Korean Journal of Urology最新文献

{"title":"Noxious electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor and vagina induces transient voiding dysfunction in a rabbit survival model of pelvic floor dystonia","authors":"A. Dobberfuhl, Sara Spettel, Catherine Schuler, R. Levin, A. Dubin, E. De","doi":"10.4111/kju.2015.56.12.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.12.837","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Existing data supports a relationship between pelvic floor dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms. We developed a survival model of pelvic floor dysfunction in the rabbit and evaluated cystometric (CMG), electromyographic (EMG) and ambulatory voiding behavior. Materials and Methods Twelve female adult virgin rabbits were housed in metabolic cages to record voiding and defecation. Anesthetized CMG/EMG was performed before and after treatment animals (n=9) received bilateral tetanizing needle stimulation to the pubococcygeous (PC) muscle and controls (n=3) sham needle placement. After 7 days all animals were subjected to tetanizing transvaginal stimulation and CMG/EMG. After 5 days a final CMG/EMG was performed. Results Of rabbits that underwent needle stimulation 7 of 9 (78%) demonstrated dysfunctional CMG micturition contractions versus 6 of 12 (50%) after transvaginal stimulation. Needle stimulation of the PC musculature resulted in significant changes in: basal CMG pressure, precontraction pressure change, contraction pressure, interval between contractions and postvoid residual; with time to 3rd contraction increased from 38 to 53 minutes (p=0.008 vs. prestimulation). Vaginal noxious stimulation resulted in significant changes in: basal CMG pressure and interval between contractions; with time to 3rd contraction increased from 37 to 46 minutes (p=0.008 vs. prestimulation). Changes in cage parameters were primarily seen after direct needle stimulation. Conclusions In a majority of animals, tetanizing electrical stimulation of the rabbit pelvic floor resulted in voiding changes suggestive of pelvic floor dysfunction as characterized by a larger bladder capacity, longer interval between contractions and prolonged contraction duration.","PeriodicalId":17819,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Urology","volume":"12 1","pages":"837 - 844"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82553394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated spurious elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen values solved by chemiluminescence analysis: A possible interference by heterophilic antibodies","authors":"A. Domínguez, M. Bayó, J. Muñoz-Rodríguez, J. Bellido, J. M. Abascal-Junquera, N. Hannaoui, Josep Maria Banús","doi":"10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.785","url":null,"abstract":"Heterophilic antibodies are human immunoglobulins directed against various animal antigens. They can produce false-positive results in the analysis of different tumor markers, including prostate-specific antigen. This interference can lead to misdiagnosis, unnecessary tests, and overtreatment in some cases. We present herein the case of a 52-year-old man with repeated spurious elevation of prostate-specific antigen, reaching levels of 108.7 ng/mL, that were suspected to be caused by heterophilic antibodies. The interference was solved by changing the analysis technique. Real values of prostate-specific antigen were less than 1 ng/mL.","PeriodicalId":17819,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Urology","volume":"7 1","pages":"785 - 787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77749705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of pretreatment inflammation-based prognostic scores (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio) for invasive bladder carcinoma","authors":"Su-min Lee, A. Russell, G. Hellawell","doi":"10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.749","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Inflammation-based prognostic scores including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are associated with oncologic outcomes in diverse malignancies. We evaluated the predictive value of pretreatment prognostic scores in differentiating nonmuscle invasive (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Materials and Methods Consecutive transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) cases from January 2011 to December 2013 were analysed retrospectively. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics and prognostic scores results were recorded. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine prognostic score cutoffs. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between variables and MIBC. Results A total of 226 patients were included, with 175 and 51 having NMIBC (stages Ta and T1) and MIBC (stage T2+) groups, respectively. Median age was 75 years and 174 patients were male. The NLR cutoff was 3.89 and had the greatest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.710, followed by LMR (cutoff<1.7; AUC, 0.650) and PLR (cutoff>218; AUC, 0.642). Full blood count samples were taken a median of 12 days prior to TURBT surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified tumour grade G3 (odds ration [OR], 32.848; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.818-109.902; p=0.000), tumour size≥3 cm (OR, 3.353; 95% CI, 1.347-8.345; p=0.009) and NLR≥3.89 (OR, 8.244; 95% CI, 2.488-27.316; p=0.001) as independent predictors of MIBC. Conclusions NLR may provide a simple, cost-effective and easily measured marker for MIBC. It can be performed at the time of diagnostic flexible cystoscopy, thereby assisting in the planning of further treatment.","PeriodicalId":17819,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Urology","volume":"2 1","pages":"749 - 755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74427474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peyronie's disease and low intensity shock wave therapy: Clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction rate in an open-label single arm prospective study in Australian men","authors":"E. Chung","doi":"10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.775","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To evaluate the efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction outcomes following low intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LiESWT) in men with Peyronie's disease (PD) using a standardised protocol. Materials and Methods In this open-label single arm prospective study, patients with PD were enrolled following informed consent. Patient demographics, change in penile curvature and plaque hardness, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 score, and overall satisfaction score (on a 5-point scale) were recorded. Treatment template consists of 3000 shock waves to the Peyronie's plaque over 20 minutes, twice weekly for 6 weeks. Results The majority of patients have PD history longer than 6 months (mean, 12.8 months; range, 6-28 months). Two thirds of patients have received and failed oral medical therapy. There were improvements in penile curvature (more than 15 degrees in 33% of men), plaque hardness (60% of men) and penile pain (4 out of 6 men) following LiESWT. There was a moderate improvement in IIEF-5 score (>5 points reported in 20% of men). No complication was reported and the majority of patients were satisfied (rated 4 out of 5; 70% of men) and would recommend this therapy to others. Conclusions In a carefully selected group of men with PD, LiESWT appears to be safe, has moderate efficacy and is associated with high patient satisfaction rate in the short term.","PeriodicalId":17819,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Urology","volume":"12 1","pages":"775 - 780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90086875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent and predictive validation of robotic simulator Tube 3 module","authors":"Jae Yoon Kim, Seung Bin Kim, J. Pyun, H. Kim, Seok Cho, J. G. Lee, Je Jong Kim, J. Cheon, S. Kang, S. Kang","doi":"10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.756","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose We previously described a new procedure specific module (Tube 3) to allow the practice of vesicourethral anastomosis after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Herein, we report a predetermined proficiency level of Tube 3 and preliminary validation to explore whether this new module can lead to performance improvement in the da Vinci system. Materials and Methods Eight urology residents and three urology fellows performed the Tube 3 module 1 hour daily for 7 days. The learning curve was depicted through a scatterplot and the stable point was identified through the cumulative sum chart. Concurrent and predictive validations were performed with the da Vinci system. The mean time to complete the task and end product rating score between Tube 3 training group and no Tube 3 training group were compared. Results Concerning the learning curve, about 41 repetitions comprising about 5 hours were needed to achieve this stable point when the mean time to complete Tube of 384 seconds was set as a target. With regarding to the concurrent and predictive validation, there significant differences were evident in the mean time to complete 16 needle passages and the vesicourethral anastomosis and the end product rating score. Conclusions The virtual reality (VR) simulator can yield sufficient improvement in technical performance in Tube 3 within 5 hours. The acquired proficiency can be transferable to the vesicourethral anastomosis using the da Vinci system.","PeriodicalId":17819,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Urology","volume":"188 1","pages":"756 - 761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79417654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors of prolonged warm ischemic time (≥30 minutes) during partial nephrectomy under pneumoperitoneum","authors":"K. Ko, D. K. Choi, S. Shin, H. Ryoo, Tae Sun Kim, W. Song, H. Jeon, B. Jeong, S. Seo","doi":"10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.742","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Current clinical data support a safe warm ischemia time (WIT) limit of 30 minutes during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) or robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN). We evaluated independent factors predicting prolonged WIT (more than 30 minutes) after LPN or RPN. Materials and Methods A retrospective data review was performed for 317 consecutive patients who underwent LPN or RPN performed by the same surgeon from October 2007 to May 2013. Patients were divided into two groups: group A was defined as prolonged WIT (≥30 minutes) and group B as short WIT (<30 minutes). We compared clinical factors between the two groups to evaluate predictors of prolonged WIT. Results Among 317 consecutive patients, 80 were in the prolonged WIT group. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the groups. In the univariable analysis, PADUA (preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical) score (p=0.001), approach method (transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach; p<0.001), and surgeon experience (p<0.001) were significantly associated with prolonged WIT. In the multivariable analysis, PADUA score (p=0.032), tumor size (≥25 mm; odds ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-5.96; p=0.002), and surgeon experience (p<0.001) were independent predictors of prolonged WIT. Conclusions Surgeon experience, tumor size, and PADUA score predicted prolonged WIT after RPN or LPN. Among these factors, increasing surgical experience with LPN or RPN is the most important factor for preventing prolonged WIT.","PeriodicalId":17819,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Urology","volume":"252 1","pages":"742 - 748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77672231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel one lobe technique of thulium laser enucleation of the prostate: 'All-in-One' technique","authors":"Y. Kim, Yoon Hyung Lee, J. B. Kwon, Sung Ryong Cho, Jae Soo Kim","doi":"10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.769","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The thulium laser is the most recently introduced technology for the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Until recently, most thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) was performed by use of the three-lobe technique. We introduce a novel one-lobe enucleation technique for ThuLEP called the \"All-in-One\" technique. We report our initial experiences here. Materials and Methods From June 2013 to May 2014, a total of 47 patients underwent the All-in-One technique of ThuLEP for symptomatic BPH performed by a single surgeon. All patients were assessed with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), transrectal ultrasonography, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), maximal urine flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) before and 1 month after surgery. We reassessed IPSS, Qmax, and PVR 3 months after surgery. To assess the efficacy of the All-in-One technique, we checked the PSA reduction ratio, transitional zone volume reduction ratio, and enucleation failure rate. Results The mean operative time was 82.1±33.3 minutes. The mean enucleation time and morcellation time were 52.7±21.7 minutes and 8.2±7.0 minutes, respectively. The mean resected tissue weight and decrease in hemoglobin were 36.9±24.6 g and 0.4±0.8 g/dL, respectively. All perioperative parameters showed significant improvement (p<0.05). No major complications were observed. The PSA reduction ratio, transitional zone volume reduction ratio, and enucleation failure rate were 0.81, 0.92, and 4.3%, respectively. Conclusions The All-in-One technique of ThuLEP showed efficacy and effectiveness comparable to that of other techniques. We expect that this new technique could reduce the operation time and the bleeding and improve the effectiveness of enucleation.","PeriodicalId":17819,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Urology","volume":"165 1","pages":"769 - 774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73714097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting evidence for robotic urological surgery","authors":"D. K. Kim, K. Rha","doi":"10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.733","url":null,"abstract":"Since the introduction of the da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), the trend of minimally invasive surgery has accelerated. Recently, Intuitive Surgical launched the new da Vinci Xi platform and a prototype of a single-port surgical system. Other platforms from other robotic companies are on the horizon. The multiport surgical robotic ALF-X system (SORAR SpA, Milan, Italy) was initially introduced for gynecological surgery and was recently assessed in a preclinical animal study of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) [1,2]. The ALF-X robot consists of a remote-controlled unit with a haptic handle, a three-dimensional high-definition monitor, an infrared eye-tracking system, and four detached robotic arms. The haptic feedback allows the surgeon to feel the force and resistance to the tissue. The surgeon can move the camera by gaze, and the system includes a large set of reusable instruments. \u0000 \u0000Other manufacturers include Medrobotics (Raynham, MA, USA), which received U.S. Food and Drug Administration clearance for the Flex Robotic System in July 2015. The Flex Robotic System provides surgeons with single-site access visualization of hard-to-reach anatomical locations. Titan Medical (Toronto, ON, Canada) is a public company based on Single Port Orifice Robotic Technology. The system utilizes a 25-mm single-access port that contains two articulating instruments and a three-dimensional high-definition camera. The Korean domestic manufacturer Meree Company has developed the REVO I robot system. A clinical trial for the REVO I robot has been planned to supplement the global market. \u0000 \u0000Meanwhile, the Korean national evidence-based health care collaborating agency (NECA) published a preliminary report on the clinical feasibility and cost-effectiveness of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) from a total of five high-volume centers to provide fundamental data for instituting the national health policy. Concerning oncological outcomes, there were no significant differences in biochemical recurrence or the positive surgical margin rate. Concerning functional outcomes, RARP revealed the highest continence rate of 88.7% and 95.3% achievement of complete continence at postoperative 3 months and 3 years, respectively. \u0000 \u0000Concerning cost analysis of the robotic system, with a threshold value of 30.5 million Korean won (KRW; 27,000 US dollars [USD]), a cost-effectiveness analysis of purchase among RARP, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, and open radical prostatectomy (ORP) showed that RARP was not yet cost-effective. RARP could be cost-effective if the expenses could be reduced by 8.3 million KRW (7,400 USD). The effectiveness of the system could not offset the costs, because there was no significant difference in effectiveness among the different procedures, and the robotic cost of RARP was significantly more than that of the other procedures. However, owing to the short term of 1 year of data used for the cost-effecti","PeriodicalId":17819,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Urology","volume":"104 1","pages":"733 - 734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80469037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical application of the sliding loop technique for renorrhaphy during robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: Surgical technique and outcomes","authors":"H. S. Kim, Young Ju Lee, J. Ku, C. Kwak, Hyeon-Hoe Kim, C. Jeong","doi":"10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.762","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To report the initial clinical outcomes of the newly devised sliding loop technique (SLT) used for renorrhaphy in patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) for small renal mass. Materials and Methods We reviewed the surgical videos and medical charts of 31 patients who had undergone RALPN with the SLT renorrhaphy performed by two surgeons (CWJ and CK) between January 2014 and October 2014. SLT renorrhaphy was performed after tumor excision and renal parenchymal defect repair. Assessed outcomes included renorrhaphy time (RT), warm ischemic time, perioperative complications, and perioperative renal function change. RT was defined as interval from the end of bed suture to the renal artery declamping. Results In all patients, sliding loop renorrhaphy was successfully conducted without conversions to radical nephrectomy or open approaches. Mean renorrhaphy and warm ischemic time were 9.0 and 22.6 minutes, respectively. After completing renorrhaphy, there were no adverse events such as dehiscence of approximated renal parenchyma, renal parenchymal tearing, or significant bleeding. Furthermore, no postoperative complications or significant renal function decline were observed as of the last follow-up for all patients. The limitations of this study include the small volume case series, the retrospective nature of the study, and the heterogeneity of surgeons. Conclusions From our initial clinical experience, SLT may be an efficient and safe renorrhaphy method in real clinical practice. Further large scale, prospective, long-term follow-up, and direct comparative studies with other techniques are required to confirm the clinical applicability of SLT.","PeriodicalId":17819,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Urology","volume":"9 1","pages":"762 - 768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77849762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single port laparoscopic orchidopexy in children using surgical glove port and conventional rigid instruments","authors":"B. Mahdi, C. Rahma, Jallouli Mohamed, Zitouni Hayet, M. Riadh","doi":"10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.11.781","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose We review the literature and describe our technique for laparoendoscopic single-site orchidopexy using a glove port and rigid instruments. We assessed the feasibility and outcomes of this procedure. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the case records of all children who had undergone laparoendoscopic single-site orchidopexy by use of a surgical glove port and conventional rigid instruments for a nonpalpable intraabdominal testis between January 2013 and September 2014. Results Data from a total of 20 patients were collected. The patients' mean age was 18 months. All cases had a nonpalpable unilateral undescended testis. Fourteen patients (70%) had an undescended testis on the right side and six patients (30%) had an undescended testis on the left side. Seventeen patients underwent primary orchidopexy. Three patients underwent single-port laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy for the first and the second stage. Average operating time was 57 minutes (range, 40 to 80 minutes). No patient was lost to follow-up. At follow-up, 2 testes were found to have retracted out of the scrotum and these were successfully dealt with in a second operation. One testis was hypoplastic in the scrotal pouch. There were no signs of umbilical hernia. Conclusions Single-port laparoscopic orchidopexy using a glove port and rigid instruments is technically feasible and safe for various nonpalpable intraabdominal testes. However, surgical experience and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm the superiority of this technique.","PeriodicalId":17819,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Urology","volume":"20 1","pages":"781 - 784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89800734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}