{"title":"Achieving Appropriate Test Coverage for Reliable Measurement-Based Timing Analysis","authors":"S. Law, I. Bate","doi":"10.1109/ECRTS.2016.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECRTS.2016.21","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing Worst Case Execution Times (WCET) using Measurement-Based Timing Analysis (MBTA) is only effective if we have reasonable confidence that we have fed the worst case execution trace into the analysis. Therefore for certification, the quality of these traces is of paramount importance. This paper aims to investigate how search algorithms can be used to automatically, and reliably, generate test cases so that appropriate execution traces are available to support MBTA. The work carried out in this paper uses a standard search algorithm and created a number of fitness functions to target the generation of 'good data'. The results are then input into a commercial measurement-based WCET analysis tool. The new fitness functions focus on achieving a combination of full branch coverage and a high number of loop counts, or partial path coverage, however are shown to achieve reliable approximations of the WCET particularly when combined with an MBTA tool. The code items used for the analysis included off the shelf benchmarks, as well as industrial safety-critical aircraft engine control software.","PeriodicalId":178974,"journal":{"name":"2016 28th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125535210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Aftab Rashid, Geoffrey Nelissen, D. Hardy, B. Akesson, I. Puaut, E. Tovar
{"title":"Cache-Persistence-Aware Response-Time Analysis for Fixed-Priority Preemptive Systems","authors":"Syed Aftab Rashid, Geoffrey Nelissen, D. Hardy, B. Akesson, I. Puaut, E. Tovar","doi":"10.1109/ECRTS.2016.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECRTS.2016.25","url":null,"abstract":"A task can be preempted by several jobs of higher priority tasks during its response time. Assuming the worst-case memory demand for each of these jobs leads to pessimistic worst-case response time (WCRT) estimations. Indeed, there is a big chance that a large portion of the instructions and data associated with the preempting task Tj are still available in the cache when Tj releases its next jobs. Accounting for this observation allows the pessimism of WCRT analysis to be significantly reduced, which is not considered by existing work. The four main contributions of this paper are: 1) The concept of persistent cache blocks is introduced in the context of WCRT analysis, which allows re-use of cache blocks to be captured,2) A cache-persistence-aware WCRT analysis for fixed-priority preemptive systems exploiting the PCBs to reduce the WCRT bound, 3) A multi-set extension of the analysis that further improves the WCRT bound and 4) An evaluation showing that our cache-persistence-aware WCRT analysis results in up to 10%higher schedulability than state-of-the-art approaches.","PeriodicalId":178974,"journal":{"name":"2016 28th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS)","volume":"376 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114883728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixed-Criticality Scheduling with I/O","authors":"Eric S. Missimer, Katherine Missimer, R. West","doi":"10.1109/ECRTS.2016.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECRTS.2016.13","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of scheduling tasks with differentcriticality levels in the presence of I/O requests. In mixed-criticalityscheduling, higher criticality tasks are given precedence over those of lowercriticality when it is impossible to guarantee the schedulability of alltasks. While mixed-criticality scheduling has gained attention in recentyears, most approaches typically assume a periodic task model. Thisassumption does not always hold in practice, especially for real-time andembedded systems that perform I/O. In prior work, we developed ascheduling technique in the Quest real-time operating system, which integratesthe time-budgeted management of I/O operations with Sporadic Server schedulingof tasks. This paper extends our previous scheduling approach with support formixed-criticality tasks and I/O requests on the same processing core. Resultsshow that in a real implementation the mixed-criticality scheduling methodintroduced in this paper outperforms a scheduling approach consisting of onlySporadic Servers.","PeriodicalId":178974,"journal":{"name":"2016 28th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS)","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130359015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Partitioned Multiprocessor Fixed-Priority Scheduling of Sporadic Real-Time Tasks","authors":"Jian-Jia Chen","doi":"10.1109/ECRTS.2016.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECRTS.2016.26","url":null,"abstract":"Partitioned multiprocessor scheduling has been widely accepted in academia and industry to statically assign and partition real-time tasks onto identical multiprocessor systems. This paper studies fixed-priority partitioned multiprocessor scheduling for sporadic real-time systems, in which deadline-monotonic scheduling is applied on each processor. Prior to this paper, the best known results are by Fisher, Baruah, and Baker with speedup factors 4-2/M and 3-1/M for arbitrary-deadline and constrained-deadline sporadic real-time task systems, respectively, where M is the number of processors. We show that a greedy mapping strategy has a speedup factor 3-1/M when considering task systems with arbitrary deadlines. Such a factor holds for polynomial-time schedulability tests and exponential-time (exact) schedulability tests. Moreover, we also improve the speedup factor to 2.84306 when considering constrained-deadline task systems. We also provide tight examples when the fitting strategy in the mapping stage is arbitrary and M is sufficiently large. For both constrained-and arbitrary-deadline task systems, the analytical result surprisingly shows that using exact tests does not gain theoretical benefits (with respect to speedup factors) if the speedup factor analysis is oblivious of the particular fitting strategy used.","PeriodicalId":178974,"journal":{"name":"2016 28th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134433540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}