Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory最新文献

{"title":"POLING EFFECT ON PIEZOELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF PZT CERAMICS","authors":"S. Chiang","doi":"10.2172/6637766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6637766","url":null,"abstract":"Rod-shaped PZT specimens were sintered with 1 w/o and 5 w/o PbO additives. ZrO/sub 2/ segregations were found in the 1% PbO specimen, and higher PbO segregations were found along the grain boundaries and at grain boundary with no ZrO/sub 2/ segregations in the 5% PbO specimen. On the basis of these microstructural observations and preliminary poling studies sintered thin disc specimens with a 3 w/o PbO additive were prepared for extensive poling studies. It was found that the breakdown limit of a specimen depends strongly on the porosity and the pore distribution. The best specimen (3 w/o PbO) could be poled at a field of 6 kV/mm, a temperature of 100/sup 0/C and a time of 10 minutes without breakdown. The planar coupling coefficient, K/sub p/, under these conditions was immediately after poling equal to 0.62. This value is the highest among the reported K/sub p/ values for pure PZT. Within the breakdown limit, K/sub p/ increases with increase of poling field, temperature and time in a regular manner so that K/sub p/ values for other conditions can be predicted. It was found that the specimen became unstable above 125/sup 0/C even when poled at low fields for shortmore » times. It was also found that a high saturated K/sub p/ value could not be reached at temperatures below 50/sup 0/C even when poled for long times.« less","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73678856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INCREASED STRENGTHENING OF AUSTENITIC ALLOYS THROUGH DUAL AGING","authors":"A. Ma","doi":"10.2172/6550508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6550508","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the effect of solution treatment, single and duplex isothermal aging heat treatments on an Fe-Ni-Ti-Al austenitic alloy hardened by ..gamma..' precipitation is reported. Sequential heat treatments were performed and studied in order to develop a systematic process for achieving very high strength austenite through thermal processing alone. Room temperature tensile tests were carried out. Alloys receiving double aging treatments were found to achieve mechanical properties superior to those aged at a given temperature. An optimum level of yield strength (172 Ksi) along with good elongation (20%) was obtained from a two-step aging process. Structural examination indicated that overaging was retarded by secondary aging. The formation and growth of cellular precipitates were suppressed. Resistivity changes were measured on wire specimens to study the early stages of precipitation. Resistivity peaks were observed during secondary aging indicating evidence of secondary precipitation.","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"75 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91401260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DSM Electricity Savings Potential in the Buildings Sector in APP Countries","authors":"Michael Mcneil","doi":"10.2172/1011507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1011507","url":null,"abstract":"The global economy has grown rapidly over the past decade with a commensurate growth in the demand for electricity services that has increased a country's vulnerability to energy supply disruptions. Increasing need of reliable and affordable electricity supply is a challenge which is before every Asia Pacific Partnership (APP) country. Collaboration between APP members has been extremely fruitful in identifying potential efficiency upgrades and implementing clean technology in the supply side of the power sector as well established the beginnings of collaboration. However, significantly more effort needs to be focused on demand side potential in each country. Demand side management or DSM in this case is a policy measure that promotes energy efficiency as an alternative to increasing electricity supply. It uses financial or other incentives to slow demand growth on condition that the incremental cost needed is less than the cost of increasing supply. Such DSM measures provide an alternative to building power supply capacity The type of financial incentives comprise of rebates (subsidies), tax exemptions, reduced interest loans, etc. Other approaches include the utilization of a cap and trade scheme to foster energy efficiency projects by creating a market where savings are valued. Under this scheme, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the production of electricity are capped and electricity retailers are required to meet the target partially or entirely through energy efficiency activities. Implementation of DSM projects is very much in the early stages in several of the APP countries or localized to a regional part of the country. The purpose of this project is to review the different types of DSM programs experienced by APP countries and to estimate the overall future potential for cost-effective demand-side efficiency improvements in buildings sectors in the 7 APP countries through the year 2030. Overall, the savings potential is estimated to be 1.7 thousand TWh or 21percent of the 2030 projected base case electricity demand. Electricity savings potential ranges from a high of 38percent in India to a low of 9percent in Korea for the two sectors. Lighting, fans, and TV sets and lighting and refrigeration are the largest contributors to residential and commercial electricity savings respectively. This work presents a first estimates of the savings potential of DSM programs in APP countries. While the resulting estimates are based on detailed end-use data, it is worth keeping in mind that more work is needed to overcome limitation in data at this time of the project.","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84361080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Target Allocation Methodology for China's Provinces: Energy Intensity in the 12th FIve-Year Plan","authors":"Stephanie Ohshita, L. Price","doi":"10.2172/1011510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1011510","url":null,"abstract":"China 12 FYP Intensity Target Allocation th E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Target Allocation Methodology for China’s Provinces: Energy Intensity in the 12 th Five-Year Plan Stephanie Ohshita, Lynn Price Energy Analysis Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory TIAN Zhiyu Energy Research Institute March 2011 This work was supported by the China Sustainable Energy Program of the Energy Foundation through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72731439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LOCOMOTIVE DATA ACQUISITION PACKAGE","authors":"R. Abbott","doi":"10.2172/1163611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1163611","url":null,"abstract":"lBl-7945 UC-96 I K.Abbott Kirsten Mullen mer I I I Locomo/ive Dolo Recorder Mognel!c Tope Playback Unit Commercial Telephone Lines Off-Site Digital Computer GraphicalOulpul Large Prinlours Computer Terminal Reduced 0010 r Not to be taken from this room Prepared for the U. S. Department of Transportation under Interagency Agreement AR-74348 with the U. S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under Contract W-7405-ENG-48.","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84344698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 3D Vector Potential, Magnetic Field and Stored Energy in a Thin cos2 theta Coil Array","authors":"S. Caspi","doi":"10.2172/1011371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1011371","url":null,"abstract":"The vector potential and the magnetic field have been derived for an arrays of quadrupole magnets with thin Cos(2{theta}) current sheet placed at r = R.{sup bc}. The field strength of each coil within the array, varies purely as a Fourier sinusoidal series of the longidutinal coordinate z in proportion to {omega}{sub m}z, where {omega}{sub m} = (2m-1){pi}/L, L denotes the half-period, and m = 1,2,3 etc. The analysis is based on the expansion of the vector potential in the region external to the windings of a linear 3D quad, and a revision of that expansion by the application of the 'Addition Theorem' from that around the coil center to that around any arbitrary point in space.","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77877346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROPATTERNED ELECTRODE FOR STUDIES OF ZINC ELECTRODEPOSITION","authors":"D. P. Sutija","doi":"10.2172/7088787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/7088787","url":null,"abstract":"LBL-22576 c DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROPATTERNED ELECTRODE FOR STUDIES OF ZINC ELECTRODEPOSITION D.P. Sutija*, R.H. Muller, and C.W. Tobias (*M.S. Thesis) December 1986 TWO-WEEK LOAN COpy This is a Library Circulating Copy may be borrowed for two weeks. Prepared for the U.S. Oepartment of Energy under Contract OE-AC03-76SF00098","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81190050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bottom-up Representation of Industrial Energy Efficiency Technologies in Integrated Assessment Models for the Cement Sector","authors":"E. Orlando, J. Sathaye, Tengfang T. Xu, Christie Galitsky","doi":"10.2172/1011103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1011103","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of efficient end-use technologies is one of the key measures for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. How to effectively analyze and manage the costs associated with GHG reductions becomes extremely important for the industry and policy makers around the world. Energy-climate (EC) models are often used for analyzing the costs of reducing GHG emissions for various emission-reduction measures, because an accurate estimation of these costs is critical for identifying and choosing optimal emission reduction measures, and for developing related policy options to accelerate market adoption and technology implementation. However, accuracies of assessing of GHG-emission reduction costs by taking into account the adoption of energy efficiency technologies will depend on how well these end-use technologies are represented in integrated assessment models (IAM) and other energy-climate models.","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91302563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Austin's Home Performance with Energy Star Program: Making a Compelling Offer to a Financial Institution Partner","authors":"M. Zimring","doi":"10.2172/1011105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1011105","url":null,"abstract":"March 18, 2011 Austin’s Home Performance with Energy Star Program: Making a Compelling Offer to a Financial Institution Partner Launched in 2006, over 8,700 residential energy upgrades have been completed through Austin Energy’s Home Performance with Energy Star (HPwES) program. 1 The program’s lending partner, Velocity Credit Union (VCU) has originated almost 1,800 loans, totaling approximately $12.5 million. Residential energy efficiency loans are typically small, and expensive to originate and service relative to larger financing products. National lenders have been hesitant to deliver attractive loan products to this small, but growing, residential market. In response, energy efficiency programs have found ways to partner with local and regional banks, credit unions, community development finance institutions (CDFIs) and co-ops to deliver energy efficiency financing to homeowners. VCU’s experience with the Austin Energy HPwES program highlights the potential benefits of energy efficiency programs to a lending partner. Encouraging Home Energy Upgrades in Austin The city of Austin, Texas has been operating residential energy efficiency programs since 1982. In 2006, Austin Energy (AE), the nation’s ninth largest community-owned public utility, launched a Home Performance with Energy Star (HPwES) program. Over 8,700 energy upgrades have been completed through this initiative to date. HPwES participants may choose rebates of up to 20 percent of the upgrade’s cost or low-interest unsecured financing through the program’s partner, Velocity Credit Union. 1 Austin Energy buys down the interest rate on these loans to between 0 and 6 percent depending on the This is the second in a series of LBNL Clean Energy Program Policy Briefs. Using case studies, these working papers highlight emerging program models, important issues that new programs face, and how these issues are being addressed. The work described in this Policy Brief was funded by the Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231. Please direct questions or comments to Mark Zimring (mzimring@lbl.gov). DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Gove","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83074749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor-Outdoor Air Leakage of Apartments and Commercial Buildings","authors":"P. Price","doi":"10.2172/1010623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1010623","url":null,"abstract":"LBNL-60682 INDOOR-OUTDOOR AIR LEAKAGE OF APARTMENTS AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS Price, P.N.; Shehabi, A.; Chan, R.W.; Gadgil, A.J. Environmental Energy Technologies Division Indoor Environment Department Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 June 2006 This work was supported by the California Energy Commission through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88369470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}