Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory最新文献

{"title":"PACE Status Update","authors":"M. Zimring, Ian M. Hoffman, Merrian C. Fuller","doi":"10.2172/1016372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1016372","url":null,"abstract":"AUGUST 11, 2010 PACE Status Update By Mark Zimring, Ian Hoffman and Merrian Fuller The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) regulates Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the 12 Federal Home Loan Banks (the government-sponsored enterprises – GSEs). On July 6, 2010, FHFA and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) concluded that Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) 1 programs “present significant safety and soundness concerns” to the housing finance industry. 2 This statement came after a year of discussions with state and federal agencies in which PACE, a novel mechanism for financing energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements, has gone from receiving support from the White House, 3 canonization as one of Scientific American’s “World Changing Ideas” 4 and legislative adoption in 24 states to questionable relevance, at least in the residential sector. Whether PACE resumes its expansion as an innovative tool for financing energy efficiency and clean generation depends on outcomes in each of the three branches of government – discussions on a PACE pilot phase among federal agencies, litigation in federal court, and legislation in Congress – all highly uncertain. This policy brief addresses the practical impacts of these possible outcomes on existing and emerging PACE programs across the United States and potential paths forward. The work described in this Policy Brief was funded by the Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California. Similar programs carry a variety of names: Voluntary Environmental Improvement Bond (VEIB) programs; Energy Loan Tax Assessment Programs (ELTAPs); and Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy Contracting Assessment District (E- CAD). http://www.fhfa.gov/webfiles/15884/PACESTMT7610.pdf The White House’s October 2009 Recovery Through Retrofit Report is avai","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79643710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for Low Carbon Growth In India: Industry and Non Residential Sectors","authors":"J. Sathaye, Stephane de la Rue du Can, M. Iyer, Michael Mcneil, K. Kramer, J. Roy, M. Roy, Shreya Roy Chowdhury","doi":"10.2172/1016369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1016369","url":null,"abstract":"This report analyzed the potential for increasing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in the non-residential building and the industrial sectors in India. The first two sections describe the research and analysis supporting the establishment of baseline energy consumption using a bottom up approach for the non residential sector and for the industry sector respectively. The third section covers the explanation of a modeling framework where GHG emissions are projected according to a baseline scenario and alternative scenarios that account for the implementation of cleaner technology.","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85658829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techniques for measuring circumsolar radiation","authors":"A. Hunt","doi":"10.2172/6417212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6417212","url":null,"abstract":"LBL-8345 UC-37 (l_y I TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY Circulating Copy This is a Library d f r two wed~s. be borrowe o which may , copy call l retention For a persona, , , t.. lnfo D IOI·S·Ion, Ext... T ecn. ~ECEIVEO LAWRENCE BERKEI..r · . ' .. ··: '' I?'' DEc Ll8k' tt. 107o QOCUMENT& bt.C'rtON Techniques for Measuring Circumsolar Radiation A.]. Hunt, D. F. Grether and M. Wahlig October 1977 University of California/Berkeley Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48 r tp r 0ffi I","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84001817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING INTELLIGENT ACCESS TO A PETROLEUM USER DATABASE","authors":"S. Rosenberg","doi":"10.2172/6244248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6244248","url":null,"abstract":"To be presented at the 6th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Tokyo, Japan, August 20-24, 1979 LBL-8720 A KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING INTELLIGENT ACCESS TO A PETROLEUM USER DATABASE Steven Rosenberg January 1979 Prepared for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48 f TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79001376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELLIPSOMETRY OF SURFACE LAYERS ON LEAD AND LITHIUM","authors":"Richard D. Peters","doi":"10.2172/6604406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6604406","url":null,"abstract":"An automatic self-compensating ellipsometer was used to study anodic and corrosion films on lead exposed to sulfuric acid and lithium to water. Acid concentrations were 1.3, 3.1 and 5 M. Anodic current densities for lead ranged from 0.01 mA/cm/sup 2/ to 1.3 mA/cm/sup 2/, and mass transport conditions included free convection and forced convection. Scanning electron micrographs of the resulting surfaces were also made. A computer interpretation of ellipsometer measurements assumes the formation of up to six layers and applies a continuous mass balance. Seven to nine parameters describing the mechanism and structure of surface layers are derived by multidimensional fitting of the measurements. A solution mechanism of film formation on lead is indicated by the dependence of film properties on factors that influence the interfacial concentration of reaction products. A colloidal or polymerized phase of PbSO/sub 4/ suspended in the solution is postulated on the basis of observed mass balances and interfacial solution refractive indices. Kinetic parameters describing the corrosion of lead, evaluated from ellipsometer measurements, are consistent with those reported in the literature. The lead electrode was found to be protected from corrosion during an open circuit potential of -.6 V vs Hg/HgSO/sub 4/ (basic sulfate). Cathodic reductionmore » of PbSO/sub 4/ films terminates with the onset of H2 evolution before complete conversion of the sulfate. Changes in kinetic parameters of cathodic electrode reactions which result in preferred H2 evolution are indicated by this observation. The formation of optically absorbing films was observed in the reaction of lithium with water vapor. 44 figures, 16 tables.« less","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87275228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIXTH QUARTERLY REPORT OF RESEARCH ON CuxS - (Cd,Zn)S PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY CONVERTERS","authors":"B. Chin","doi":"10.2172/6357466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6357466","url":null,"abstract":"TWO-WEEK lOAN COPY This is a library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Diu is ion, Ext. 6782","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79047995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Permanent-Magnet Microwave Ion Source for a Compact High-Yield Neutron Generator","authors":"O. Waldmann","doi":"10.1063/1.3586145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3586145","url":null,"abstract":"We present recent work on the development of a microwave ion source that will be used in a high-yield compact neutron generator for active interrogation applications. The sealed tube generator will be capable of producing high neutron yields, 5x1011 n/s for D-T and ~;;1x1010 n/s for D-D reactions, while remaining transportable. We constructed a microwave ion source (2.45 GHz) with permanent magnets to provide the magnetic field strength of 87.5 mT necessary for satisfying the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) condition. Microwave ion sources can produce high extracted beam currents at the low gas pressures required for sealed tube operation and at lower power levels than previously used RF-driven ion sources. A 100 mA deuterium/tritium beam will be extracted through a large slit (60x6 mm2) to spread the beam power over a larger target area. This paper describes the design of the permanent-magnet microwave ion source and discusses the impact of the magnetic field design on the source performance. The required equivalent proton beam current density of 40 mA/cm2 was extracted at a moderate microwave power of 400 W with an optimized magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81768753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Magnetic Grains in Co80Pt20:Oxide Thin Films Probed by X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism","authors":"W. Zhang","doi":"10.1063/1.3596516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3596516","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Magnetic Grains in Co 80 Pt 20 :Oxide Thin Films Probed by X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism W. Zhang 1 , S. A. Morton 2 , P. K. J. Wong 1, * , X. F. Hu 1 , E. Arenholz 2 , B. Lu 3 , T. Y. Cheng 1 , Y. B. Xu 1, † , and G. van der Laan 4 Spintronics and Nanodevice Laboratory, Department of Electronics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, US Diamond Light Source, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK Abstract Using angle-dependent X-ray magnetic circular dichroism we have measured magnetic hysteresis loops at the CoL 2,3 edges of oxide-doped Co 80 Pt 20 thin films. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) of the Co atoms, which is the main source of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the CoPt magnetic grains, has beendetermined directly from these element-specific hysteresis loops. When the oxide volume fraction (OVF) is increased from 16.6% to 20.7%, the Co MAE has been found to decrease from 0.117 meV/atom to 0.076 meV/atom.While a larger OVF helps to achieve a smaller grain size, it reduces the magnetocrystalline anisotropyas demonstrated unambiguously from the direct Co MAE measurements.Our results suggest that thoseCo 80 Pt 20 :oxide films with OVF between 19.1% and20.7%aresuitable candidates for high-density magnetic recording. Present address: MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. Corresponding author: yx2@ohm.york.ac.uk","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76492277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND REDUCING COSTS IN THE DRINKING WATER SUPPLY INDUSTRY: An ENERGY STAR Resource Guide for Energy and Plant Managers","authors":"Moya Melody Camilla Dunham Whitehead Rich Brown","doi":"10.2172/1016002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1016002","url":null,"abstract":"As American drinking water agencies face higher production costs, demand, and energy prices, they seek opportunities to reduce costs without negatively affecting the quality of the water they deliver. This guide describes resources for cost-effectively improving the energy efficiency of U.S. public drinking water facilities. The guide (1) describes areas of opportunity for improving energy efficiency in drinking water facilities; (2) provides detailed descriptions of resources to consult for each area of opportunity; (3) offers supplementary suggestions and information for the area; and (4) presents illustrative case studies, including analysis of cost-effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89743580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOISE AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE dc SQUID","authors":"C. Tesche","doi":"10.2172/6255325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6255325","url":null,"abstract":".. RECElvtl l ElY Tlr. MAY 29 19ft LBL-8510 MASTER NOISE AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE de SQUID Claudia Denke Tesehc (Ph. D. thes is) November Prepared for the U. S. Department c Ellerov under Contract W-7405-ENG-48","PeriodicalId":17982,"journal":{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73662573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}