Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences最新文献_第7页

Heavy metal contamination of food in a developing country like Bangladesh: An emerging threat to food safety 孟加拉国等发展中国家的食品重金属污染:对食品安全的新威胁

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Pub Date : 2016-05-31 DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS2016.0352

M. Hezbullah, S. Sultana, S. R. Chakraborty, M. Patwary

引用次数: 46

Determination of some selected heavy metals in spinach and irrigated water from Samaru Area within Gusau Metropolis in Zamfara State, Nigeria 尼日利亚Zamfara州Gusau大都市区Samaru地区菠菜和灌溉水中某些选定重金属的测定

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Pub Date : 2015-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS2015.0339

K. Salawu, M. Barau, D. Mohammed, D. Mikailu, B. Abdullahi, Robert Ikechukwu Uroko

{"title":"Determination of some selected heavy metals in spinach and irrigated water from Samaru Area within Gusau Metropolis in Zamfara State, Nigeria","authors":"K. Salawu, M. Barau, D. Mohammed, D. Mikailu, B. Abdullahi, Robert Ikechukwu Uroko","doi":"10.5897/JTEHS2015.0339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JTEHS2015.0339","url":null,"abstract":"Due to insufficient clean water resources, wastewater is largely used for irrigation of vegetables and fruits in many developing countries like Nigeria. As a result of this, vegetables in spite of providing nutrients also accumulate toxic metals and causes health risks. In the present study, the levels of heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadnium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)), were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (AAS). The water used for irrigation had the following concentrations, 1.639 ± 0.0016, 0.037 ± 0.0021, 10.046 ± 0.0003, 0.295 ± 0.0022 and 4.236 ± 0.0017 for Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu and Zn, respectively, while the spinach has 0.613 ± 0.0009, 0.022 ± 0.0014, 25.666 ± 0.0011, 1.934 ± 0.0007 and 1.842 ± 0.0003 for Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu and Zn. The heavy metal in the waste-water sample is higher than the spinach and when compared with the WHO recommended safe limits, statistically they are still within the range except for the Fe and Zn. The result of this study will bring awareness to consumers and the government agencies on these samples about what people consumed and its health implication, as well as assist them and the farmers in taking necessary precautions. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Heavy metals, spinach, waste-water, bioaccumulation.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"76-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82175376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of orally administered cypermethrin in pregnant albino rats 口服氯氰菊酯对妊娠白化大鼠的致畸和胚胎毒性作用

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Pub Date : 2015-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS2015.0336

E. Madu

{"title":"Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of orally administered cypermethrin in pregnant albino rats","authors":"E. Madu","doi":"10.5897/JTEHS2015.0336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JTEHS2015.0336","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of consensus in published works regarding cypermethrin's ability to produce teratogenic and embyotoxic effects has led to postulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of cypermethrin in 5% vegetable oil using albino rats. Acute toxicity study of cypermethrin was evaluated using Probit analysis method. Percentage mortality was calculated and LD50 was determined. In addition, pregnant female rats in different groups received different oral doses from day 6 to 15 of gestation. Caesarean section was performed on day 20 to examine fetuses because their gestation period is between 21 to 22 days. Animals given higher doses experienced hyper- salivation, irritability, convulsion, respiratory distress and death, with on an LD50 of 85.1 mg/kg body weight. Autopsy findings revealed vascular congestion and haemorrhage in different organs. Teratogenic and embryotoxic study revealed reduced fetal weights and with ecchymosis particularly in higher doses. The extent of fetal death and resorptions observed were not statistically significant compared to controls. Histological examination and skeletal staining technique showed no significant abnormalities despite the use of high doses of cypermethrin. The finding of ecchymosis is new, along with low birth weight, which appears to be a consistent effect of cypermethrin. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cypermethrin, teratogenicity, embryotoxicity, low birth weight, fetuses, malformation.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"60-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81167075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Evaluation of five medicinal plants at gas flaring site, using foliar photomicrography 利用叶面显微摄影技术评价五种药用植物在天然气燃烧现场

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Pub Date : 2015-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS2015.0331

Otuu F. Chibuisi, Nwadinigwe Alfreda, C. Okwuosa

{"title":"Evaluation of five medicinal plants at gas flaring site, using foliar photomicrography","authors":"Otuu F. Chibuisi, Nwadinigwe Alfreda, C. Okwuosa","doi":"10.5897/JTEHS2015.0331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JTEHS2015.0331","url":null,"abstract":"Gas flaring is a recognized polluting agent in the environment, affecting all forms of life. The gases and particulate matters (dust, mist and fog) follow the same diffusive pathway with carbon IV oxide into the plant leaf, where they react with enzymes, hormones, and other biochemical molecules, resulting in the deformation of organelles with adverse consequences. In this study, foliar photomicrography analysis of five medicinal plants (Carica papaya, Chromoleana odorata, Ricinus communis, Manihot esculenta and Euphorbia sp.) from the flare site and non-flare site was used to evaluate the impact of gas flaring in foliar micro-structure. Results showed the occurrence of structural deformities evidenced in distorted veinal arrangement, necrosis, chlorosis, stomata and guard cell destruction. The plants studied have ethno-medicinal and nutritional values in the study area. The study showed that foliar photomicrography could be used as component of vegetation studies in the environmental impact assessment, auditing, and evaluation of any anthropogenic activity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Gas flaring, phyto-therapeutics, phyto-potency, pollution.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88815794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Prevalence and determinants of pesticide use in informal households in Mulago II parish, Kampala Uganda 乌干达坎帕拉Mulago II教区非正规家庭中农药使用的流行率和决定因素

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Pub Date : 2015-06-30 DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS2014.0337

Kibuule Dan, Kagoya Harriet Rachel

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of pesticide use in informal households in Mulago II parish, Kampala Uganda","authors":"Kibuule Dan, Kagoya Harriet Rachel","doi":"10.5897/JTEHS2014.0337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JTEHS2014.0337","url":null,"abstract":"The indiscriminate use of pesticides in developing countries has impacted negatively on the environment and public health. Despite that informal households in Uganda carry a high pest burden, the safe use and disposal of pesticides is poorly studied. We determined the prevalence and pesticide use practices among the informal households in Mulago, a suburb of Kampala city. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among heads of informal households in Mulago II parish, using a semi-structured interview questionnaire. Out of the 56 households in the parish, twenty 20 household met the inclusion criterion for an informal household. Household heads were interviewed on the pest burden and the practices on safe use and disposal of pesticides. Data was analyzed using SPSSv21 software; the chi-square test was used for Univariate analysis. The mean pest burden per household was 4 ± 0.7 pests: mosquitoes 20 (100%), bedbugs 18 (90%; p < 0.001), rats and houseflies 16 (80%; p = 0.007), and cockroaches 15 (75%; p = 0.025). Most households, 17 (85%, p = 0.002) had used a pesticide within the last 2 weeks. The most commonly used pesticides were synthetic pyrethroid in form of aerosols 18 (90%) or insecticide coils 10 (50%) and organophosphate solutions 15 (75%). Pesticides were applied on walls 15 (75%; p < 0.001) and in open air 12 (60%; p = 0.086). Pesticides were stored in lockable cupboards in 6 (30%; p = 0.645) households. The use of pesticides was associated with having livestock, cost of pesticide and the burden of pest infestation. Informal households in Mulago parish have a high pest burden and usage of pesticides. The use, storage and disposal of pesticides are largely inappropriate. Public health interventions that promote the access to quality and safe use of pesticides at informal households are critical. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: Prevalence, Pesticide Use, determinants of pesticide, Uganda.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82226283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Gross and histopathological studies of Diclofenac, Ibuprofen and Nimesulide induced toxicity in broilers 双氯芬酸、布洛芬和尼美舒利对肉鸡毒性的大体和组织病理学研究

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Pub Date : 2015-05-31 DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS2012.036

M. Shafi, O. Baba, U. Garg

引用次数: 0

Influence of starch addition on properties of methylolated urea/starch copolymer blends for application as a binder in the coating industry 淀粉添加量对涂料粘结剂甲基化尿素/淀粉共聚物共混物性能的影响

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Pub Date : 2015-05-31 DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS2013.0264

S. Osemeahon, O. Maitera, A. Hotton, B. J. Dimas

引用次数: 0

Sub-lethal effect of cypermethrin on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (Ach) content in selected tissues of Channa striatus (Bloch.) 氯氰菊酯对斑马鱼组织乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和乙酰胆碱含量的亚致死效应

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Pub Date : 2015-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS2015.0334

O. Ahmed, S. Mastan, S. Banu, P. Indira

引用次数: 5

Evaluation of the fungitoxic and fungistatic potential of the root extractsof male papaya plant and female papaya plant (Carica papaya L.) 木瓜雄株和雌株(Carica papaya L.)根提取物的抑菌和毒力评价

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Pub Date : 2015-03-31 DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS2015.0333

Gowthami Yaram, Chandrasehar Govindan, Deepa Venkataramulu, Darsana Rajaputhran, C. Thirunavukkarasu, Goparaju Anumolu

{"title":"Evaluation of the fungitoxic and fungistatic potential of the root extractsof male papaya plant and female papaya plant (Carica papaya L.)","authors":"Gowthami Yaram, Chandrasehar Govindan, Deepa Venkataramulu, Darsana Rajaputhran, C. Thirunavukkarasu, Goparaju Anumolu","doi":"10.5897/JTEHS2015.0333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JTEHS2015.0333","url":null,"abstract":"The fungicidal and fungistatic potential of methanolic root extract of male Carica papaya against Phomopsis vexans which affects egg plants (Solanum melongena L.) leading to the condition called the “Phomopsis blight” was investigated. Result of the experiments revealed that the aqueous extract did not show significant activity, but comparatively the methanol extract of male root demonstrated significant activity against the test fungus. Male methanolic root extract exhibited relatively higher antifungal activity than its female and hermaphrodite form. The extract was also found to be safe on the local algal population, which are one of the most sensitive indicators of toxicity. In summary, the male methanolic root extract can be considered as a potential biocontrol agent in the mitigation of P. vexans in the current scenario. There are no biological agents available for the control of P. vexans and here the present findings are novel in this regard. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fungicidal, fungitoxic, Carica papaya, Phomopsis vexans, methanolic extract, algal.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87774949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exposure to ZnO-NPs enhanced gut- associated microbial activity in Eisenia fetida 暴露于ZnO-NPs增强了粪Eisenia fetida肠道相关微生物的活性

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Pub Date : 2015-02-28 DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS2015.0330

Shruti Gupta, T. Kushwah, S. Yadav

{"title":"Exposure to ZnO-NPs enhanced gut- associated microbial activity in Eisenia fetida","authors":"Shruti Gupta, T. Kushwah, S. Yadav","doi":"10.5897/JTEHS2015.0330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JTEHS2015.0330","url":null,"abstract":"With advent of the nanotechnology era, the environmental risk has continuously been receiving engineered nanomaterials, as well as their derivatives. Our current understanding of the potential impact of nanomaterials and their effect on soil organism is limited. The present study fills the gap between effect of manufactured nanomaterials (NPs) and their available natural scavengers. In the study, earthworm Eisenia fetida (EW), which occupies 60 to 80% of the total biomass and well known for its contribution to cellulolytic degradation of organic wastes, was exposed to ZnO-NPs. Findings suggests that E. fetida can survive even at high exposure of ZnO-NPs (10 mg/kg) and can exhibit increase in bio-accumulation of Zn content in its body tissue with decreased NPs. Exposure of 35 and 10 nm ≥3.5 mg/kg sized NPs showed an increase in cellulase activity by 38 to 41%. This increase in cellulolytic activity in EWs’ gut may also be helpful in the bioconversion of lignocelluloses waste. Eighteen strains of cellulose hydrolytic bacteria capable of producing cellulase were obtained from the guts of EWs exposed to ZnO-NPs. The results of biochemical and 16SrRNA gene sequence examinations showed that six strains belongs to Bacillus sp.; five strains belongs to the sublines of Bacillus and others belongs to the Pseudomonas sp. The study advocates the application of ZnO-NPs enhance gut-associated microbial activity. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cellulose hydrolytic bacteria, ZnO-NPs, E.fetida, Gut -flora.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79008537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5