Lens and eye toxicity research最新文献_第3页

Cataract in renal transplantation recipients with combination ciclosporin treatment. 联合环孢素治疗肾移植受者白内障。

Lens and eye toxicity research Pub Date : 1992-01-01

K Nishimoto, K Sasaki, T Yamamura, I Ishikawa, A Shinoda

引用次数: 0

Alternatives to ocular irritation testing in animals. 动物眼刺激试验的替代方法。

Lens and eye toxicity research Pub Date : 1992-01-01

K A Atkinson, J H Fentem, R H Clothier, M Balls

引用次数: 0

In vivo assessment of corneal stromal toxicity by tandem scanning confocal microscopy. 串联扫描共聚焦显微镜在体内评价角膜基质毒性。

Lens and eye toxicity research Pub Date : 1992-01-01

S J Chew, R W Beuerman, H E Kaufman

{"title":"In vivo assessment of corneal stromal toxicity by tandem scanning confocal microscopy.","authors":"S J Chew, R W Beuerman, H E Kaufman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Epithelial wound closure following superficial corneal abrasions precipitates a complex series of cellular changes in the stroma. Transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy have demonstrated that keratocytes in the anterior stroma show prominent cytoplasmic process and granularity within an hour after this injury. Cell degeneration follows rapidly, with almost complete depletion of these keratocytes by 6-12 hours. Regeneration then occurs by 24-48 hours. These findings were confirmed in-vivo by tandem-scanning confocal light microscopy in rabbits. The optical sectioning capability of this instrument allowed us to demonstrate the three-dimensional array of fibroblast process, their subsequent condensation, and loss by sequential examinations on the same animals. Cell shrinkage and other fixation artifacts common in corneal histological sections were avoided by this technique. Using this method, we investigated the corneal cytotoxicity of an antimitotic agent, mitomycin-C and a muscarinic antagonist, atropine sulphate. Mitomycin-C, an antimetabolite used in pterygium treatment, led to irreversible keratocyte depletion even after four days of observation. However, cellular reaction to the wound were attenuated by atropine sulphate suggesting that it may be useful as a novel inhibitor of fibroblast proliferation.","PeriodicalId":17964,"journal":{"name":"Lens and eye toxicity research","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"275-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12476377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Status of in vitro ocular irritation testing. 体外眼刺激试验的现状。

Lens and eye toxicity research Pub Date : 1992-01-01

A M Goldberg, P M Silber

引用次数: 0

Effect of Gingko biloba extract (EGb 761) on chloroquine induced retinal alterations. 银杏叶提取物(EGb 761)对氯喹诱导的视网膜改变的影响。

Lens and eye toxicity research Pub Date : 1992-01-01

M T Droy-Lefaix, J C Vennat, G Besse, M Doly

引用次数: 0

The potential ocular phototoxicity of antidepressant drugs. 抗抑郁药物潜在的眼部光毒性。

Lens and eye toxicity research Pub Date : 1992-01-01

R H Wang, J Dillon, C Reme, R Whitt, J E Roberts

引用次数: 0

Inhibition of vincristine-induced retinal impairments by a specific PAF antagonist. 特异性PAF拮抗剂对长春新碱诱导的视网膜损伤的抑制作用。

Lens and eye toxicity research Pub Date : 1992-01-01

M Doly, M Millerin, B Bonhomme, M T Droy-Lefaix, P Braquet

引用次数: 0

The status of eye irritancy testing: a regulatory perspective. 眼刺激测试的现状:监管视角。

Lens and eye toxicity research Pub Date : 1992-01-01

N L Wilcox

{"title":"The status of eye irritancy testing: a regulatory perspective.","authors":"N L Wilcox","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Eye irritation testing is a salient public issue and continues to escalate on the public agenda. Issues relevant to this milieu include legislative proposals to ban animal use for cosmetic testing, adequacy of the current standard (viz., the Draize Eye Irritancy Test), availability of non-animal methodologies, validation paradigm for new testing models, international harmonization of testing standards and methods, and the regulatory role in product testing and enforcement. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) feels that enactment of legislation proposed to ban animal use from testing products for safety would pose serious problems from a public health perspective. FDA encourages the development of alternative test methods and is aware that many such tests are in various stages of evolution. At this time, however, none of these tests has been accepted by the scientific community as total replacement to the Draize test. FDA's basic positions on the use of non-animal alternatives are as follows: 1) The use of animal tests by industry to establish the safety of regulated products is necessary to minimize the risks from such products to humans, 2) The Draize eye irritancy test is currently the most valuable and reliable method for evaluating the hazard or safety of a substance introduced into or around the human eye, and 3) No non-animal tests are presently available to completely replace the Draize. FDA is actively involved with U.S. and international groups to harmonize protocols for product development, evaluate the current status of non-whole animal methodologies, and standardize testing requirements. The Agency has recently participated in several scientific symposia evaluating the status of non-whole animal methods in toxicity testing. Moreover, FDA representatives are currently scheduled to participate in international meetings and workshops planned for the immediate future addressing several issues in product safety determination.","PeriodicalId":17964,"journal":{"name":"Lens and eye toxicity research","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"259-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12476376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative investigations on the cataractogenic effect of a triazin-derivative in albino and pigmented rats: II. Effects documented by Scheimpflug photography. 一种三嗪衍生物对白化大鼠和色素大鼠致白内障作用的比较研究。由Scheimpflug摄影记录的效果。

Lens and eye toxicity research Pub Date : 1992-01-01

A Wegener, R Eiben

{"title":"Comparative investigations on the cataractogenic effect of a triazin-derivative in albino and pigmented rats: II. Effects documented by Scheimpflug photography.","authors":"A Wegener, R Eiben","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A Triazin-derivative from a group of industrial chemicals was found to cause cataracts in albino rats during a subchronic toxicity study. To get more insight into this effect, a study was designed with 20 albino (Wistar) and 40 pigmented (black-hooded FB 30) rats using different dosages of the test compound. In a 3 months study period, all rats were photographed with a Scheimpflug camera TOPCON SL-45 3 times, at a baseline examination, prior to any treatment, in the middle and at the end of the study period, prior to sacrifice. The black-and-white film (Kodak T-Max 400R) was standardly developed and evaluated with a Joyce-Loebl microdensitometer in 3 regions of the lens, the capsule, the cortex and the nucleus. The density data from the second and third examination clearly demonstrate that cataract development in the albino rats takes place in the cortical region, whereas in the pigmented rats it takes place in the cortical and partly in the nuclear region. In addition, one albino and two pigmented animals of the groups investigated developed bilateral mature cataracts. Differences in cataract morphology between albino and pigmented rats are presented by Eiben and Wegener (1). The results underline the importance of toxicity testings in pigmented rats, they evidence that the data derived solely from albino animals can be misleading.","PeriodicalId":17964,"journal":{"name":"Lens and eye toxicity research","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"321-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12476380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alterations in lens permeability during galactose cataract development in rat. 半乳糖性白内障大鼠晶状体通透性的改变。

Lens and eye toxicity research Pub Date : 1992-01-01

M J Johnson, N J Unakar

{"title":"Alterations in lens permeability during galactose cataract development in rat.","authors":"M J Johnson, N J Unakar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Lens permeability has been shown to be compromised during galactose-induced cataract development in rats. Recent studies have demonstrated permeability and diffusion pathways as well as endocytotic activity in normal lenses of different species using tracers of different molecular weights. We investigated the permeability and diffusion of tracers in normal rat lenses and in lenses during cataract development using three different molecular weight tracers, lanthanum nitrate (LN, MW 430), ruthenium red (RR, MW 858.5) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP, MW 40.000) for this study. Sprague Dawley rats weighing 50gms were fed Purina Rat Chow with or without galactose. Our results, based on transmission electron microscopy, show that all tracers penetrated through the capsule and the basal portion of the intercellular spaces. While the diffusion of RR was restricted to the epithelial cell layer, LN and HRP were observed in intercellular spaces in cortical fiber cells. In the HRP \"washout\" studies, HRP could be readily removed from the intercellular spaces in the basal region in the epithelial cell layer. This and other observations suggest the presence of a barrier (tight-junction) in the apical region. Our studies also suggest an influx of tracers in the lens, specifically LN and HRP, through the equatorial region. The permeability of the tracers increased and endocytotic vesicles with tracers were often found associated with the lateral and basal membranes of epithelial cells in the galactose-fed rats at the precataractous and mature cataractous stages. This study provides further support for the presence of a tight-junction between epithelial cells and indicates the movement of tracers through the equatorial region. Moreover, it confirms previous observations that indicated alterations in lens permeability during galactose cataractogenesis.","PeriodicalId":17964,"journal":{"name":"Lens and eye toxicity research","volume":"9 2","pages":"93-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12547713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0