{"title":"Power conversion equipment for data processing and telecommunications systems","authors":"Paul Katzaroff","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793620","url":null,"abstract":"Sources of problems which may affect the data processing (DP) and telecommunications operations are related to either software problems, hardware malfunctions or environmental conditions. Included in the latter category are input power problems, grounding type problems and failure of the support equipment such as the HVAC system, smoke and fire alarm system, security system, etc. Among all of these various types of problems, the most unpredictable and most frequently encountered are the problems related to the input power requirements of the DP equipment. The subject of this paper is power disturbances and the type of equipment which is available to correct, stabilize or convert the normal utility power to the acceptable limits of DP and telecommunications equipment.","PeriodicalId":177302,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121416709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Power Frequency Converter","authors":"H. Nienhaus, J. Bowers, J. Brooks","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793660","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new approach to the realization of a power frequency converter. The system is designed to accept either a three phase or single phase input with an unregulated frequency and to produce a single phase output with a precise 60 hz frequency. The system uses only one high speed power transistor switch and two SCR's featuring zero crossover switching. With a three phase input, the only power filter required in the system is designed to filter out a 25 Khz chopper frequency.","PeriodicalId":177302,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122733580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hilton Gomes De Carvalho Junior, Odilon Antonio Camargo Do Amarante, B. Koike
{"title":"Development of Wind Energy Converters to Power Microwave Relay Stations Under Brazilian Meteorological Conditions","authors":"Hilton Gomes De Carvalho Junior, Odilon Antonio Camargo Do Amarante, B. Koike","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793675","url":null,"abstract":"As oil przices gn higher, Brazilian energetic problems ir.creaue due to a daily oil consumption of about I million banm1u, of which 05% Is imported. The proportion of the differont power source-s uader use in Brazil iu ctupared in Fi .1. A astionwide effort is beinS made aiming to find subs titucen for-oil dorivates in their difforent uses, includint, the euergy supply to the vast Brasilian telecommunica tiona network. Brazil's sala enlergetic reaouce consists of a great hydroelectric potencial, itc assessed part being enough to comply with the sntion's electric energy demand until year 2000 (Fig.2). Mineral coal, fairly abundant though of poor quality, Is an offective alternative, ainly for hoet generation. ths nattou'a oil produetion, an the other bAnd, sight supply 40% of the derand in 1987. Firwood and sugar-cane thresh are other effective alternatives. As nearly all of its territory is steadily sun-dren ched, Brasil might use this as an important energetic hand'cap. It sa beueed, for instatce, for the intensive agricultural production of alternative fuels (methanol, atbmaol); for hot water end steam production through collec tora: for large scale generation of electricity (solar fars and other methods), through direct conrersion to alectric energy by mekne of photocell. ar tidirectly tbroueit the utilizaticn of the winds. Tn the tsleconmunications field the main means for re ducing the use of oil are the intensive use of renewable fuel3, hydroelectric energy (supplied to the stations by the commercial networks), direct conversion of solar energy (by means of photocalls) and wind energy (aerogenerators).","PeriodicalId":177302,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124825794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lithium Batteries Provide Standby Power for Volatile Memories","authors":"William D. Stakem, A. Schneider","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793639","url":null,"abstract":"Long-life battery systems are discussed in this paper as a cost effective standby power source for data retention in volatile memory systems. Continuing development of these power sources has resulted in batteries to satisfy many of the memory backup needs in the rapidly expanding microprocessor and minicomputer applications field, especially with random access memories based on CMOS and other low current technologies. Desirable battery characteristics for memory backup applications such as low self-discharge, long operating life, high energy density and reliability are discussed, as well as battery design features for lithium-iodine and other lithium cells. A comparison of various commercially available lithium and secondary power sources is presented. Important factors in battery selection are listed such as capacity ratings, shelf life and battery leakage, as well as battery application guidelines.","PeriodicalId":177302,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116450679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and Design of an Adaptive Multi-Loop Controlled Two Winding Buck/Boost Regulator","authors":"M. Mahmoud, F. Lee","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793643","url":null,"abstract":"Small signal low frequency linear average model is derived for a multi-loop controlled two-winding buck/boost converter employing average techniques and the describing function method. The model reveals that a well-designed multi-loop control can provide a second-order zero adaptive to output filter parameter changes due to component tolerances, temperature changes, aging, and the effect of duty cycle modulation. It also can provide stabilization effect by shifting the positive zero to the left-half S-plane. Design quidelines are formulated to optimize regulator-loop dependent characteristics.","PeriodicalId":177302,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123035505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masahiro Yamamoto, K. Kobayashi, H. Yokoyama, F. Ihara
{"title":"\"Electronic Universal Load\"","authors":"Masahiro Yamamoto, K. Kobayashi, H. Yokoyama, F. Ihara","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793605","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the specifications, characteristics, functions, and examples of applications of the Electronic Universal Load developed for use in the developement of power supply units, their testing and income inspection. The function of controlling load current by entering a BCD code permits, among other functions, automatic testing through connection to a computer. This paper gives a detailed description of the primary functions offered by the equipment: 1) Protection against Over Power 2) Rise and Fall Time Control at Switching Mode (di/dt Function) 3) Current Detection using Current Balance Emitter Resistance 4) Digital Setting Function in Constant Resistance Mode","PeriodicalId":177302,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"329 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132195908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impulse Strength Measurement: A New Technique for Analyzing Power-Supply System Performance Under Actual Field Conditions","authors":"S. Tharp, Philip Cox","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793606","url":null,"abstract":"\"Impulse Strength\" is a relatively new parameter, having been defined officially as \"the area under the amplitude-time relation for the impulse\". In power systems, impulse strength is measured in volt-seconds, and it can be a critical factor in determining the \"worst-case\" performance of power-supply regulators, \"line conditioners,\" or so-called \"uninterruptible\" systems. Mathematical analysis of the effect of an impulse on a typical filtered power supply shows that the amplitude of the transient at the output is almost directly proportional to the volt-second area (impulse strength) and virtually independent of the peak impulse amplitude. Another example relates the impulse strength, its source impedance, and the load's breakdown impedance to the destructive power of an impulse. With the recent advent of instrumentation for measuring and recording impulse strength over wide ranges, it is now posible to test systems \"in situ\". It is also now feasible to write power-supply, UPS, and system specifications so that the reliability of these systems is assured, even in environments having high impulse incidence and strength.","PeriodicalId":177302,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128601160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economics of Protected AC Power Systems for Computers","authors":"M. Goldstein","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793613","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology for determining the benefits of protected ac power systems for computers is presented based upon considerations of power line disturbances, economic impact of computer outages and costs of implementing and operating the power systems. All relevant expenses are combined to compute life cycle costs and payback periods for alternative protected ac power systems.","PeriodicalId":177302,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125372308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a Compact Diesel Alternator Set Utilizing a Lightweight, High-Speed, Automotive Diesel Engine","authors":"R. Kenny, F. Verbeke","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793630","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this development was a stationary, standby, diesel engine alternator set in the 20 to 30kW capacity range that can be applied in telephone offices without the need for a dedicated engine room. It was further desired to minimize the effort of application engineering, installation and building modification for this set. The result of the development is an automatic engine alternator set utilizing a lightweight, high-speed, automotive diesel engine in a vertical configuration. Included in the set's enclosure are transfer switch control; meters and alarms; starting and control batteries and their rectifiers; output circuit breaker; fuel handling system that will take fuel directly from a buried tank; radiator cooling system; and exhaust gas silencer system. The set is contained in a sound attenuating enclosure that is 34\" wide, 36\" deep and 85\" high. The set does not consume either room air or add any significant heat load to the room.","PeriodicalId":177302,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125751195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standard Long-Range Operating Stations in Shelters with Integrated Thermal-Syphon System","authors":"F. Schmalzl","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1979.4793654","url":null,"abstract":"In the spring of 1978 the trade press carried a story about a small radio relay station in the North African desert titled \"The Night Provides Coolness in the Heat of the Desert Sun\". The sensational news was that, for the first time ever, electronic communication equipments housed in an insulated, 1, 3 m3 shelter were cooled by a cooling system that uses no energy and operates without pumps and ventilators. In fact, this new radio relay station replaced the conventional system housed in a permanent structure. Replacing the conventional air conditioning system with the new cooling system also made it possible to remove the diesel generator set, which required frequent maintenance. The energy requirement for the radio relay system was reduced to 80 W, which is now supplied by a virtually maintenance-free thermogenerator mounted together with the shelter on a metal frame.","PeriodicalId":177302,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126891800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}