting therapies, including mosunetuzumab (mosun), axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), are FDA-approved for relapsed refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) in the 3rd line and beyond. There's no head-to-head clinical trial data to compare their effectiveness. These products differ in administration, hospitalization requirements, and toxicity profiles, impacting therapy selection. We developed a Markov model spanning one to 10 years from a US payer perspective, using parameters from clinical trials, quality utilities, and billing costs. Our base case analysis over 10 years showed that mosun provided $67,654 more Net Monetary Benefit (NMB) per patient than axi-cel and $111,709 more than tisa-cel. These findings suggest mosun is cost-effective at a $150,000 willingness-to-pay per QALY.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberta Giachetti, Francesca Ravaglia, Chiara Somma, Claudia Mannucci, Francesco Scaramuzzino, Martina Rousseau, Silvia Birtolo
{"title":"Not just amyloidosis: the spectrum of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia-associated renal disease.","authors":"Roberta Giachetti, Francesca Ravaglia, Chiara Somma, Claudia Mannucci, Francesco Scaramuzzino, Martina Rousseau, Silvia Birtolo","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2512392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2512392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal involvement in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare but clinically significant complication that is often underrecognized and inadequately described in the scientific literature. When kidney damage occurs, it negatively impacts both patient prognosis and renal outcomes, highlighting the importance of early recognition and targeted therapy. While B-cell directed treatment is crucial, therapeutic strategies remain non-standardized, and much of the existing literature predates the widespread use of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. In this manuscript, we present a case of WM-associated heavy and light chain deposition disease successfully treated with the second-generation BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib, emphasizing the potential role of novel targeted agents in this setting. Additionally, we provide a brief review of renal complications associated with WM and discuss some therapeutic considerations. However, the available data are heterogeneous and insufficient to draw definitive conclusions regarding the relationship between clinical outcomes and specific treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in monoclonal antibody development for treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.","authors":"Hamideh Kamalloo, Mahnaz Fathi, Sobhan Bavandi, Fereshteh Asadi, Sheida Janati, Kumars Amini","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2507198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2507198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapies targeting CD19, CD20, and CD22 have revolutionized B-ALL treatment, offering precision and reduced systemic toxicity by engaging immune mechanisms to eliminate leukemic cells. This review synthesizes literature from PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov (2000-2024), focusing on clinical outcomes and resistance mechanisms. Bispecific T-cell engagers (e.g. blinatumomab) and CD22-directed antibody-drug conjugates (e.g. inotuzumab ozogamicin) demonstrate robust efficacy in relapsed/refractory disease. Advances in antibody engineering, such as Fc optimization, nanobodies, and humanization, enhance tumor targeting and therapeutic safety. Persistent challenges include antigen escape, stromal-mediated resistance, and treatment-related toxicities. Combinatorial approaches integrating mAbs with CAR-T cells or checkpoint inhibitors show promise in overcoming resistance pathways. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and deep learning are transforming antibody design by predicting epitope binding, enabling de novo protein engineering, and streamlining affinity maturation. These innovations accelerate the development of next-generation therapies, underscoring the evolving potential of precision immunotherapy of B-ALL.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesamine Jany, Jan-Henrik Mikesch, Klaus Wethmar, David Baden, Irina Osiaevi, Georg Lenz, Christoph Schliemann, Alexander Pohlmann
{"title":"Prognostic impact of WBC kinetics after induction therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).","authors":"Jesamine Jany, Jan-Henrik Mikesch, Klaus Wethmar, David Baden, Irina Osiaevi, Georg Lenz, Christoph Schliemann, Alexander Pohlmann","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2512029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2512029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with broadly varying white blood cell (WBC) counts at the time of diagnosis and treatment. This study examined the association of WBC kinetics and outcome in 443 patients of '7 + 3' intensively treated AML patients, differentiating between leukocytosis and non-leukocytosis. WBC kinetics like WBC nadir, area under the curve (AUC) and negative slope were assessed by regression analyses adjusted for known risk factors. Leukocytosis was associated with inferior overall survival (OS: HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.569-0.938; <i>p</i> = 0.013), event-free survival (EFS: HR 0.777; 95% CI 0.625-0.966); <i>p</i> = 0.013) and increased early death (ED: <i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to the non-leukocytosis cohort. In patients with leukocytosis - regression analyses identified higher WBC nadir and higher AUC as predictors of worse outcome (WBC: HR 1.176; 95% CI 1.03-1.342; <i>p</i> = 0.017 and AUC: HR 1.001; 95% CI 1-1.003; <i>p</i> = 0.039). In contrary, non-leukocytosis patients presented an even shorter OS the lower their WBC nadir (HR 0.298; 95% CI 0.118-0.751; <i>p</i> = 0.01) and AUC dropped during induction (HR 0.981; 95% CI 0.962-0.999; <i>p</i> = 0.041). Multivariate analyses largely confirmed these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leukemia & LymphomaPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2025.2461672
Lisa S Chen, Prithviraj Bose, Wei Qiao, Yongying Jiang, Qi Wu, Nichole D Cruz, Michael J Keating, Varsha Gandhi
{"title":"A pilot study of lower doses of ibrutinib: patient body weight does not correlate with plasma ibrutinib levels during therapy.","authors":"Lisa S Chen, Prithviraj Bose, Wei Qiao, Yongying Jiang, Qi Wu, Nichole D Cruz, Michael J Keating, Varsha Gandhi","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2461672","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2461672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1166-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}