Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Examining the Frequency of Carbapenem Resistance Genes and Its Relationship with Different Classes of Integrons Including Classes I and II in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates of Burn Patients","authors":"Elaheh Asghari Gharakhyli, Seyedeh Elham Norollahi, H. Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie, Kosar Babaei, M. Hasannejad-Bibalan, A. Samadani","doi":"10.5812/jjm-140912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-140912","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens causing hospital infections. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the abundance of integrons and the pattern of resistance to carbapenems (metallo-β-lactamases including Spm, Imp, and Vim) and its relationship with the presence of integrons classes I and II in P. aeruginosa isolates. Methods: This study was conducted on 73 samples of P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds of patients admitted to the burn center of Velayat Hospital, Rasht, Iran. To confirm the phenotype of P. aeruginosa, Gram staining and diagnostic biochemical tests, including oxidation-fermentation (OF), pigment production, citrate utilization, catalase activity, oxidase test, and growth at 42°C, were used. After identification and confirmation, molecular diagnosis was conducted to identify strains producing genes classes I and II using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: In this research, the frequency of carbapenem resistance genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa was found to be zero, 13.7%, and 21.9% for blaSpm, blaImp, and blaVim genes, respectively. Integrons of classes I and II were present in 53.4% of isolates of class I and 17.8% of isolates of class II. Also, 4.1% of the total integrin-positive isolates had both integron classes. Conclusions: There was a statistically significant relationship between class I integron and the blaImp gene. Importantly, the mechanisms of other integrons play a role in the development of resistance and the presence of these genes involved in this project.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Deficiency and Receptor Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for COVID-19","authors":"Nur Efe Iris, Ozlem Akman, Demet Akin, Palmet Gun Atak, Ahmed Cihad Genc, Funda Simsek, T. Yıldırmak, G. Demircan","doi":"10.5812/jjm-140726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-140726","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early immune responses to COVID-19 can help eliminate the virus; therefore, strategies to improve the immune system have become important in disease prevention. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 by increasing the expression of the vitamin D receptor. Objectives: This study investigated the impact of vitamin D deficiency, Fok 1, and Taq 1 Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and comorbidities on the susceptibility to COVID-19. Methods: Fok1 and Taq1 polymorphisms were analyzed using the RT-PCR method, and vitamin D levels were measured using the chemiluminescence method. A total of 200 patients, 100 with COVID-19 and 100 without, provided blood samples for analysis. Results: The COVID-19 positive group had a significantly lower mean vitamin D level of 16.2 ± 11.3 ng/mL compared to the COVID-19 negative control group, 26.7 ± 15.9 ng/mL (P < 0.001). Individuals with a vitamin D level below 18.4 ng/mL had a 2.448 times higher risk of COVID-19 positivity (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the Fok1 and Taq1 gene polymorphisms between the two groups. (P = 0.548 and P = 0.098). The COVID-19 positive group had a significantly higher number of comorbid diseases with 40 (40%) compared to the negative group with 10 (10%) participants (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Levels of vitamin D above the cut-off value of 18.4 ng/mL were found to protect against COVID-19, while the presence of comorbid diseases was identified as a risk factor. However, no association was observed between the Fok1 and Taq1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in an Iranian Pediatric Sample with Community-Acquired Pneumonia","authors":"Seyyed Alireza Fahimzad, A. Karimi, S. Nadji, Najmeh Tavousi, M. Abedini, Roghayeh Amini, A. Hosseininasab, Fatemeh Hosseininasab, K. Ghadiri, Roya Chegene Lorestani Sha Masoomshahi, M. Aelami, B. Abdinia, H. Hashemian, M. S. Rezai, Anahita Sanaei Dashti, Z. Pourmoghaddas","doi":"10.5812/jjm-137413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-137413","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To the best of our knowledge, the prevalence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRM) in Iranian children has not been investigated. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MRM in Iranian children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: A total of 222 children with CAP, aged 3 - 15 years, who were hospitalized in 10 different children's hospitals, were enrolled in this study. Mycoplasmas were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The severity of CAP was evaluated according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines. The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was also measured by the particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. Additionally, the chest X-rays of children with CAP were recorded and sent to a radiologist for further evaluation. Results: Twenty-one children (9.4%) diagnosed with CAP also had M. pneumoniae infection, 17 (77.27%) of whom were positive for A2063G transition and high-level macrolide resistance. The severity of CAP (P ≥ 0.99), CRP level (0.07), and chest X-ray changes (P = 0.08) were not significantly different between children with MRM pneumonia and those with macrolide-susceptible M. pneumoniae. Conclusions: The prevalence of high-level MRM pneumonia in children is high in Iran, similar to other Asian countries. However, this type of Mycoplasma infection was not associated with the severity of CAP and did not have significant effects on chest X-ray (CXR) changes or the CRP level in the patients.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Phage Typing of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples in Isfahan, Iran","authors":"Fatemeh Sadat Zarkesh Esfahani, F. Ghandehari, Bahram Nasr Esfahani, K. Beheshti-Maal","doi":"10.5812/jjm-139277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-139277","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In hospitals and communities, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays a critical role due to its ability to acquire resistance against several antibiotics and play a role in the spread of diseases. Objectives: This research aimed to investigate the pattern of antibiotic resistance in MRSA isolates and perform molecular typing of MRSA isolates using various elements, including SCCmec type, ccr type, prophage type, and gene toxin profiles. Methods: The research spanned 20 months at Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan and involved 148 isolates from various anatomical sites. The isolates were evaluated for their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. They were characterized by screening for SCCmec typing, ccr typing, phage typing, and PCR profiling of pvl, hlb, sak, eta, and tst toxin genes. Results: From 148 total S. aureus isolates, 42% (n = 62) were methicillin-resistant. The MRSA isolates demonstrated substantial resistance to penicillin and ciprofloxacin, and 90.3% of MRSA isolates were multiple-drug resistant. Also, SCCmec types III, I, and IV were identified in 45.16%, 35.48%, and 19.35% of MRSA isolates, respectively. Also, seven prophage patterns and 15 toxin patterns were detected among MRSA isolates. Conclusions: Multi-drug resistance is common among MRSA isolates. The only effective drug among the investigated antibiotics was chloramphenicol. The MRSA isolates can be controlled by changing the prescribing procedure of antibiotics and applying infection control strategies. The studied MRSA isolates can cause a wide range of diseases due to having several bacteriophages that encode virulence factors. Identification of different types of prophages may be useful in predicting such pathogenic agents.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characteristics and the Effect of Mutations in Different Sites of the rplD Gene Among Clinical Isolates of Azithromycin Resistance Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Eastern China","authors":"WangQiang Hu, Han Chen, Dan Zhang, Fangyou Yu, Mingpeng Hu, Zhou Zheng","doi":"10.5812/jjm-140659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-140659","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The emergence of resistance to azithromycin complicates the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of mutations in different sites of the rplD gene on azithromycin resistance (AZM-R) and the molecular characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae. This study aimed to provide evidence for drug resistance and transmission. Methods: A total of 37 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were collected within January 2018 to December 2020. These isolates were obtained from urine, semen, or vaginal secretions of different patients. Azithromycin resistance was assessed, and genes associated with AZM-R, namely rplD, and rplV, were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. All clinical isolates were characterized through multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results: The study comprised 21 azithromycin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates, with two of them demonstrating high resistance, indicated by a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) greater than 256 µg/mL. Additionally, 16 sensitive isolates were included in the study. Ten isolates were observed to have rplD point mutations, including mutations such as G70D, G70S, G68D, and A43T. No mutations were detected in rplV. The rate of point mutations in rplD was significantly different between the azithromycin-sensitive (AZM-S) group and the AZM-R group (P < 0.05). Among the 37 isolates studied, 12 distinct MLST types were identified and further grouped into four different MLST goeBURST groups. The two isolates with high-level AZM-R were ST1901 and ST1588, respectively. Conclusions: The clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from Wenzhou, Eastern China, exhibit significant genetic diversity and a relatively high prevalence of AZM-R. Mutations in the rplD gene were identified, which reduced susceptibility to macrolides and were significantly associated with increased AZM-R.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Obtained from Patients in Intensive Care Units","authors":"Reyhaneh Taheri Tinjani, Milad Sabaei, Fatemeh Shamlou Mahmoudi, Soheil Rahmani Fard, Seyyed Khalil Shokouhi Mostafavi, Leyla Bahadorizadeh, Sara Minaeian","doi":"10.5812/jjm-140497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-140497","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug-resistant hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a growing concern in modern medicine throughout the world. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most prominent causative agents of multidrug-resistant nosocomial infections. It is also widely recognized for having a high resistance level to many antibiotic classes, particularly beta-lactams. Carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae has been identified as a major global cause of HAIs with adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to have an in-depth understanding of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genetic determinants of this bacterium to stop the spread of highly resistant K. pneumoniae in healthcare facilities and the resulting patient morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the AMR pattern of K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from intensive care units (ICUs), with a focus on extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) genes blaCTX-M, blaGES, and blaIMP. Methods: A total of 105 K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from the sputum samples of ICU patients were identified and confirmed using standard microbiological tests and 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all the isolates. The presence of ESBL genes was determined phenotypically and by PCR. Results: The highest level of resistance was observed against ceftazidime (100%), cefotaxime (99%), and imipenem (93.3%). Approximately 87.6% and 39% of the isolates were sensitive to colistin and gentamicin, respectively. Phenotypic ESBL production was observed in 16 isolates, and the prevalence of blaCTX-M was 86.7%. No blaGES and blaIMP genes were detected. Conclusions: Periodic investigation of AMR-mediating genes is essential due to the high prevalence of ESBL genes in HAIs. The presence of other ESBL genes needs to be investigated for a more accurate understanding of the AMR status of K. pneumoniae in healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Duplication in 668 to 672 Sites of UL54 Gene in Cytomegalovirus Ganciclovir Resistant Liver Transplanted Patients","authors":"Leila Jalilsani, Ramin Yaghobi, Bita Geramizadeh, Afsoon Afshari, Mohammadhossein Karimi","doi":"10.5812/jjm-137970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-137970","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In liver transplant recipients, human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant concern. Ganciclovir is the preferred medication for treating widespread CMV infections. In some cases, patients might require high doses of treatment for CMV infections that are resistant to ganciclovir, although liver transplant patients who have received extended ganciclovir and valganciclovir prophylaxis have reported infrequent cases of ganciclovir-resistant CMV infections. Mutations in the UL54 gene, responsible for encoding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase, can result in resistance. Objectives: In this study, the focus was on UL54 mutations and their association with ganciclovir resistance. Methods: In this study, 23 liver transplant recipients who were admitted to the transplant departments of Namazi and Abu Ali Sina hospitals within 2015 and 2017 were examined. Cytomegalovirus infection was then confirmed in them using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The UL54 mutations were found after electrophoresis using the nested PCR method, and the PCR products were subsequently sequenced using the Sanger method. Sequence analysis and locating of UL54 mutations were performed using Finch software (version 1.4.0). Results: After sequencing 52 samples from 23 patients, 25 mutations in the UL54 gene were identified in 9 patients who were CMV-infected, occurring at a median of 32 days after transplant. These mutations, including S655L (10/9, 40%), N685S (8/9, 32%), F669L (4/9, 16%), A688V (2/9, 8%), and the novel AK124703.1: p.V668-G672dup (1/9, 4%), were detected in 9 liver transplant recipients over a median period of 2 years in the UL54 gene. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted to investigate the origins of these mutations in CMV isolated from the Iranian population. Conclusions: Considering that treatment with the drug ganciclovir has led to resistance mutations, particularly the new AK124703.1:p.V668-G672dup mutation, and inefficiency in treatment, it is necessary to determine drug-resistant CMV strains and closely monitor these patients. This includes determining viral load, assessing response to treatment, and identifying non-response at regular intervals until the viral load is completely eradicated in order to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":"218 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Salivary Glands as Reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 and the Contagiousness of Saliva in Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Is Delta Variant More Contagious?","authors":"Kazem Savojbolaghchi Khiabani, Niloofar Neisi, Shahrokh Raiesian, Houman Sina, Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq","doi":"10.5812/jjm-139773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-139773","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection transmits when aerosols or droplets containing the virus are inhaled or come directly into contact, mainly in close contact with an infected person. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of the salivary glands in the secretion of SARS-CoV-2-infected saliva and determine the contagiousness of saliva in asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study between March 2021 and March 2022, 85 asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals with positive nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were recruited. The SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) value was investigated in concomitant nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), saliva, and pure saliva (collected directly from the salivary duct opening) using Real Time-PCR assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 23), and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The saliva Ct-value was the lowest (the highest viral load) for Delta (29.82 ± 4.66), Omicron (32.75 ± 4.82), and Alpha (36.83 ± 4.8) variants, respectively. Delta-infected saliva and pure saliva revealed the strongest correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.971, P < 0.001). Saliva Ct-value was significantly lower in Delta- (P < 0.001) and Omicron- (P = 0.012) infected patients than in Alpha-infected patients. The pure saliva Ct-value was significantly lower (P = 0.014) in Delta samples (30.13 ± 4.51). Asymptomatic Alpha- and Omicron-infected patients revealed significantly lower NPS Ct-value (30.52 ± 4.02 and 29.44 ± 3.34) than the saliva (36.83 ± 4.8 and 32.75 ± 4.82). Conclusions: The major salivary glands secrete SARS-CoV-2-infected saliva in nearly all Delta-infected and most Omicron-infected asymptomatic individuals. Although the transmission process is complex, saliva droplets and aerosols seem to have a higher contagiousness potential in individuals infected with the Delta variant.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":"4 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135683875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutation Interest in the Receptor-Binding Domain of Spike Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in the Northwest of Iran","authors":"Chiman Karami, Vahid Asghariazar, Yasamin Pahlavan, Kamyar Mazloum Jalali, Ahmad Tajehmiri, Mohammad GhorbaniVanan, Elham Safarzadeh","doi":"10.5812/jjm-137863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-137863","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been undergoing variation. Most of the variants cause no concern for human health. Some others have had worse outcomes in terms of transmissibility, vaccination resistance, and, generally, the survival of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Objectives: This study investigated the mutation of interest in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from 40 swap samples. Next, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was carried out to detect the RBD. Investigation of SARS-COV-2 RBD was performed completely by phylogenetic and tree alignment. The multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of the biological sequence of RBD was created by BioEdit, Snap Gene, and MEGA software and was then compared to sequences of different variants of SARS-COV-2 in the GenBank (National Center for Biotechnology Information). The Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GSAID) was used to detect mutations in the RBD sequence. Results: Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) RBD domain showed that the RBD domain sequence obtained from the Iranian patients' highest identity by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 isolate MZ907347. Several mutations of interest, including A475V, L452R, V483A, and F490L, were detected in the RBD region. However, the dN/dS analysis detected positive selection in RBD regions. Conclusions: Amino acid changes in the surface protein can significantly alter the viral function and/or interactions with neutralizing antibodies. Most of the nucleotide changes in the spike gene reduce infectivity. The V503W and P521Q mutations reduce infectivity, the A522Q mutation increases sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies, and the H519T mutation decreases susceptibility to convalescent sera.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Bacterial Co-Infection on Hospitalized Children with Human Rhinovirus and Human Metapneumovirus Infections: A Retrospective Analytical Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Qing Wan, Ya-wei Li, Ying Cheng, Hongbo Hu","doi":"10.5812/jjm-139106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-139106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human rhinovirus (HRV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are common viral causes of pediatric respiratory tract infections. Bacterial co-infections frequently complicate HRV and hMPV illnesses in children, but the interactions between viral and bacterial pathogens and their impacts on disease severity are not well understood. Objectives: The present research aimed to analyze and compare the clinical features of HRV and hMPV mono-infections in hospitalized children and to assess the impact of bacterial co-infection on the disease severity of HRV and hMPV infections. Methods: The present retrospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the clinical features between HRV and hMPV mono-infections and HRV and hMPV with bacterial co-infections in hospitalized children aged 14 years or younger. Results: Between January and December 2022, we investigated 1,978 children hospitalized with HRV infection, of which 1,529 had HRV mono-infection and 1,117 hospitalized with hMPV infection, among whom 910 had hMPV mono-infection. Compared to HRV, hMPV mono-infection exhibited more pronounced symptoms of fever, cough, and rales in most age groups, while HRV showed more wheezing. Except in patients ≥ 6 years old, hMPV was more associated with pneumonia and longer hospitalizations. In contrast to HRV mono-infections, children with bacterial co-infections had a higher proportion of coughs (P < 0.001), pneumonia (P < 0.001), pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions (P < 0.001), and longer hospitalizations (P = 0.003). Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatments showed no significant differences between patients with hMPV mono-infection and co-infection. Conclusions: Among hospitalized children, hMPV mono-infection resulted in more severe respiratory illnesses compared to HRV mono-infection. Bacterial co-infections exacerbated disease severity in HRV infections.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}