Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"","authors":"Soran Badawi","doi":"10.24017/science/2023.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science/2023.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in the volume of news articles and headlines being generated, it is becoming more difficult for individuals to keep up with the latest developments and find relevant news articles in the Kurdish language. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel data augmentation approach for improving the performance of Kurdish news headline classification using back-translation and a proposed deep learning Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model. The approach involves generating synthetic training data by translating Kurdish headlines into a target language in this context English language and back-translating them to the Kurdish language, resulting in an augmented dataset. The proposed BiLSTM model is trained on the augmented data and compared with baseline models SVM (Support-Vector-Machines) and Naïve Bayes an trained on the original data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed BiLSTM model outperforms the baseline model and other existing models, achieving state-of-the-art performance on the Kurdish news headline classification task. The findings suggest that the combination of back-translation and a proposed BiLSTM model is a promising approach for data augmentation in low-resource languages, contributing to the advancement of natural language processing in under-resourced languages. Moreover, having a Kurdish news headline classification model can improve access to news and information for Kurdish speakers. With the classification model, they can easily and quickly search for news articles that interest them based on their preferred categories, such as politics, sports, or entertainment.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136255268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional and General Awareness of Vitamin D Status among Adult Population in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"R. Mohammedsalih, Fadhluddin Nasruddin Shakor, Dalia Ardal Ali, Rafiq Mohammedsalih Rashid","doi":"10.24017/science.2023.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2023.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The health benefits of vitamin D are widely acknowledged by scientific and public health specialists. In Iraq, vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy are highly prevalent. However, public knowledge on this problem is scarce. This research aimed to evaluate the participants' knowledge about vitamin D, particularly their nutrition-related understanding and behavior, along with their overall attitude toward sun exposure. A descriptive cross-sectional survey of Iraqi adults over 18 was performed with a collection of serum 25(OH)D result between June and September 2022. The observed serum vitamin D indicated that only 25% of the participant had healthy (>30 ng/ml) vitamin D levels. The majority of participants, 90.9%, were aware of vitamin D. Media and primary health care centers were major vitamin D information sources (57.3 and 32%, respectively). Despite believing sunshine is the principal source of vitamin D (90.2%), respondents lacked understanding about the duration (26.3%) and frequency (30%) of sun exposure. In addition, less than 10% of individuals attributed vitamin D shortage to kidney and liver problems, fat malabsorption, obesity, and bariatric surgery. Nevertheless, more than two-thirds (83.3%) of participants defined the positive role of vitamin D in preventing osteoporosis and immune system strengthening (61%). Furthermore, nutritional awareness among the participants was variable. Approximately, 75% misrepresented the percentage of vitamin D supplied by food, over 50% believed that fruit and vegetables are vitamin D sources, 43% of vegetarians are not at risk for vitamin D deficiency, and rather plants considered (70.3%) as an approach to lessen vitamin D deficiency. Additionally, optimal daily intake was recognized by only 10%. Similarly, only 18.3% was aware of the optimal level of serum vitamin D. Notably, 54% was entirely ignorant of the benefits of dietary fortification. Although 55% of the surveyed population used vitamin D supplements, and 76% acknowledged it through their doctor's recommendation, exceeding two-thirds incorrectly anticipated that drinking tea would impair vitamin D absorption. Therefore, 90% would buy supplements without a prescription if needed. Implementing nutrition education initiatives, encouraging healthy lifestyles, and supporting vitamin D examination should be included in Iraq's health care system.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49318730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress and Coping Among Elderly During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Sulaimanya City in Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Yousif Abdalla Qadr, Azad A. Ismail","doi":"10.24017/science.2023.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2023.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to find out the level of stress and coping methods among elderly in Sulaimanya city during the pandemic COVID-19. Through the snowballing sampling method, 394 elders were included to this study. After validation, two scales were used in this study; stress subscale from Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and a culture-bound scale for determining coping methods. The results of this study showed that participants experienced a mild level of stress. Male participants, elders who live with their family, unvaccinated elders, physically passive elders have had higher stress level than female, elderly home, vaccinated, physical active elders. The findings also indicated that spiritual connection was the most common coping method used by the sample. Results of this study are the first and foremost way to share elder's unexpressed messages; it also can be a way for verbalizing their unspoken feelings. These results may also inform the elder's caregivers that elder's stress level and illness anxiety was not very high, strengthening their social support and spiritual connection may help them to reduce their distress into a lesser degree.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42148432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation and Evaluation of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity and Combination Effects of Vitamin E and C with it on Exposed Male Rats","authors":"Soma I. Majeed, Sulaf Mustafa Mohammed, Ali Mustafa Mohammad","doi":"10.24017/science.2023.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2023.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, MgO nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have been one of the metal oxide nanoparticles that used in various medicinal fields. Despite MgO NPs' widespread use, a little is known regarding their cytotoxic effects on health. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic dose of MgO NPs that prepared by the sol-gel method and the roles of vitamins E and C in the toxicity that is produced by MgO NPs. The MgO NPs were characterized and several amounts (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW) were orally administrated for 28 days to male Wister rats. Toxic dosimetry was evaluated using metal content analysis, hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and serum ROS estimation. Then toxic doses of MgO NPs were administered orally with vitamins E and C, or a combination of them for six weeks, twice a week. The result showed 500 mg/kg bw/day MgO NPs is considered as a toxic and leads to a significant Mg bioaccumulation in the liver (P < 0.001) and significantly increased serum ROS (P<0.001) and histopathological damage in the liver and kidney with an immunologic response. Administration of vitamin E with MgO NPs significantly increased serum ROS and adversely affected blood parameters and histological damage to the liver and kidney. The combination of vitamins E and C with MgO NPs significantly reduced the immunologic response to MgO NPs, but serum ROS levels increased significantly with histopathological damage in vital organs. Vitamin C significantly reduced MgO NPs-induced damage in kidney and liver tissues. In the conclusion, MgO NPs are toxic at high doses. Administration of vitamin E alone or combined vitamin E and C with toxic doses of MgO NPs increases their toxicity. However, vitamin C was shown to be histopathologically protective. Therefore, a serious caution should be considered when vitamins are administered with nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49669810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predict Diabetes Using Voting Classifier and Hyper Tuning Technique","authors":"Chra Ali Kamal, Manal Ali Atiyah","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Today, diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world due to the people’s sedentary lifestyle which led to many health issues like heart attack, kidney frailer and blindness. Additionally, most of the people are unrealizable about the early-stage diabetes symptoms to prevent it. The above reasons were encouraging to develop a diabetes prediction system using machine learning techniques. The Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIDD) was utilized for this framework as it is common and appropriate dataset in .CSV format. While there were not any duplicate or null values, however, some zero values were replaced, four outlier records were removed and data standardization were performed in the dataset. In addition, this project methodology divided into two phases of model selection. In the first phase, two different hyper parameter techniques (Randomized Search and TPOT(autoML)) were used to increase the accuracy level for each algorithm. Then six different algorithms (Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K-nearest neighbor, Support Vector Machine and Naïve Bayes) were applied. In the second phase, the four best performed algorithms (with best estimated parameters for each of them) were chosen and used as an input for the voting classifier, because it applies to find the best algorithm between a group of multiple options.  The result was satisfying, and Random Forest was achieved 98.69% in second stage, while its accuracy level was 81.04% in the previous one and it utilized to predict diabetes via a simple graphic user interface. ","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47377436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney Diseases Classification using Hybrid Transfer-Learning DenseNet201-Based and Random Forest Classifier","authors":"Abdalbasit Mohammed Qadir, Dana Faiq Abd","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"There are several disease kinds in global populations that may be related to human lifestyles, social, genetic, economic, and other factors related to the nature of the country they live in. Most of the recent studies have focused on investigating prevalent diseases that spread in the population in order to minimize mortality risks, choose the best method for treatment, and improve community healthcare. Kidney disease is one of the most widespread health problems in modern society. This study focuses on kidney stones, cysts, and tumors, the three most common types of renal illness, using a dataset of 12,446 CT urogram and whole abdomen images, aiming to move toward an AI-based kidney disease diagnosis system while contributing to the wider field of artificial intelligence research. In this study, a hybrid technique is used by utilizing both pre-train models for feature extraction and classification using machine learning algorithms for the task of kidney disease image diagnosis. The pre-trained model used in this study is the Densenet-201 model. As well as using Random Forest for classification, the Densenet-201-Random-Forest approach has outperformed many of the previous models used in other studies, having an accuracy rate of 99.719 percent.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44879080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAG Expansion in Androgen Receptor Gene of Infertile Men in Erbil Governorate","authors":"Dashne Abdulla Salih, K. Karim","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Spermatogenesis and male phenotypic development during puberty are mainly done by androgen and their function is regulated by the androgen receptor (AR) gene. This gene has a polymorphism site in Exon1 which encode androgen receptor and have various length of CAG trinucleotide repeat which causes the production of polyglutamine chain in different length of the N-terminal domain of AR protein which reduces producing sperm by disrupting spermatogenesis. \u0000The aim is to determine the relation of infertility in male with the increased frequency of CAG repeats in the AR gene, and the correlation between CAG repetition and hormonal changes. \u0000The case-control research was carried out in the Immunogene center and IVF center in the maternity teaching hospital Erbil-Kurdistan region-Iraq. The convenience sample included 50 men, 30 infertile and 20 fertile over one year starting from March 2021 to March 2022.  \u0000Men with infertility had CAG repeats in their AR gene, ranging from (17-26) repeats, with a mean (21.3 ±0.16). In infertile men, CAG expansion was longer than the fertile men. The motility and normal morphology of sperm in infertile men have negative relation while sperm count and concentration have a positive relation with CAG expansion. The relation of hormones (Testosterone, LH, and FSH) with CAG repetition was statistically not significant. \u0000In conclusion, CAG expansion was longer in infertile (case) men compared with fertile (control) men. Polyglutamine effect on increasing sperm abnormal morphology and immotility which is the reason for infertility but statistically not significant and it will not affect hormonal assay in infertile men.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49025260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approach To Study The Effects of GBP/USD Exchange Rate and Gold Prices on Brent Oil Prices Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)","authors":"Shaho Muhammad Wstabdullah, H. Hamarashid, Muhammed Ali Kamal","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) is possible when cointegration analysis is applied to experimentally to shape the relationship between the variables without considering the regressors are stationary at its first difference or level, there is an integration of order one or both of the variables are mixed. Being based on one equation framework is a benefit of using the ARDL model, in order to take sufficient lags’ number and directing process data generation process in a modelling framework that goes from general to specific. The aim of this study is to focus on the trend of the relation between the GBP/USD rate and Brent Oil prices, which is done through the adoption of dependent variable which the oil price and the independent variable which is the dollar exchange rate. Another target of the research is to show the relationship between gold price and oil prices. The result shows that there are a number of likely influenced variable through by which the dollar-pound rate has effects on the demand and supply of oil as a result of its prices. That is done through the analysis of the relations between the variables of the study. Moreover, correlation coefficient values are given that there exists a positive explanatory correlation between the variables of the study. On the whole, there exists a positive long-term equilibrium relation between the GBP/USD exchange rate, price of oil and price of gold. Any change in the exchange rate of GBP/USD is causing the changes in prices of Brent oil.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44118928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida spp. from Pediatric Patients in Kurdistan of Iraq","authors":"Mohammed Bahi, Khattab Mustafa Shekhany","doi":"10.24017/science.2023.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2023.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"andida species are considered the most common opportunistic human fungal pathogen due to the presence of various virulence factors, including its ability to form a biofilm that aids in oral candidiasis. Pediatric patients are more susceptible to oral candidiasis than healthy pediatric because of the factors that encourage Candida oral carriage. This current study aims to isolate, evaluated the antifungal effect on Candida spp. and participated in oral candidiasis of pediatric patients in Sulaymaniyah and Kirkuk city. The study was performed from September 2021 to February 2022 on two groups of pediatrics which including pediatric patients (n=160) and healthy pediatric (n=50) as a control group. Oral swabs were obtained from 210 participants in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq at the Pediatric teaching hospital of the Sulaymaneyah and Kirkuk governorates. To culture the swabs, Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium was used. HiCrome™ Candida Differential agar used to identify Candida isolated, then depending on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using confirmed polymerase chain reaction. Antifungal sensitivity was done for all C. albicans and non-albicans isolates using five common antifungal disks. Among of the 160 sample of pediatric patient 62 (38.8%) positive for Candida spp. which it is including 17 (27.4 %) and 26 (41.9%), 19 (30.6%) breast feeding, bottle feeding and mixing respectively. While within 50 samples of control group 13 (26%) were positive for Candida spp. which including 2 (15.4%), 9(69.2%), 2(15.4%) of same respectively feeding types. Regarding to the antifungal susceptibility the results showed that C. albicans had higher resistance rates against itraconazole, ketoconazole, and clotrimazole than the non-albicans Candida species However, highly resistant rate were detected in Itraconazole and Ketoconazole with 23.7% and 54.4% respectively, for all Candida species. The Current study concluded that oral candidiasis was more predominant in pediatric patients in compare to healthy pediatric also, and C. albicans is the most prevalent etiologic agent. However, higher rate of sensitivity were detected between Candida species for nystatin, which may suggest as the main treatment for oral Candida infections.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68819502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Principal Component Analysis for Steel Material Components","authors":"Miran Othman Tofiq, Kawa Muhammad Jamal Rasheed","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we made use of the principal component analysis (PCA) technique, which is a multivariate statistical method that transforms a fixed number of correlated variables into a fixed number of orthogonal, uncorrelated axes known as principal components by making use of orthogonal transformation. In other words, the PCA technique converts correlated variables into uncorrelated axes. To minimize the dimensionality of a data set that included a large range of connected variables while yet keeping as much variance within the data set as possible, we employed a method called principal component analysis (PCA). This allowed us to analyze eleven steel components. This is accomplished by reworking the unique variables into a brand new set of uncorrelated variables known as principal components (PC). The principal components are ordered in such a way that they preserve the majority of the variation that is found in all of the unique variables. This is done by reworking the unique variables into a brand new set of uncorrelated variables called principal components (PC). We are able to come to the conclusion that the five principal components that collectively account for approximately sixty-seven percent of the variance in all of the data are the best principal components because this percentage represents the best principal aspect of all of the 11 principal components.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42006151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}