Kidney Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Uric Acid and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Recent Progress, Mechanisms, and Prospect.","authors":"Yuchu Liu, Zeyu Li, Yuanwen Xu, Haiping Mao, Naya Huang","doi":"10.1159/000543781","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent global health concern, significantly linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Among various risk factors, uric acid (UA) has emerged as a potentially modifiable contributor to cardiovascular complications in CKD patients.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Elevated serum uric acid levels frequently occur in individuals with CKD and are associated with the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Uric acid has been demonstrated to exacerbate inflammatory processes, promote oxidative stress, and cause endothelial dysfunction, which are critical factors that drive the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, high uric acid levels can worsen renal function, establishing a detrimental cycle that amplifies cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This review investigates the complex interconnection between UA and AS in patients with CKD, highlighting the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic considerations. A more profound comprehension of this relationship is essential for enhancing cardiovascular health and outcomes in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":17830,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"112-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach to Repositioning Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters.","authors":"Xiuling Chen, Nan Wang, Yurong Zou, Jin Chen, Hui Gao, Guisen Li, Junru Wang","doi":"10.1159/000543824","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a crucial kidney replacement therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Despite its advantages over hemodialysis (HD), long-term success can be hindered by catheter dysfunction, which often necessitates revision. Currently, surgical treatment methods for PD catheter malfunction include fluoroscopy-guided procedures and laparoscopic or open surgery to salvage or replace the catheter. Here, we introduce the first novel, minimally invasive surgery for repositioning PD catheters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From November 2021 to May 2024, 8 patients with PD catheter dysfunction underwent this innovative procedure at the Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital. Surgical Procedure: On the side of the original abdominal incision, blunt separation was used to find the PD catheter tunnel segment. The anterior rectus abdominal muscle sheath was incised, followed by separation of the deep polyester sleeve. The original catheter was exposed in the abdominal port or purse-string suture, and the intra-abdominal segment of the dialysis catheter was pulled out. Blunt cleaning around the periphery was performed to ensure that the PD catheter was smooth, and a rigid guidewire was placed through the intra-abdominal segment of the proximal end of the catheter of the first lateral hole. The intra-abdominal segment of the PD catheter was placed into the pelvis via the original catheter in the abdominal port. Clinical data were retrospectively collected, and patients were followed up for safety and efficacy assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a study involving 8 patients, no significant complications were observed, with an immediate imaging success rate of 100% and a clinical PD catheter reset success rate of 75%. The catheter remained patent until the end of the study, with a mean follow-up time of 17.25 ± 9.25 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This new method for resetting dysfunctional PD catheters demonstrates technical feasibility, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and safety. It has the potential to emerge as an alternative, particularly suitable for resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":17830,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"104-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cohort Study of the Long-Term Influences of SARS-CoV-2 on Kidney Allograft Outcomes in Chinese Recipients: 1-Year Follow-Up Experience.","authors":"Yisheng Ji, Shuang Fei, Hongsheng Ji, Fan OuYang, Runmin Ding, Li Sun, Hao Chen, Xiaobing Ju, Jun Tao, Zhijian Han, Mulong Du, Zijie Wang, Ruoyun Tan, Min Gu","doi":"10.1159/000543935","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term effects of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection and novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on prognosis of kidney transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 1-year retrospective study was carried out among 362 domestic kidney transplant recipients who were divided into observational (COVID-19) and control groups. Stratification analysis was then carried out to investigate whether repeated infections and infection severity could influence graft prognosis. Kaplan-Meier curves assessed 1-year graft survival, while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared graft function and laboratory parameters. Generalized estimating equations and repeated-measures ANOVA confirmed the magnitude of the impact of COVID-19 on kidney grafts. Generalized logistic regression and Cox regression established a model for analyzing COVID-19 risk factors. Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were performed for validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure of COVID-19 had a significant effect on graft function within 1 year (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and this kind of effect was mostly brought by severer infections in the stratification analysis regarding graft survival rate (<i>p</i> < 0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and 1-year eGFR slope (<i>p</i> = 0.014). Diagnostic model showed tacrolimus patients are less likely to get severe COVID-19 than cyclosporine (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Hyperglycemia (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and low hemoglobin (<i>p</i> = 0.023) are adverse factors for severe pneumonia. Hemoptysis, hypo-lymphopenia, high procalcitonin and ferritin are linked to poor allograft outcomes with SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 severity is linked to poor kidney allograft prognosis. Hyperglycemia, low hemoglobin, and drug protocols including cyclosporine rather than tacrolimus are correlated with COVID-19 pneumonia. Hemoptysis, low lymphocytes, high procalcitonin or ferritin were concerned with kidney allograft prognosis post-COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":17830,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"128-142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Glomerulonephritis.","authors":"Lu Cheng, Qian Ren, Jing Liu, Mei-Lian Yu, Rong-Shuang Huang, Fan Guo, Liang Ma, Shen-Ju Gou, Ping Fu","doi":"10.1159/000543940","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a novel adipokine that is critically involved in many inflammatory and immune diseases. However, the role of FABP4 in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the role of FABP4 in patients with ANCA-GN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma and urine samples from 37 patients with active ANCA-GN and kidney biopsy specimens from another group of 56 patients with ANCA-GN were collected. The plasma and urinary levels of FABP4 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the kidney FABP4 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Associations between FABP4 levels with clinical and pathologic parameters were analyzed. To further elucidate the role of FABP4 in ANCA-GN, a novel FABP4 inhibitor, BMS309403, was employed in a recognized rat model of experimental autoimmune vasculitis (EAV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma and urinary levels of FABP4 in active ANCA-GN patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls {52.8 ± 23.6 ng/mL vs. 16.9 ± 8.8 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.01; median 126.6 (interquartile range [IQR] 28.4-311.2) ng/g Cr vs. median 0.0 (IQR 0.0-0.0) ng/g Cr, <i>p</i> < 0.01, respectively}. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher glomerular and tubular expression of FABP4 in the kidneys of ANCA-GN patients than those in normal controls (0.015 ± 0.012 vs. 0.004 ± 0.003, <i>p</i> < 0.001; 0.053 ± 0.026 vs. 0.011 ± 0.010, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, for ANCA-GN patients, urinary FABP4 levels were significantly higher in active ANCA than those in remission (184.3 ± 187.0 ng/g Cr vs. 9.4 ± 23.9 ng/g Cr, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that urinary levels of FABP4 correlated with serum creatinine (<i>r</i> = 0.596, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), urinary albumin/Cr (<i>r</i> = 0.523, <i>p</i> = 0.001), blood neutrophil ratio (<i>r</i> = 0.386, <i>p</i> = 0.018), PT (<i>r</i> = 0.583, <i>p</i> = 0.001), APTT (<i>r</i> = 0.364, <i>p</i> = 0.034), hemoglobin level (<i>r</i> = -0.398, <i>p</i> = 0.015), estimated glomerular filtration rate (<i>r</i> = -0.680, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), crescent proportion (<i>r</i> = 0.661, <i>p</i> = 0.032), and all-cause death of ANCA-GN patients (HR 2.93, 95% CI [1.05-8.19]). Furthermore, FABP4 inhibition by BMS309403 ameliorated renal injury in a rat mole of ANCA-GN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Urinary FABP4 levels might reflect the disease activity and renal involvement of ANCA-associated vasculitis, and FABP4 might act as a promising therapeutic target against ANCA-GN.</p>","PeriodicalId":17830,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"75-89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Ertugliflozin by Baseline Use of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors or Diuretics, Including Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist: Analyses from the VERTIS CV Trial.","authors":"David Z I Cherney, Robert Frederich, Richard E Pratley, Francesco Cosentino, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Annpey Pong, Ira Gantz, Nilo B Cater, James P Mancuso, Urszula Masiukiewicz, Christopher P Cannon","doi":"10.1159/000543162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000543162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>VERTIS CV was a placebo-controlled cardiovascular (CV) outcome trial evaluating the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic CV disease. The aim of the current analyses was to evaluate VERTIS CV cardiorenal outcomes according to baseline use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors or diuretics, including mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants received ertugliflozin 5 mg, ertugliflozin 15 mg, or placebo once daily and were followed for a mean of 3.5 years. Prespecified CV and kidney outcomes were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard modeling in participant subgroups defined by baseline use of RAAS inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers) or diuretics (loop diuretics, non-loop diuretics, MRAs), with interaction testing to assess for treatment effect modification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8,246 patients were randomized in VERTIS CV. At baseline, 6,686 (81%) participants were being treated with RAAS inhibitors, 3,542 (43%) with diuretics, 1,252 (15%) with loop diuretics, and 674 (8%) with MRAs. No significant interactions were observed for cardiorenal outcomes by baseline use of RAAS inhibitors or MRAs (<i>p</i> _interaction > 0.05 for all). Statistically significant interactions for a first event of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) or CV death, and of HHF (alone), were observed with baseline use of diuretics, including loop diuretics, with an increased benefit of ertugliflozin treatment versus placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In VERTIS CV, baseline use of diuretics, particularly loop diuretics, identified a subgroup that demonstrated greater benefit with ertugliflozin on first HHF/CV death and HHF outcomes, with no modification of treatment effect observed with baseline use of RAAS inhibitors or MRAs. There was no evidence of treatment effect on the kidney composite outcomes by baseline use of RAAS inhibitors, diuretics, loop diuretics, or MRAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17830,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Cumulative Remnant Cholesterol with Kidney Function Decline in Chinese Population: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Lei Liu, Changfa Wang, Zhongyang Hu, Pingting Yang, Ying Li, Yufu Zhou, Saiqi Yang, Kui Chen, Shuwen Deng, Xiaoling Zhu, Xuelian Liu, Yaqin Wang","doi":"10.1159/000543037","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There were limited data regarding the association between remnant cholesterol (RC), an emerging novel lipid marker, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to investigate the association of baseline and cumulative exposure of RC (cumRC) with kidney function decline (KFD) risk in the general population of China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the physical examination database in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Changsha, China), 22,702 participants (age ≥18 years) without KFD, who underwent 3 consecutive annual health examinations between 2012 and 2015, were included. KFD was recorded during the interval between the third examination and the end of follow-up through 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cumRC was classified into 4 groups according to these cutoff values: 0.92, 1.33, and 1.99 (mmol/L). During a median follow-up of 3.17 years, 1,085 new KFD events were confirmed. Participants in the highest quartile of cumRC had 43% higher risk of KFD (hazard ratio, 1.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.77]), compared with the lowest quartile. Similarly, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant dose-response relationship between cumRC and the risk of KFD (P nonlinearity = 0.0314). However, baseline RC did not show any typical dose-dependent positive relationship with KFD development. In the discordance analysis, high baseline RC/low baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or high cumRC/low cumLDL-C were all associated with KFD in adjusted models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data suggest a significant association between cumRC and risk of KFD independent of traditional CVD risk factors as well as the LDL-C level. Therefore, consistent RC monitoring should be given to individuals for early KFD prevention, especially in population with normal LDL-C levels who are often overlooked.</p>","PeriodicalId":17830,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"90-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Relationship to Efficacy in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy.","authors":"Yaotong Shi, Ye Wang, Nan Li, Qiuyuan Shao, Chunming Jiang, Ting Yang, Jing Liu","doi":"10.1159/000543131","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is recommended for Chinese patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of HCQ in the treatment of IgAN and its relationship with therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 49 IgAN patients treated with HCQ, who were divided into effective and ineffective groups based on HCQ treatment efficacy after 6 months, defined as a reduction in proteinuria of at least 50% from baseline. The concentrations of HCQ and its metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The relationships between the concentrations of HCQ and its metabolites and therapeutic efficacy were analyzed using linear correlation analysis and logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive value of HCQ and its metabolite concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following 6 months of treatment with HCQ, patients in the effective group exhibited increased concentrations of HCQ (<i>p</i> = 0.022) and desethylchloroquine (DCQ) (<i>p</i> = 0.015). The results of the Spearman's correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between alterations in proteinuria and concentrations of HCQ (<i>r</i> = 0.328, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and DCQ (<i>r</i> = 0.267, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that efficacy was significantly correlated with HCQ (odds ratio 1.008, 95% CI: 1.001-1.014) and DCQ (odds ratio 1.064, 95% CI: 1.010-1.121) concentrations. ROC curves indicated that an HCQ concentration of 442.6 ng/mL and a DCQ concentration of 42.7 ng/mL exhibited the optimal capacity to predict efficacy (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The blood concentrations of HCQ and its metabolite DCQ may be significant factors for evaluating therapeutic efficacy in IgAN patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17830,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"38-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enarodustat for the Treatment of Anemia in Chinese Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Phase 3 Trial.","authors":"Xin-Ling Liang, Ren-Wei Huang, Jian-Teng Xie, Yan-Ning Zhang, Yi-Nan Li, Xiao-Nong Chen, Tian-Jun Guan, Hua Zhou, Ping Fu, Yun-Hua Liao, Hui Xu, Ai-Cheng Yang, Hong-Wen Zhao, Zi-Chen Liu, Li-Li Yang, Xue-Qing Yu","doi":"10.1159/000543193","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Renal anemia is a common complication among patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD), and there remains an unmet need for more efficient and convenient daily oral medications to improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enarodustat, a hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, in treating anemia for ND-CKD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This phase 3 study was conducted at 48 centers across China, enrolling 156 ND-CKD patients. Participants were randomly randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either enarodustat or placebo for an initial 8-week double-blind period, followed by a 16-week open-label period during which all patients received enarodustat.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary endpoint was the mean change in hemoglobin (Hb) levels from baseline to the average level during weeks 7-9. Secondary endpoints focused on Hb concentration or treatment pattern, while exploratory endpoints assessed iron metabolism-related parameters. The mean (±SD) change in Hb levels from baseline to weeks 7-9 was 15.99 (±9.46) g/L in the enarodustat group, compared to -0.14 (±8.08) g/L in the placebo group, resulting in a mean difference of 16.00 (±1.54) g/L (<i>p < 0</i>.<i>001</i>). During weeks 7-9, 85.3% of patients in the enarodustat group achieved Hb levels ≥100 g/L with 86.0% maintaining this level during weeks 21-25. In the first 4 weeks, the Hb increased by 11.82 (±9.56) g/L in the enarodustat group. By week 9, the mean change in hepcidin level was -42.94 (±37.56) ng/mL in the enarodustat group, compared to +4.58 (±33.34) ng/mL in the placebo group. Enarodustat also improved other iron-related parameters and reduced the need for iron supplements. The safety profile of enarodustat was well tolerable with adverse events comparable to those of the placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Enarodustat effectively corrected renal anemia with a manageable safety profile. Its once-daily oral administration offers convenience that may enhance the adherence. Enarodustat shows the potential as a promising therapy for anemic patients with ND-CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":17830,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Drive Kidney Stone Formation.","authors":"Zhiming Yang, Xiong Chen, Guannan Qi, Jie Gu, Zheng Liu, Xiaobo Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000542471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aims to explore the contribution of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to kidney stones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The microarray data from GSE73680 and bioinformatic analysis were applied to identify differentially expressed genes in patients with kidney stones. A rat model of kidney stones was established through ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride administration. The plasma was collected for examining cf-DNA, DNase I, MPO-DNA, H3Cit and NE. Superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and calcium were examined through biochemical analysis. MPO, H3Cit, and NE in kidney tissues were detected via immunofluorescence staining. Cell apoptosis was evaluated through TUNEL assays. HE, Periodic Acid-Schiff and Von Kossa staining were applied to determine histological structure, calcium deposits and stone formation in the kidneys. Neutrophil elastase inhibitor Sivelestat (SIVE) was administrated for NET suppression in rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 403 differentially expressed genes including 270 upregulated and 133 downregulated genes were identified between renal papillary tissues with Randall's plaque and normal tissues. Gene ontology enrichment, KEGG pathway and protein-protein interaction network analysis of these dysregulated genes were performed. Moreover, increased NET markers including cf-DNA, DNase I, MPO-DNA, H3Cit and NE and calcium deposits were observed in patients with kidney stones. Subsequently, we established a rat model of kidney stones. We found that NET formation was significantly elevated in kidney stone rats, and renal tubular injury and apoptotic cells were enhanced as kidney stones developed. Strikingly, we found that suppression of NETs via SIVE could significantly reduce calcium deposits and apoptotic cells and alleviate tubular injury, thus improving kidney function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NETs drive the formation of kidney stones, thus aggravating kidney injury. Our study identifies NETs as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for nephrolithiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17830,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"11-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Renal Organoids in Clinical Application.","authors":"Na Ning, Zhiting Liu, Xinyu Li, Yi Liu, Wei Song","doi":"10.1159/000541919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney disease has become a growing public health problem worldwide, and there is an urgent need to develop reliable models for investigating novel and effective treatment strategies. In recent years, kidney organoids, as novel models different from traditional two-dimensional cells and model animals, have attracted more and more attention. Current advances have allowed the generation of kidney organoids from the directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which possess similar characteristics to embryonic stem cells, but bypass ethical constraints and have a wide range of sources.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Herein, the methods of generating renal organoids from iPSCs, the applications of iPSC-derived renal organoids in disease modeling, drug effectiveness detection, and regenerative medicine as well as the challenges were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>iPSC-derived renal organoids can be used to model kidney diseases and are great models for studying kidney injury and toxicity. Many efforts are needed to finally apply organoids into clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":17830,"journal":{"name":"Kidney Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}