Kidney Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Future Therapy for End-Stage Kidney Failure: Gene-Edited Pig Kidney Xenotransplantation.","authors":"Liaoran Wang, Maho Terashita, Kohei Kinoshita, Akihiro Maenaka, Ivy A Rosales, David K C Cooper","doi":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In patients with end-stage kidney disease, kidney transplantation from a living or deceased human donor offers a much-improved quality and length of life. Gene-edited pigs might provide an alternative source of kidneys for clinical transplantation (xenotransplantation). The major pathobiological barriers to successful pig kidney xenotransplantation have steadily been overcome by the following methods: (1) genetic engineering of the organ-source pig and (2) the administration of novel immunosuppressive agents. Pig kidney transplants have now supported immunosuppressed (anephric) nonhuman primates for periods in excess of a year, although this cannot be achieved consistently. The pig kidney graft can fulfill almost all of the functional requirements of a human kidney. The potential risks of infection with a pig microorganism will be minimized by the breeding and housing of the organ-source pigs in biosecure \"clean\" environments. For the first formal clinical trial, we suggest that diabetic patients on the waiting list aged 55-65 years with blood group O or B who are unlikely ever to receive a deceased human donor kidney might accept a pig kidney if it will negate the need for dialysis for 1 or more years.</p>","PeriodicalId":17885,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Medicine","volume":"7 8","pages":"101041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aldosterone Breakthrough for the Prediction of Treatment Response to Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists.","authors":"Ahmed Rateb Imcaoudene, Caroline Najjar, Pedro Marques, Michael A Tsoukas, Abhinav Sharma, Thomas A Mavrakanas","doi":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17885,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Medicine","volume":"7 8","pages":"101040"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diagnostic Performance of Screening Instruments for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Kevin Wang, Andrea Razcόn Echeagaray, Sandra M Campbell, Clara Bohm, Karthik Tennankore, Stephanie Thompson, Aminu K Bello, Neesh Pannu, Lavanya Bathini, Mark McIsaac, Scott Klarenbach, David Collister","doi":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale & objective: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia disproportionately affect people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure. Screening instruments can accurately identify cognitive impairment in the general population, but their performance in the setting of kidney disease is unclear. We aimed to summarize the performance of screening instruments for cognitive impairment in adults with CKD or kidney failure.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Setting & study populations: </strong>Adults with CKD or kidney failure (dialysis or kidney transplantation).</p><p><strong>Selection criteria for studies: </strong>Studies published in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO through October 2022, evaluating the diagnostic performance of cognitive screening instruments compared to a neuropsychological battery gold standard.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Study characteristics including population, screening instrument, gold standard, operating characteristics including sensitivity, specificity, odds ratio, and optimal cutoffs were extracted by 2 investigators. Conflicts were resolved through discussion with another reviewer.</p><p><strong>Analytical approach: </strong>Random-effects models estimated pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUality Assessment instrument for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 10 studies involving >1,800 participants with CKD or kidney failure. The most frequently evaluated screening instruments were the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental Status Examination. For MCI/dementia, the MoCA had the best diagnostic performance using a cutoff of 24, with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.98) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.35-0.85), respectively. Without any specific cutoff, the Mini-Mental Status Examination had a pooled sensitivity of 0.48 (95% CI, 0.28-0.69) and pooled specificity of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.78-0.99).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Small number of studies, absence of kidney transplantation and hemodiafiltration populations, selective reporting of operating characteristics for optimal cutoffs, and high degree of statistical heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although further research is needed to evaluate the operating characteristics of MCI/dementia screening instruments in CKD, dialysis, and kidney transplantation, based on the current evidence, we recommend using the MoCA with a threshold of 24.</p>","PeriodicalId":17885,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Medicine","volume":"7 8","pages":"101037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Long COVID: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Marcella M Frediani, Heitor S Ribeiro, Geraldo F Busatto, Carlos R R Carvalho, Emmanuel A Burdmann","doi":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale & objective: </strong>Whether long coronavirus disease (long COVID) affects the kidneys remains to be understood. In this scoping review, we described the evidence of renal long COVID.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and other databases from inception until February 2025.</p><p><strong>Setting & study populations: </strong>We included evidence on kidney-related outcomes in adult survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with data on long COVID.</p><p><strong>Selection criteria for studies: </strong>Cohorts from all settings.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>We extracted data related to longitudinal kidney outcomes.</p><p><strong>Analytical approach: </strong>Data were synthesized and presented in tables and figures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We screened 6,203 studies and included 37 in this review (38 reports), comprising 1,308,265 individuals with follow-up data. The majority were retrospective (61%) and from Europe (37%). All reports included hospitalized patients and 34% also included the community setting. Acute kidney injury (AKI) during acute COVID-19 phase was assessed in 58% of the reports. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) development was assessed in 29% of the reports, with wide variation in its frequency, ranging from 0.4%-45%. Progression of CKD (7 studies, 18%) ranged from 8%-49%. Studies reporting higher frequencies of AKI found larger rates of renal long COVID. Overall, there was high heterogeneity in how kidney-related outcomes were reported during follow-up. Most studies presented data on crude kidney function biomarkers (eg, serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate), while a few (13%) reported major adverse kidney events. Data on proteinuria or urinary biomarkers were scarce.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Lack of studies with pre-COVID-19 data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This scoping review highlighted that renal long COVID, characterized by CKD development and/or progression, may occur. Available evidence suggests that AKI may be associated with renal long COVID. Therefore, long-term kidney function monitoring is advisable after COVID-19 recovery to enable early diagnosis and timely intervention for CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":17885,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Medicine","volume":"7 8","pages":"101039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Implications of Striated Nephrogram in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Cancer.","authors":"Daiana Moreno, Paul E Hanna, Kavita Mistry, Pedram Heidari, Meghan E Sise, Harish Seethapathy","doi":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17885,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Medicine","volume":"7 8","pages":"101038"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Reintervention on Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation and Functional Patency in the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study.","authors":"Erik M Anderson, Thomas S Huber, Dan Neal, Scott A Berceli, Samir K Shah, David H Stone, Salvatore T Scali","doi":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale & objective: </strong>Arteriovenous dialysis fistula (AVF) reinterventions are sought to assist with maturation and/or maintain functional patency; however, their ultimate impact on fistula lifespan remains poorly documented. Furthermore, current clinical practice guidelines lack clarity regarding reintervention paradigms to achieve optimal AVF performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to document reintervention rates and their association with AVF maturation and functional patency among patients enrolled in the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation (HFM) study.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective review of a prospective observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting & participants: </strong>In total, 535 HFM study patients who underwent maturation adjudication across 7 academic centers.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Pre- and postmaturation reinterventions (ie, revisional procedures) for single-stage, upper extremity AVFs.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>AVF reintervention-associated maturation success and functional patency.</p><p><strong>Analytical approach: </strong>Descriptive statistical methods, including Kaplan-Meier methodology, characterized unadjusted reintervention outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 396 (74%) AVFs were successfully used for dialysis, and 37% (N=196 out of 535) underwent 274 reinterventions (181 endovascular, 93 open) to facilitate maturation. Factors associated with prematuration reintervention included female sex, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and elevated body mass index. Following maturation, 47% (N=188 out of 396) of the patients with a functional AVF underwent 477 reinterventions. The postmaturation reintervention clinical success rate was 70% (endovascular 72% [N=312 out of 435]; open 55% [N=23 out of 42]). Assisted maturation AVFs demonstrated inferior functional primary patency (<i>P</i> = 0.002) but equivalent cumulative functional patency (<i>P</i> > 0.9) compared with unassisted maturation fistulas. Postmaturation abandonment rate was 24% (N=95 out of 395).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>AVF management decisions were made by the individual surgeons, so this study cannot account for physician and center selection bias related to access use, remediation, or abandonment. Furthermore, AVFs were exclusively managed at academic institutions, so results may not be generalizable across all health care settings. Finally, prosthetic conduits were not evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AVF reinterventions are common and are not associated with inferior maturation or functional patency rates. Timely remediation should be considered when clinically indicated, although AVFs remain at high-risk for subsequent reinterventions, with durable outcomes requiring meticulous surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17885,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Medicine","volume":"7 8","pages":"101036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Hepatic Iron and Fat in Hemodialysis Patients: A Quantitative MRI Analysis.","authors":"Haijuan Lv, Yu Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Hu Liu, Hongwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale & objective: </strong>Hepatic iron overload and steatosis are common in hemodialysis patients with anemia who are receiving iron therapy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hepatic iron overload and steatosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while also measuring iron content in extrahepatic organs.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting & participants: </strong>Fifty-three hemodialysis patients with anemia and a history of iron therapy, along with 45 healthy controls, were recruited from a single center between July 2023 and February 2024.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>All participants underwent 3T MRI with mDIXON-Quant sequences to measure R2∗ and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) values in the liver, pancreas, spleen, and vertebral bone marrow.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The primary outcome was the correlation between hepatic R2∗ and PDFF. Secondary analyses evaluated the distribution of iron and fat in extrahepatic organs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Severe hepatic iron overload (R2∗ > 70.1 s^-1) was observed in 52.8% of patients. Among these patients, hepatic R2∗ was strongly correlated with PDFF (<i>r</i> = 0.67, <i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas a weaker correlation was noted in nonsevere cases (<i>r</i> = 0.16, <i>P</i> = 0.43). Serum ferritin levels were highly correlated with R2∗ in the liver (<i>r</i> = 0.87, <i>P</i> < 0.001), pancreas (<i>r</i> = 0.71, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and spleen (<i>r</i> = 0.78, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This single-center study included a relatively small sample size, lacked adjustment for potential confounders, and did not include long-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe hepatic iron overload is closely associated with elevated liver fat content in hemodialysis patients. These MRI findings may inform more personalized iron therapy strategies by enabling a comprehensive assessment of both hepatic and extrahepatic iron deposition, potentially mitigating treatment-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17885,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Medicine","volume":"7 8","pages":"101035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Kidney Function and Incident Stroke and Dementia Using an Updated Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Equation Without Race: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis”","authors":"Paul T. Williams PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17885,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Medicine","volume":"7 6","pages":"Article 101033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: “Kidney Biopsy-Proven Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Kidney Diseases and Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Dialysis: The REIN Registry” by Ingwiller et al.","authors":"Hiroki Ito MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17885,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Medicine","volume":"7 6","pages":"Article 101031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Management of CKD-Associated Pruritus: Results From a Multinational Survey of Kidney Units","authors":"Sreeram Venugopal ,&nbsp;Daniel V. O’Hara ,&nbsp;Neeru Agarwal ,&nbsp;Barnaby D. Hole ,&nbsp;Charlotte M. Snead ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Stallworthy ,&nbsp;Fergus J. Caskey ,&nbsp;Kathryn Ducharlet ,&nbsp;Brendan Smyth","doi":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101028","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Rationale &amp; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKDaP) is a distressing symptom affecting a significant proportion of people with advanced kidney disease. There are many studies of varying quality in the literature testing a wide variety of CKDaP therapies and no evidence-based consensus guidelines for management. We aimed to describe the breadth of treatments in use for CKDaP in real-world practice.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A cross-sectional online survey.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Setting &amp; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kidney care units in Australia, New Zealand (NZ), and the United Kingdom (UK). Surveyed from April 2022, to December 2022.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Outcomes&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Usage of 28 CKDaP therapies (excluding emollients/moisturizers) was categorized as “first-line,” “second-line,” “refractory symptoms only,” “rarely used,” or “never used.”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Analytical Approach&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Descriptive analysis with differences between categories assessed by Fisher exact test.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;One hundred four responses were received from 171 contacted kidney units (Australia 51 [49%], NZ 6 [6%], and UK 47 [45%]) with an overall response rate of 61%. Including \"other\" responses, 35 treatments were in first-line or second-line use. Gabapentinoids (gabapentin or pregabalin) were the most widely used first-line systemic agent (49 units [47%]), followed by antihistamines (27 [26%]). Menthol was the predominant first-line topical agent (41, [39%]). Significant inter-country disparities were noted: doxepin, evening primrose oil, sertraline, and topical γ-linolenic acid were more frequently used in Australia than in NZ, and the UK, whereas hydroxyzine was preferentially used in UK units (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05). Units with a kidney supportive care service were more likely to use gabapentinoids, 5-hydroxytryptamine&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; receptor antagonists, hydroxyzine, and topical therapies, and less likely to use promethazine (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Limitations&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Difelikefalin was not widely available during the survey period, which may limit generalizability.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;There is considerable variation in the management of CKDaP. Unexplained clinical variation suggests a need for the development of evidence-based guidelines and additional high-quality studies to inform care.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Plain-Language Summary&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;People with chronic kidney disease often experience severe itching, which can significantly affect their well-being. There's no clear consensus on the best approach. This study surveyed 104 kidney care units in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to understand how they treat this condition in practice. More than 35 different treatments were in use as first-line or second-line therapies with wide variation in treatment approaches both between units and countries. The 3 most ","PeriodicalId":17885,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Medicine","volume":"7 7","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}