12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions最新文献

{"title":"Risk Management and Built Heritage: Towards a Systematic Approach","authors":"A. Konsta, S. Della Torre","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.215","url":null,"abstract":"During the last years, the risk management has been recognised as a more effective approach to the conservation decision-making process. Significant contribution in this direction is the development of the European standard Conservation process – Decision making, planning and implementation (EN 16853:2017), where the risk evaluation becomes an important component of the conservation process, necessary for the identification, evaluation and selection of the conservation options. This paper discusses the classification of risks as a tool for the analysis, the evaluation and the management of risks for the built heritage. Existing typologies of risk vary according to the selected criteria on which they are based and their utility/scope within the risk management process. Indicative examples of risk classification proposed in different fields are examined. The comparison of the selected criteria for analysing risks and the reflection upon their relevant aspects to the built heritage conservation provide a frame for a systematic approach to the built heritage management.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116007891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Heritage Exposed to Natural Hazards: the Case Study of the Convent of San Domenico in Maiori","authors":"R. Landolfo, C. Tarantino, F. Portioli, L. Cascini","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.065","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays it is widely recognized that structural interventions on cultural heritage buildings shall comply with the minimum intervention principles. The main goal is to enhance the structural capacity respecting, at the same time, the authenticity of the monument. As such, the correct interpretation of the current damage is a first fundamental step for the design of an efficient structural intervention. Within this framework, this paper presents the results of an in depth investigation carried out to assess and evaluate the structural capacity of a complex case study affected by several deficiencies . The case study is the convent of Saint Domenico, a monumental seventeenth century’s masonry structure belonging to the traditional architectural typology of the court building and characterized by the presence of a large variety of vaulted systems. The building is located in Maiori, a small quaint town in the Amalfi Coast (Italy), a site of great cultural and naturalistic interest, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1997. The Convent of Saint Domenico is an important and unique monument for the city of Maiori, from an architectural and artistic point of view. It contains interesting elements of baroque architecture and remarkable artistic items, such as a fresco by the local painter Gaetano Capone. In addition, the large dimensions of the building, which are unusual for the local architecture, lead the convent to be an important spatial resource for the entire coastal area. The structure was abandoned during the 80s, and currently presents an extensive and diffuse crack pattern that is the consequence of several causes such as: the natural aging of material, the lack of maintenance, the modifications occurred during the centuries, the seismic events occurred in the past but also the poor quality of the foundation soil. In this paper, the knowledge acquisition path of the Convent is introduced first. The historical analysis is critically introduced, providing a special focus on the structural transformation occurred over the time. An accurate survey of the building geometry, with the aid of the photogrammetric technique Structure from motion, and the current crack pattern are presented. A first interpretation of damage state is provided and kinematic analysis are carried out to identify the main potential collapse mechanisms .","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114189450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Protected Landmark Monument: Reinforcement, Rehabilitation, and Restoration of the Cathedral Basilica of Manizales","authors":"O. Cardona., S. Prieto","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.013","url":null,"abstract":". The Cathedral Basilica of Manizales is one of the most representative buildings of the so-called \"republican architecture\", boosted in a remarkable and singular way after the fires of the 1920s in the city of Manizales, Colombia. Its \"eclectic neo-gothic\" design was made in Paris, after the fire that destroyed the city's previous cathedral in 1926. This masterpiece of Colombian architecture turned ninety years old in 2018 after the first stone was laid in 1928. Its construction was carried out in \"reinforced cement\"; few decades after the appearance of reinforced concrete. During its ninety years, the cathedral suffered earthquakes of high intensity, in 1938, 1962 and 1979, which have significantly compromised its structure. Earthquake-resistant rehabilitation studies to preserve the temple, declared a National Monument in 1984, were promoted at the end of the 1990s. They were the diagnosis of the structural conditions of seismic vulnerability and how it could be provided a greater capacity of response in terms of stiffness, resistance and dissipation of energy, as well as the diagnosis of the state and pathology of the materials. This included geotechnical studies of seismic amplification, dynamic behavior using environmental vibrations, 3D virtual modeling, and structural analysis, even with finite elements. For the reinforcement, the intervention of the base of the central spire was proposed, the control of the stability of the four corner spires, the construction of new structural walls joined in strategic","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114468806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforced Concrete Floors in Historic Buildings from the Beginning and the Middle of the 20th Century - Examples of Structural Strengthening in the Process of Revitalization","authors":"G. Dmochowski, P. Berkowski, J. Szołomicki, M. Minch","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.204","url":null,"abstract":". The paper presents a historical outline of structural solutions of reinforced concrete floors from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries to the half of the 20th century in the Lower Silesia region of Poland. It is based on the analysis of archival documentation and expert research carried out during the design of the revitalization of historic public and industrial buildings. The structural typology of some simple RC floors slabs used in that time of introduction of concrete into construction life as well as constructional solutions of buildings erected in western Poland in those days are presented. Nowadays, while some of these buildings undergo refurbishment process to adapt them to new functional aims these RC floors have to be strengthened using different methods, depending on the assessment results. In some of the presented design study cases assessed technical state and load bearing capacity of floors ensure the possibility of their further use without the need for significant reinforcements, except for the need for surface material repairs. However, in some cases due to concrete deterioration processes and loss of its durability, despite necessity of material renovation, structural strengthening methods needed to be applied. For example, increasing the load bearing capacity of floors by making additional concrete layers cooperating with the existing reinforced concrete slab or by changing the static scheme by making new supports up","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117026645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe Estimation of Minimum Thickness of Circular Masonry Arches Considering Stereotomy and Different Rotational Failure Modes","authors":"O. Gáspár, I. Sajtos, A. Sipos","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.216","url":null,"abstract":"Limit state analysis of masonry arches sets to assess the safety of the structure by determining the minimum thickness that just contains a thrust line, which, and by extension the resulting minimum thickness, is not unique for given arch geometry and loading: it is also subject to stereotomy [1]. Present paper follows the equilibrium method of the kinematic approach and adopts the Heymanian assumptions [2] regarding material qualities. The equilibrium method relies on the a-priori definition of kinematically admissible failure modes and determines the corresponding minimum thickness still resulting equilibrium. In this study, circular arches of constant thickness subject to self-load are considered. Their eccentricity (from the axes of the semi-circle) are parametrized by αt, αs, describing their ‘pointiness’ and opening angle, respectively. Due to the assumption of infinite friction, only rotational failure modes are considered. The paper identifies five different types (subject to geometry) in agreement with previous findings of the literature [3], labelled, based on the number of concurrent hinges, as 5-h1, 5-h2a, 5h-2b, 6-h and 7-h (see the Figure). The latter is analytically proven to be the maximum number of concurrent hinges for circular arches, if αs≤π/2. Stereotomy of a standing structure is not always known, hence it is relevant to seek a stereotomy related bounding value of minimum thickness for each of the various failure modes. The analysis was simplified if there would be one distinguished thrust line (i.e. stereotomy), resulting bounding values for all cases. The envelope of resultants (linked to vertical stereotomy) results upper bound minimum thickness and hence provides a safe estimation for the semi-circular arch (5-h1 type) – therefor it seems a natural candidate. The ranges of stereotomy related minimum thicknesses are defined for circular arches (see a section of the solution space in the Figure). It is shown, that the envelope of resultants does not generally result a bounding value minimum thickness, only in the case of 5-h1 and 5-h2b modes. Moreover, it leads to a lower bound in the latter case – an unsafe estimation. The paper derives both upper and lower bounds for the other failure modes and provides the necessary stereotomies leading to them. It is also explicitly shown, that stereotomy not only affects the minimum thickness value, but the corresponding failure mode as well (for certain arch geometries). Findings of the paper support the theoretical relevance of stereotomy-related studies of the stability of masonry arches.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117326511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Testing of Two Novel Stress Sensors for SHM of Masonry Structures","authors":"L. La Mendola, M. Oddo, M. Papia, F. Pappalardo, A. Pennisi, G. Bertagnoli, F. Di Trapani, A. Monaco, F. Parisi, S. Barile","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128400470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Macroscale Modelling Approach for Nonlinear Analysis of Masonry Arch Bridges","authors":"B. Pantò, C. Chisari, L. Macorini, B. Izzuddin","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.008","url":null,"abstract":". Masonry arches represent the most important structural components of masonry arch bridges. Their response is strongly affected by material nonlinearity which is associated with the masonry texture. For this reason, the use of mesoscale models, where units and mortar joints are individually represented, enables accurate response predictions under different loading conditions. However, these detailed models can be very computationally demanding and unsuitable for practical assessments of large structures. In this regard, the use of macro-models, based on simplified homogenised continuum representations for masonry, can be preferable as it leads to a drastic reduction of the computational burden. On the other hand, the latter modelling approach requires accurate calibration of the model parameters to correctly allow for masonry bond. In the present paper, a simplified macro-modelling strategy, particularly suitable for nonlinear analysis of multi-ring brick-masonry arches, is proposed and validated. A numerical calibration procedure, based on genetic algorithms, is used to evaluate the macro-model parameters from the results of meso- scale “virtual” tests. The proposed macroscale description and the calibration procedure are applied to simulate the nonlinear behaviour up to collapse of two multi-ring arches previously tested in laboratory and then to predict the response of masonry arches interacting with backfill material. The numerical results confirm the ability of the proposed modelling strategy for masonry arches to predict the actual nonlinear response and complex failure mechanisms, also induced by ring separation, with a reduced computational cost compared to detailed mesoscale models.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128423857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Restoration of the Medieval Walls of San Ginesio: a Dedicated Study for the Conservation, Repair and Enhancement of an Important Military Fortification","authors":"M. Saracco, F. Mariano, A. Giuliano, L. Petetta, F. Piccinini","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.295","url":null,"abstract":"The seismic events that occurred in central Italy in 2016 severely damaged the rich cultural heritage system present in the area hit by the earthquake. Particularly significant is the situation of the Marche Region, here it is necessary to intervene quickly and effectively in order to preserve and secure the damaged historical architectural heritage. Following the agreement signed in 2019 between the administration of the Municipality of San Ginesio and the Marche Polytechnic University, a collaboration has been established, which is the basis of the present research work, aimed at studying and deepening the possible actions to be undertaken to be able to repair, preserve and enhance the medieval walls of the city. The city walls, dating from the fourteenth century A.D. [1], almost completely surround the historic center of the city and are characterized by the presence of a large part of the ancient fortifications such as towers, access doors, defensive walkways, loopholes, etc. Since there is no complete survey of the planimetric configuration and of the elevations of the medieval walls, updated to the situation created after the earthquake, the first phase of the research focused on data acquisition. Combining DJI Spark MMA1 photogrammetric UAV images with cloud point by Mobile laser SLAM Kaarta Stencil, the 3D-dimensional modelling of the walls was obtained with the accuracy related to the output scale of 1:200 and with a detail and complexity useful for the following conservative analysis. Once the data was acquired and processed, it was possible to carry out a complete analysis of the walls structure, identifying the materials and construction techniques, the state of preservation of the materials, the damage situation to the structures, the various construction phases with the consequent relative dating. The analytical phase was concluded, therefore, with the identification and cataloging of the types of walls present. Each of these has been characterized both from a typological and a technical-construction point of view, defining the wall quality (IQM) and the consequent mechanical parameters through the calculation process of the Wall Quality Index [2]. The study made it possible to identify possible strategic interventions to reduce the vulnerabilities found, pursuing the goal of the least possible invasiveness of the measures to be implemented. Design solutions and suggestions have also been identified, aimed at enhancing the medieval city walls in terms of accessibility and understanding of the various components.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129322352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigations for Assessing the Seismic Performance of Multi-Tiered Nepalese Temples","authors":"M. Pejatovic, V. Sarhosis, G. Milani","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.173","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the seismic performance of old multi-tiered temples in Nepal has been addressed using three different computational approaches, including a) linear elastic; b) nonlinear static; and c) nonlinear dynamic analyses. Also, a sensitivity study was undertaken to understand the influence of wall thickness and height of Nepalese temples on their seismic behavior. Vertical oscillating modes using the elastic response spectrum of the Nepalese Building Code were obtained using linear analysis. Nonlinear static analysis (NLSA) were implemented to obtain the load carrying capacities of different in geometry temples e.g. different thickness of central core walls and number of tiers. Additionally, nonlinear dynamic analysis (NLDA) using the Finite Element Method (FEM) were performed to evaluate the characteristic tensile damage patterns. The results comparatively indicate the weakest zones depending on wall thickness, central core slenderness, opening distribution, box-like confinement, vertical misalignment of walls and so forth. Also, the results of the NLDA affirm high vulnerability of the multi-tiered temples showing extensive cracks at relatively low peak ground accelerations. It is anticipated that outcomes of this study can help practicing engineers to understand how these structures behave when subjected to seismic loads and provide insights towards their strengthening and retrofitting.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124771695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitization of Cultural Heritage Buildings for Preventive Conservation Purposes","authors":"M. Masciotta, L. Sánchez-Aparicio, S. Bishara, D. Oliveira, D. González-Aguilera, J. García-Álvarez","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.081","url":null,"abstract":"In a time where the normal is challenged through crises, destruction and isolation, the need for the digitization of heritage could not be more pressing. The project “HeritageCare – Monitoring and preventive conservation of historical and cultural heritage” is an initiative launched in 2016 in Southwestern Europe with the aim of riding the digital revolution and developing a cost-effective integrated documentation system for the preventive conservation of cultural heritage [1]. Through the intelligent use of geomatic approaches, smart technologies and virtualization tools, an interactive walkthrough is curated per each inspected historical building, by generating a 360° virtual environment through a series of panoramic pictures that link adjacent rooms through hotspots, guiding a logical navigation sequence across the structure and allowing to explore georeferenced information about its conservation state. Indeed, besides the hotspots linking the different panoramic spaces, corresponding icons tag the assets, damages and monitoring sensors present in a specific building, showing real-time insights about relevant aspects of the heritage so that to provide the end-user with an enriched digital experience, as well as to warn the building owner/manager in case of problems. In addition to the panoramic sets that capture both the interior and exterior of the heritage ensemble, a 3D dynamic model is produced by exploiting range-based scanning methods for accurate geometrical representation, damage mapping and a more comprehensive visualization of the monitored parts [2]. Since the HeritageCare initiative has involved a large geographical span and included a variety of structures belonging to diverse typologies and featuring different scales, a standardized but flexible protocol with optimized digital workflows was set for the systematic documentation and assessment of the built heritage. To display how this variety was addressed, the implementation of the aforementioned protocol is here demonstrated through two complementary case studies: a small Romanesque church located in Palencia, Spain, and a large Neo-Manueline church situated nearby Guimarães, Portugal. The potentialities offered by the developed WEB-GIS tool are widely discussed in the paper together with its application, showing how heritage information can be wisely stored, managed and accessed from virtually anywhere in the world to support decision-making processes related to its preventive conservation.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130411008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}