Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi最新文献

{"title":"İki Bölgeli Ara Isıtmalı Termal Güç Sisteminde Yük Frekans Kontrolü için Kesir Hesabına Dayalı Denetleyici Tasarımı","authors":"Alper Kemal Güli̇çer, Mustafa Şinasi Ayas","doi":"10.31466/kfbd.1366141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1366141","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada iki bölgeli ara ısıtmalı termal güç sisteminde yük frekans kontrolü için kesir hesabına dayalı farklı denetleyici tasarımları gerçekleştirilmiştir. İki bölgeli ara ısıtmalı termal güç sistemi için doğrusal model oluşturulmuş, bu model için iki farklı yük değişimi göz önüne alınmış ve dört farklı denetleyicinin performansları gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmada tasarımı yapılan ve incelenen denetleyiciler, oransal-integral-türev (PID), eğimli-integral-türev (TID), filtreli eğimli-integral-türev (TIDF) ve kesirli filtreli eğimli-integral-türev (TIDFF) denetleyicilerdir. Denge optimizasyon algoritması kullanılarak, hata tabanlı performans metriklerinden biri olan zaman ağırlıklı mutlak hatanın toplam değerini minimum seviyeye çeken denetleyicilerin tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarlanan denetleyicilerin kullanılmasıyla ile elde edilen bağlantı hattı gücü değişim grafikleri ve frekans değişimi grafikleri bulgularda verilmiş ve bu grafikler üstünden elde edilen oturma zamanı, alt aşma ve üst aşma değerleri tablolar ile karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Kesir hesabına dayalı denetleyicilerin (TID, TIDF ve TIDFF), geleneksel PID denetleyicilerden daha verimli olduğu görülmüştür.","PeriodicalId":17795,"journal":{"name":"Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"5 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allisin ve Diallil Disülfitin Moleküler Yerleştirme ve Reaktif Bölgelerinin Tanımlanması (Homo–Lumo, Mep): Potansiyel Antikanser İnhibitörü","authors":"Sevtap Çağlar Yavuz","doi":"10.31466/kfbd.1307190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1307190","url":null,"abstract":"Natural products have historically made a significant contribution to pharmacotherapy, especially for cancer diseases. Garlic contains a variety of bioactive molecules with anticancer effects, including allicin and diallyl disulfide. In this study, optimization computations were performed in the Gaussian 09 W utilizing the DFT with functional B3LYP method/6-31++G(d,p) basis set for allicin and diallyl disulfide. Drug-likeness and ADME-Tox properties were examined. Molecular docking was achieved to research the biological knowledge of allicin and diallyl disulfide. The protein preferred in these computations is the crystal structure of the 5XGN, EGFR mutants T790M/C797S complex. The binding energies for the allicin and diallyl disulfide molecules-EGFR mutants T790M/C797S complex were computed as -8.3 kcal/mol and -8.2 kcal/mol respectively. Meaningful results were achieved for these two compounds.","PeriodicalId":17795,"journal":{"name":"Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"8 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138970653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Şebeke Bağlantılı Güneş Enerji Santrali’nin Modellenmesi ve Simülasyon Analizi: Ağrı/Çukurçayır Köyü 999 kW Güneş Enerjisi Santrali Örneği","authors":"Barışcan Öztürk, Ömür Akyazi, Mertkan Şahi̇n, Güler Yilmaz","doi":"10.31466/kfbd.1327312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1327312","url":null,"abstract":"Enerji sektöründeki teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının enerji üretimindeki yeri gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu artış son yıllarda dünyada ve ülkemizdeki güneş enerji santrallerine dikkatleri yöneltmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Ağrı ilinde bulunan Palma güneş enerji santralinin (Palma GES) PVsyst ve PVGIS yazılımları üzerinde benzetim çalışması yapılmıştır. GES’in enerji üretiminin hangi parametrelere bağlı olduğu incelenmiştir. PVsyst simülasyonunda SARAH-1 meteorolojik veri tabanı, PVGIS’de ise SARAH-2 meteorolojik veri tabanı kullanılmıştır. Bu veri tabanlarının GEPA değerlerine olan yakınlığı analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan benzetim çalışmaları sonucunda elde edilen elektrik üretim değerleriyle santralin gerçek üretim değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Simülasyon programlarında kullanılan meteorolojik veri tabanlarının farklı olması ve yazılımlarının kapsamı nedeniyle elektrik üretim değerlerinde farkların olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte simülasyon programları karşılaştırıldığında PVsyst yazılımı daha detaylı ve analitik sonuç raporu çıkarmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda PVsyst değerlerinin gerçek santral üretim değerlerinden %4,3 daha fazla, PVGIS üretim sonucunun ise %2,3 daha az olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.","PeriodicalId":17795,"journal":{"name":"Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"4 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bazı İntegral Denklemlerin Nokta Kollokasyon Yöntemiyle Çözümü","authors":"Birkan Durak, Hasan Ömür Özer, Şule Kapkin, Hüseyin Yildiz","doi":"10.31466/kfbd.1372548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1372548","url":null,"abstract":"In several engineering or physics problems, particularly those involving electromagnetic theory, thermal and radiation effects, acoustics, elasticity, and some fluid mechanics, it is not always easy or possible to find the analytical solution of integral equations that describe them. For this reason, numerical techniques are used. In this study, Point-collocation method was applied to linear and nonlinear, Volterra and Fredholm type integral equations and the performance and accuracy of the method was compared with several other methods that seem to be popular choices. As the base functions, a suitably chosen family of polynomials were employed. The convergence of the method was verified by increasing the number of polynomial base functions. The results demonstrate that the collocation method performs well even with a relatively low number of base functions and is a good candidate for solving a wide variety of integral equations. Nonlinear problems take longer to calculate approximate solution coefficients than linear problems. Furthermore, it is necessary to use the real and smallest coefficients found in order to obtain a suitable approximate solution to these problems.","PeriodicalId":17795,"journal":{"name":"Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"279 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric Diversity for Rootstock Characteristics of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) Populations in The Western Black Sea Region of Türkiye","authors":"Ali İslam, S. Ayan, Ali Turan, Muharrem Yilmaz, Selim Karagol, Salih Çolak","doi":"10.31466/kfbd.1285059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1285059","url":null,"abstract":"The Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) is native to Türkiye, where it is found only in small, scattered, and isolated populations within its natural distribution area. These remaining populations are of critical importance for conservation, for continued use as a natural reservoir, and natural selection. The trees are up to 400 years old and already well-adapted to harsh environmental conditions. In recent years, this species has drawn the attention of agriculture and forest practitioners and scientists in several countries who use this important and valuable tree species in studies of the effects of climate change. The origin and genotype of the reproductive material of this species play a key role in its adaptation to environmental conditions, and possible cultivation. The purpose of this study is to reveal the variation of genotypes selected from 13 different populations in Kastamonu and Bolu provinces in terms of rootstock characteristics. These regions are the locations where the Turkish tree hazel is most abundant. For this aim, the growth habit, vigor, number of suckers, and internode of one-year-old shoots were scored on the parent trees. A Kruskal Wallis-H test was applied to the non-parametric data to determine if there were differences among the populations for each variable and the total number of points. Then the Mann-Whitney-U test was used for differences among the groups. In addition, the phylogenetic relationship among the populations and genotypes was revealed by Cluster analysis. Among the rootstocks scored, KTU3 and KTU64 provided the highest score according to non-suckering and strong growth. It has been observed that individuals in Turkish hazelnut populations generally do not form suckers (%89.4) and show strong growth. C. colurna trees were observed to be individual and scattered in the population. Most of the trees are elderly and need to be protected in situ. Turkish hazel population will play a key role in production and sustainable such as to develop rootstock and variety in agriculture production, sustainable forest development, and for ecological adaptation in climate change scenarios.","PeriodicalId":17795,"journal":{"name":"Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acı Su Koşullarında Avrupa Deniz Levreklerinde (Dicentrarchus labrax) Mycobacterium marinum Enfeksiyonu","authors":"Ezgi Di̇nçtürk, T. Tanrikul","doi":"10.31466/kfbd.1313208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1313208","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacteriosis is a well-known zoonotic disease that affects both fish and human. The pathogen, Mycobacterium marinum, cause systemic and lethal disease in fish and can be observed in farmed and aquarium species. In this study, M.marinum infection was detected in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) with common clinical and pathological findings in brackish water conditions (3.92 ‰). Granulomas in the enlarged spleen and liver were observed. The pathogen was isolated on Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J) media and the molecular identification verified the causative agent as M.marinum. Several granulomas were detected in histopathological examination. European sea bass has one of the highest production numbers in Türkiye, and this study aims to present mycobacteriosis in detail with clinical and pathological effects on European sea bass from brackish water conditions.","PeriodicalId":17795,"journal":{"name":"Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"25 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farklı Malathion Konsantrasyonlarının Kültürel Koşullarda Alg Büyümesi Üzerine Etkileri","authors":"E. Soylu, Bengü Temizel","doi":"10.31466/kfbd.1305969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1305969","url":null,"abstract":"Malathion is one of the insecticides commonly used to control hazelnut pests in hazelnut orchards in Giresun region. This insecticide pollutes lakes, rivers and sea waters by drifting from the soil with rain, flood and snow waters. In this study, Scenedesmus sp. cultures were prepared in BG-11 medium for use in laboratory experiments. It was aimed to determine the change in algal growth due to the increase in malathion concentration applied to these cultures. Growth of strains in cultures treated with malathion at doses of 0.05 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L were compared with those grown in non-malathion cultures. In addition, pH was measured and chlorophyll-a values were also calculated for the control group and the cultures to which malathion was added during the study. Cell number showed different changes over time according to pesticide concentrations. The highest number of cells was 3.61x106 cells/ml at 10 mg/L dose at the end of 24th hour and the lowest number of cells was 2.05x106 cells/ml at 10 mg/L dose at the end of 48th hour. pH values did not fluctuate much and generally decreased at the end of 96th hour. The lowest chlorophyll-a was calculated as 0.35 µg/L at 96th hour. As a result, it was determined that the doses studied negatively affected algal growth, although not too much.","PeriodicalId":17795,"journal":{"name":"Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sm2O3 Nadir Toprak Oksit Katkılı Al2O3 Seramiklerinin Mikro Yapısının ve Eğilme Dayanımının İncelenmesi: Hacim Oranlarının ve Sinterleme Sıcaklıklarının Etkisi","authors":"Seda Taşdemi̇r, Betül Kafkaslıoğlu Yıldız, Elif Işik, Yahya Tür","doi":"10.31466/kfbd.1323317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1323317","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of low amounts (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 2vol%) of Sm2O3 on the densification, microstructure, and bending strength of Al2O3 were studied for different sintering temperatures. Sm2O3 and Al2O3 powders were mixed by ball milling, and Al2O3-Sm2O3 ceramics were prepared by dry and cold isostatic pressing in disc form before pressureless sintering at 1550°C and 1600°C/2 h in the air, separately. Sm2O3 reacted with Al2O3 by forming SmAlO3. The rod-like morphology of the SmAlO3 was generally achieved for 0.8 and 1vol% Sm2O3 for sintering at 1600°C, whereas the rod-like form was more obvious for the samples sintered at 1550°C. Similar relative densities were attained for all Sm2O3 ratios at both sintering temperatures, but the Al2O3 sintered at 1550°C exhibited higher densification than the Al2O3 sintered at 1600°C. The strength values were close, while a strength increase of about 5% was obtained for 0.5 vol% Sm2O3 containing ceramics sintered at 1600°C caused by the higher densification compared to the Al2O3. The strength showed a prominent drop above the ratio of 0.1 vol% Sm2O3 for sintering at 1550°C. The addition of present amounts of Sm2O3 did not have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of Al2O3 but it changed the microstructure.","PeriodicalId":17795,"journal":{"name":"Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Risks for a New Food Processing Facility Using the ISO 31000 Risk Management Framework and ALARP Principle","authors":"Betül Kara, Minel Canbaz, Ezgi Sude Doğhan, Ertugrul Ayyıldız","doi":"10.31466/kfbd.1335322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1335322","url":null,"abstract":"Risk analizi ve yönetimi, işletmelerin karşılaşabilecekleri olası tehlikeleri belirleyerek bu risklere etkin bir şekilde yanıt verme sürecidir. Risk analizi ve yönetimi, organizasyonların daha iyi kararlar vermesini, operasyonel verimliliği artırmasını ve kriz durumlarına hazırlıklı olmasını sağlar. Ayrıca, risklerin önceden belirlenmesi ve uygun önlemlerin alınması, finansal kayıpların azaltılmasına ve itibarın korunmasına yardımcı olur. Aynı zamanda, kriz durumlarına hazırlıklı olmayı ve itibarın korunmasını sağlar. Bu süreç, riskleri tanımlama, analiz etme, önceliklendirme ve uygun önlemleri alma adımlarını içerir. Risk analizi, organizasyonun faaliyetleri ve hedefleri dikkate alınarak potansiyel tehlikelerin belirlenmesini sağlar. Ardından, riskler önceliklendirilerek en yüksek önceliğe sahip olanlara öncelik verilir ve riskleri azaltmak veya ortadan kaldırmak için uygun önlemler alınır. Bu çalışmada yeni bir gıda işleme tesisi için risk analizi uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda tesisin karşılaşması muhtemel riskler belirlemiştir. Belirlenen riskler iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından olabileceği gibi yeni bir tesis üzerine çalışılması sebebiyle sektörden kaynaklanan riskler de olabilir. Çalışma kapsamında literatürde bulunan çeşitli risk değerlendirme yöntemlerine başvurulmuştur ve elde edilen sonuçlar ile hedeflendiği gibi risklerin yönetilmesi sağlanmıştır.","PeriodicalId":17795,"journal":{"name":"Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Büyük (Grand) Lorentz Uzaylarının Bazı Temel Özellikleri","authors":"İlker Eryilmaz, Gökhan Işik","doi":"10.31466/kfbd.1272911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1272911","url":null,"abstract":"Lebesgue uzayı kavramı büyük Lebesgue uzayı kavramına ağırlıklı ve ağırlıksız olarak genelleştirilmiş olup klasik Lorentz uzayı kavramıda benzer mantıkla büyük Lorentz uzaylarına genelleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada büyük Lorentz uzaylarını yeniden düzenleme fonksiyonu ile normlandırmak yerine maksimal fonksiyon kullanarak için yeniden düzenlemeler altında değişmez olan bir Banach fonksiyon uzayı olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca büyük Lorentz uzaylarındaki kapsama özellikleri incelenmiştir.","PeriodicalId":17795,"journal":{"name":"Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}