FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme最新文献

{"title":"ptimization Design of Large-displacement Motorcycle Emission Testing Procedures","authors":"Wanli Yuan, Tiande Mo, Yu Li, Baomin Duan, Wei Zhong","doi":"10.46720/f2020-epv-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46720/f2020-epv-014","url":null,"abstract":"Economic and/or practical points to be addressed The large-displacement motorcycles, which engine displacements above 600cc, usually have good acceleration, strong power and large heat dissipation. Due to strict emission requirements leads by the new China IV emission standards that give rise to various problems during tests cycles, and the existing testing facilities and conditions cannot fully meet the testing requirements for such motorcycles. Therefore, the test cycle for the emission of pollutants from large-displacement motorcycles needs to be optimized to further ensure the detection accuracy and better provide accurate data support for large-displacement motorcycles. Methodology China is currently implementing the China IV emission standards (GB 14622-2016, GB 18176-2016) for motorcycles. Compared with European Union IV emission standards, the most important feature is the durability assessment for actual pollution control devices. This paper makes a detailed comparative analysis for the limitation and detection method of the Type I test, Type II test, Type III test, Type IV test, Type V test and On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) system test for the large-displacement motorcycles, and designed an optimized emission testing technology for large-displacement motorcycle emission test procedures. Main scientific and technicalThrough the analysis for a large number of test results of large-displacement motorcycles, it is considered that they are similar to other types of motorcycles in single emission test procedures for type II test, type III test, type IV test, and OBD system test. However, special features are found in Type I test and Type-V test because of differences in displacement, acceleration and heat dissipation in large-displacement motorcycles. In consequence, it is necessary to optimize the testing technology to provide improvement in emission detection method to ensure the data accuracy. It is believed that the following factors will have an impact on the emission results and shall be strictly controlled and improved: 1. Impact from the fuel; 2. Impact from the driving behavior; 3. Impact from the testing equipment and the ambient environment during the test; 4. Impact from the vehicle maintenance during the test. Through a large number of motorcycle tests, it has been fully verified that the above four factors have significant impacts on the emission results. The research and verification carried out on the emission test of large-displacement motorcycles can determine how to optimize these four factors to ensure the data accuracy for the emission test of large-displacement motorcycles. Achieved results Several factors that impact the large-displacement motorcycles emission test have been fully verified, indicating that the test procedures need to be precisely optimized that suggesting for testing procedures are summarized and given in the following four factors, thereby reducing emission detection errors and ensuring the test accuracy.","PeriodicalId":174936,"journal":{"name":"FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133389783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concept of Mission Control System for IN2Lab testing field for Automated Driving","authors":"M. Slavík, O. Vaculín","doi":"10.46720/f2021-acm-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46720/f2021-acm-119","url":null,"abstract":"\"Automated driving brings very high demands on all vehicle systems. In order to meet these requirements, automated vehicles are equipped with various vehicle sensors to collect information about the actual vehicle environment. Current systems are based on data acquired by in-vehicle sensors, such as radar, lidar and camera, which generate a comprehensive environment model where an automated vehicle locates. The sensors differ in their technical performance parameters such as range, resolution, reliability, sensitivity and robustness. The use of heterogeneous sensors allows the technologies to complement each other in terms of their technical properties. The overall safety level is increased by information from several sensors by means of sensor fusion. Assessment errors of the on-board sensors may occur despite the continuous improvement and optimisation of measurements and fusion. Systems under development are especially prone to these errors. Such issues reduce the reliability and trustworthiness of the whole system. These errors, either from sensors or evaluation algorithms and sensor fusion, should be identified during the development of automated driving functions. Virtual driving tests, proving ground tests and, in later development phases, driving tests in real traffic (field tests) serve this purpose. The filed tests in real traffic are crucial for the validation of automated driving systems. Only the real environmental conditions offer a variety of driving situations to prove the safety of automated vehicles. However, the test vehicles in a traffic flow must under no circumstances worsen road safety and put other road users at risk. The project IN2Lab aims to increase the overall test field safety by an infrastructure based safety system installed along a test field. It consists of sensors, C2X communication and mission control centre. This paper presents a concept of Mission Control System. The system provides additional information about traffic flow, obstacles or weather conditions based on data from infrastructure to connected vehicles. Cameras, radars, lidars and C2X roadside units installed along the public test filed to collect data about the traffic flow. The fundamental functionality of the system is the monitoring of traffic flow and object classification. An additional safety value is a quasi-real-time data processing provides relevant information feedback about dynamic and static objects along the test filed to connected vehicles, especially to automated vehicles. These vehicles can use the information to improve their environmental perception confidence or to plan driving manoeuvers.\"","PeriodicalId":174936,"journal":{"name":"FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme","volume":"25 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122392572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced thermal management optimization of a liquid cooled compact electrical engine with air gap winding","authors":"Henrik-Christian Graichen Henrik-Christian Graichen, Jörg Sauerhering Jörg Sauerhering, Frederick Reuber Frederick Reuber, Aaron Dlugosch Aaron Dlugosch, Frank Beyrau Frank Beyrau, Manikhanta Chinni Manikhanta Chinni, Gunar Boye Gunar Boye","doi":"10.46720/f2021-adm-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46720/f2021-adm-142","url":null,"abstract":"\"The green revolution in the automotive industry leads to a rising impact of electro-mobility solutions. Next generation electrical engines are characterized through a high specific power density, which is restricted by thermal loads induced by Joule heating in the engines’ windings due to Ohmic resistances. Built-in permanent magnets, sensors and non-metallic materials such as foils, coatings and adhesives are highly limited in their temperature resistance. This makes it a crucial task to increase the cooling efficiency via an optimized liquid cooling concept. A reduction of space, weight as well as a longer lifetime of the engines’ components represent a worthwhile reward. The heat dissipation is restricted by thermal resistances between the winding as heat source, through different layers like thermal interface materials (TIM), the iron core and the cooling channels (CC) as heat sink. This paper treats different approaches regarding an optimized integral liquid cooling concept for an electrical external rotor engine with air-gap winding. Since the approach of optimizing the convective heat transfer is linked to the handling of the turbulence inside the flow, it is based on the trade-off between lower pressure losses along the channels and increased wall-fluid-interaction in the CC near the winding-heads. Here the optimization lies in the adaption of laser additive manufacturing methods. These deliver many degrees of freedom in terms of a redesigned cooling channel inlet/outlet geometry. The overall turbulence can be reduced and be limited to thermally stressed areas requiring an increased convective heat transfer. Newly designed channel-built-in fins deliver further support in terms of heat transfer into the CC and result in a smoothed temperature field inside the stator. Coupled numerical FEM-simulations of conductive and convective heat transport and fluid flow accompanied the additive manufacturing design process of the engine step-by-step. These simulations were validated through active IR-thermographic measurements, allowing to separately evaluate each step with its possible error sources in form of later emerging hot-spots. Previously carried out investigations inside this working group identified the TIM as a main contributor to the overall heat resistance between source and sink. The detection of heat conductivity, heat capacity and layer thickness of said TIMs is important for the numerical model implementation, therefore uncharacterized TIM-adhesive-lamination properties were determined using Laser-Flash-Analysis and Differential-Scanning-Calorimetry. To the knowledge of the authors, a variable that has been hardly investigated so far, is the influence of the material’s surface roughness the TIM is applied to. For getting a better understanding of how the heat resistance of the TIM-metal-compound is affected at different states of surface roughness, a series of experiments were performed supported by design of experiment (DOE). The d","PeriodicalId":174936,"journal":{"name":"FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122448936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drive-by-Wire Vehicle Traction Control System with Predefined Safety Limits","authors":"D. Efremov, T. Haniš, David Vosahlík, Martin Klauco","doi":"10.46720/f2020-vdc-089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46720/f2020-vdc-089","url":null,"abstract":"A drive-by-wire system seems to be a crucial technology for future road vehicles, including personal and commercial cars and urban road mobility platforms. The augmentation of human driving capabilities in the domain of maneuver safety and driving performance is beneficial. The most important benefit comes for autonomous driving, where the drive-by-wire represents technological enablers. The drive-by-wire architecture provides straight forward means of vehicle dynamics control system implementation. Mechatronics systems replace direct mechanical control links. Such a solution brings a possibility to change the inputs commanded by the driver according to the driving conditions. The drive-by-wire vehicle dynamics control algorithm is proposed in this work, which helps the driver to steer, drive, and brake the car within predefined safety limits. The set of vehicle maneuvers represented by state values, where the vehicle wheels' sliding motion stays in defined limits, is defined in previous work. This set is called the Driving Envelope (inspired by aerospace application, namely the flight envelope used for modern aircraft). The safety limits of car maneuvers are represented by the Driving Envelop in vehicle states (speed, sideslip angle, and cornering speed in the center of gravity). The control system design protecting safety limits violation is presented in this work. The control functionality based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach, as both states and inputs constraints, are respected during optimization. The vehicle dynamics control system is denoted Driving Envelop Protection, again inspired by the flight control system and flight envelope protection functionality. The lateral vehicle dynamics is controlled using the MPC objective designed to track reference steering angle of the front axle commanded by the driver. The longitudinal vehicle dynamics is controlled based on wheel angular velocities of the front and rear axles, commanded from pedals. The optimization process is constrained by vehicle maneuver boundaries defined by the driving envelope. Hence, the car is protected from getting into a critical spin situation, wheel blocking, and loss of wheels' traction The algorithm is validated using virtual ride tests on a simulator with an implemented high-fidelity twin-track model. During the experiments, an uncontrolled car was compared with the same but controlled vehicle on a couple of different maneuvers, including double-lane change tests, obstacle avoidance tests, and slalom ride tests.","PeriodicalId":174936,"journal":{"name":"FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116909018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Integral Bushing Rear Suspension Architecture of the New Lincoln Corsair - Prototype Build and Testing","authors":"F. Wolf-Monheim, P. Zandbergen, D. Mainz, Ralf Hintzen, Timothy Drotar","doi":"10.46720/f2020-vdc-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46720/f2020-vdc-039","url":null,"abstract":"\"The Lincoln Corsair is a compact premium crossover on Ford's global C (compact class) platform, replacing the Lincoln MKC. The prime focus of the research and development workstreams of the integral bushing rear suspension architecture for the new Lincoln Corsair was to significantly improve the performance in terms of impact harshness as well as noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) behavior compared to the predecessor model Lincoln MKC. The integral bushing rear suspension architecture development included benchmarking activities, definition of attributes and targets, suspension concept design as well as system evaluation and selection. The concept development work was conducted with special attention to key requirements implied by a compact premium crossover product like the Lincoln Corsair as well as design constraints introduced by the platform and the sister product Ford Kuga. This paper focuses on prototyping and testing aspects of the integral bushing rear suspension architecture. Various key architectural principles enabled the successful implementation in the new Lincoln Corsair. The integral bushing rear suspension architecture of the new Lincoln Corsair features various novel design elements indicating the innovative value of the new architecture. Both the springs as well as the shock absorbers are directly connected to the wheel carriers to optimize the motion ratios for maximized vehicle dynamics performance. At the same time cost and weight of the spring and damper system can be reduced. The novel lower control arm design is driven by compactness and simplicity to enable a robust and cost-efficient sheet metal construction. To optimize material utilization in the subframe design only a single longitudinal load path was implemented per side. The camber link is realized as a planar structure to minimize cost and weight. In contrast to the integral link rear suspension architecture the integral link is superseded by an advanced integral bushing integrated into the structure of the wheel carrier.\"","PeriodicalId":174936,"journal":{"name":"FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114165644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact on the Quality of Automated Lateral Driving When Implementing an 2DOF Steering Model and Vary Driving Dynamic Quantities","authors":"Julian Staiger","doi":"10.46720/f2020-vdc-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46720/f2020-vdc-070","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the impact of changes in driving dynamic quantities on the lateral driving quality of a vehicle when its lane keeping assistance (LKA) is activated. Moreover, this paper will pay attention to changes in driving accuracy when implementing a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) steering model in the simulation. Attention will be paid on the design and implementation this model. A detailed description of the used approach will be given and the system will be assessed by a handling test. All simulations are carried out with activated lane keeping system, while the changes in driving dynamic quantities concerns the wheelbase, vehicle mass and tire oblique stiffness. Simulations are carried out with a defined driving maneuver and defined road that corresponds to a real one. The quality of the vehicles lateral movement will be measured by key performance indicators (KPI). The maximum overshoot in lateral distance to center line for a trajectory return will be considered. All results are compared with a simulation without any LKA usage and no implementation of the steering system model. In this basic scenario only the vehicle dynamics which can be attributed to the linear bicycle model does play a role. Comparing the simulation results with activated LKA to the basic scenario a higher deviation of the KPI could be found. Besides, higher maximum values for the KPI appear. When implementing the steering system model and activating the LKA even higher overshoots and deviations of the KPI could be found. The variation of the vehicle's wheelbase shows the highest impact on the quality of lateral control. Miner impacts could be shown when variate vehicle mass and oblique stiffness. A two-parameter variation is carried out that does show no unexpected behavior when changing vehicle mass and tire oblique stiffens at the same time. Moreover, it shows that changes in vehicle mass have higher impacts when running simulations with small tire oblique stiffens. In addition, when applying small values for the tire oblique stiffens while the steering model is activated the previously seen higher deviation in the KPI do disappear.","PeriodicalId":174936,"journal":{"name":"FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115183365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Methodology for Building Simulation Files from Police Recorded Accident Data (for ADAS Effectiveness Assessment)","authors":"Martin Urban Martin Urban, Christian T. Erbsmehl Christian T. Erbsmehl, J. L. Mallada, Pablo Puente Guillen, S. Taniguchi","doi":"10.46720/f2020-pif-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46720/f2020-pif-039","url":null,"abstract":"Research objective European Institutions have reached an agreement for a new General Safety Regulation (GSR) that mandates the implementation of certain ADAS systems into new vehicles from 2022. This includes advanced emergency braking (AEB) and emergency lane keeping system (ELK), among other systems. In order to assess the performance of such systems, it is required to analyse the pre-crash phase of accidents, which can be done by means of simulating crashes. One widespread database of simulation input data is the GIDAS-PCM, which contains around 10,000 accident reconstructions from two German investigation areas (Dresden, Hannover) since the year 1999. This paper focuses on developing a novel method for generating the pre-crash phase based on police recorded accidents. This allows generating simulations of a large number of accidents. The simulation results can later be used in combination with ADAS models to understand the effectiveness of those systems. Methodology The Fraunhofer IVI has access to all police reported accidents within Saxony (region in Germany) since the year 2010. The dataset for one accident contains up to 100 variables including injury severity, accident location and type of accident, among others. The available data contains up to 1 million accidents including fatal accidents, accidents with severe or slightly injured participants as well as accidents with material damage only. Using the information recorded by the police, the description of the accident and the aerial picture of the accident site as a basis, it is possible to create the trajectory for each participant. In order to obtain information on the speed profile of the participants involved in the accident, an analysis of in-depth accident data is carried out that defines the mean values and standard deviation of the speed profiles. The trajectory and speed profiles are used to reconstruct the accident scene and the pre-crash phase with the help of an accident reconstruction software. This information is later extracted and can be used to carry out an effectiveness assessment of ADAS systems which could have been beneficial to the participants. The newly developed method for creating simulation files by drawing on data from police recorded accidents delivers one main simulation case for each accident and up to 900 variations by using the mean values and standard deviations of initial speed, collision speed and additional parameters. Currently, the Fraunhofer IVI has ~10,000 simulation cases from 2018 and 2019, from which 1.2 million variations can be generated. This methodology has been developed based on the input data available at the Fraunhofer IVI, for the region of Saxony. An expansion of this methodology to other regions or countries would be subject to further studies on the availability of the required input data. Key Words: accident analysis, simulation, effectiveness assessment, ADAS","PeriodicalId":174936,"journal":{"name":"FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115611896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for User-Friendly PID-Parameter Optimization for Highly Dynamic Component Test Benches","authors":"Kai Wolter Kai Wolter","doi":"10.46720/f2020-dgt-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46720/f2020-dgt-031","url":null,"abstract":"Proportional-integral-differential controllers (PID controllers) are one of the most widespread controller architectures and are used in a large number of technical systems [1]. When operating highly dynamic test benches to investigate the system behaviour of powertrain components with rotating movements, the controllers are often used as speed controllers. In order to reproduce the complex phenomena in such a powertrain as accurately as possible, the high dynamics of the test bench is required. This means that the test bench must be able to vary the speed highly dynamically and at the same time have the least possible unwanted influences on the system under investigation. This enables the system to be disconnected from the overall system to be specifically examined on the test bench with a virtual representation of the remaining system. A large part of this required system dynamics depends on the parameters of the PID controller. The adjustment of the parameters is often based on empirical knowledge and empirical methods, which have existed for several decades and consider a highly simplified system dynamics [2]. These procedures are easy to use, but are characterized by a high experimental effort and limited optimization potential. In addition, there are more and more approaches to perform the controller adjustment using metaheuristic algorithms [3, 4]. These work with detailed system models and are able to map the system behaviour in detail. Consequently, they offer a high optimization potential. Since these approaches are based on detailed knowledge about the adjustment procedure and the system to be optimized, they are not yet practicable for test bench operation with varying systems. Therefore, the authors present in this paper a method that allows to combine the easy handling of the empirical procedures with the optimization potential of metaheuristics. Thus, the user does not need to have a profound knowledge of control engineering and is guided through the adjustment process in the form of targeted support. For this purpose, the construction of system models by using a library based approach and the possibility of automatic system identification as well as a new optimization function are presented. For these only characteristic values such as overshoot, settling time or rise time have to be selected and a qualitative decision has to be made. This enables a simple and robust adjustment of the controllers. Literature [1] Tiwari, P.: Optimization of PID Parameter In Control System Tuning With Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm 4 (2014) 5, S. 7 [2] Ziegler, J. G. u. Nichols, N. B.: Optimum Settings for Automatic Controllers. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115 (1993) 2B, S. 220 [3] Zhang, J., Zhuang, J., Du, H. u. Wang, S.'a.: Self-organizing genetic algorithm based tuning of PID controllers. Information Sciences 179 (2009) 7, S. 1007-1018 [4] Fan u. Joo (Hrsg.): Design for auto-tuning PID controller based on genetic algo","PeriodicalId":174936,"journal":{"name":"FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127535849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development converting position seat for reduction fatigue of passenger","authors":"Juyeol Kong, Chanho Jung, S. Na, Sangdo Park, G. Kim","doi":"10.46720/f2020-mcf-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46720/f2020-mcf-028","url":null,"abstract":"\"The role of the future car will need not only as transportion but also how much entertainments are provided and how much comfortable to relax in the car Until now, the development of vehicle seats have been only focused on driving posture. However, the driving posture has a limit that creates large concentrated loads on the hips and waist when driving for a long time. So the purpose of this study are to develope optimal posture and to apply new seat mechanism in order to rest in the vehicle comfortably. The optimized posture is divided into ideal angles for each body this paper suggest each body angle and those got Inspired by NASA's gravity posture and recent relax furnitures such as stressless chair. But the state of the vehicle is gravity and it is a very compact space without unnecessary space. so it is a different environment from NASA's case. To find most effective posture, I recorded the body pressures of hips and upper body by changing the body angles such as angle of thigh and horizental car plane or upper body of passenger Also this need to take into account the conditions of the vehicle, such as the passenger's field of view or the space of surrounding components. When changing seat to the optimal position, there should be no interference with the surrounding components, and there should be no discomfort due to the blind field of view. Through this process, the ideal angles of vehicle rest position was proposed in this paper and the posture is defined as the relaxion posture, which is a combination word of relax and position. In the relaxion posture, the maximum loads on the hips and waist could be reduced by about 25%, with the distribution of body pressure increased by about 18%. Also, the test proved positive effects of improvement blood flow in part of thigh and hips by dispersed body pressure distribution more widely Relaxion seat can be designed with minimal changes to current seat mechanisms, and seats of this concept have been in production since 2019 This study also could be a direction of passengers posture in the autonomous vehicle.\"","PeriodicalId":174936,"journal":{"name":"FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124916012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modal analysis of Structural Vibration for Electric-drive Motor built in Transmission","authors":"T. Saito","doi":"10.46720/f2020-mcf-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46720/f2020-mcf-019","url":null,"abstract":"\"When a vehicle is cruising, unpleasant noise in the high-frequency band between 4 kHz and 5 kHz can occasionally be heard at the centers of front seats in the vehicle cabin. To search for the generation source of this noise, a study of the correlation between the cabin noise and airborne noise at the outer surface of the transmission, and an analysis of vibration transfer paths in the interior of the transmission were conducted. The results indicated that the source was the 0th-order breathing mode unique to electric-drive motors. For making it possible to predict this at the desk, vibrational analysis method for an electric-drive motor comprising laminated electrical steel sheets and segmented coils was proposed. Material property data for the electrical steel sheets and the coils was employed unmodified in the electric-drive motor vibrational analysis model. In addition, Laminate electrical steel sheets and the coils were modeled accurately. The analysis model defined the small sliding contact between the layers and also the contact between the electrical steel sheets and the coils taking into consideration. The contact stiffness between the electrical steel sheets and the coils was defined. First, the results of an eigenvalue analysis of the electrical steel sheets in isolation and of an experimental modal analysis were compared. The natural frequencies and eigenmodes in both sets of results corresponded well, with a difference of within 2%, up to 6 kHz. Next, vibrational analysis was conducted using an electric-drive motor model in which the coils were inserted into the laminated electrical steel sheets. the coil model used a rectangular cross-section, and defined equivalent material properties using a finite element analysis model in order to make it possible to accurately reproduce twist stiffness and bending stiffness. A comparison of the results of the analysis conducted using the electric-drive motor model and the experimental modal analysis using an electromagnetic shaker demonstrated the phenomenon of the peaks of natural frequencies exceeding 2 kHz becoming unclear. In addition, eigenmodes up to 5 kHz, in particular the 0th-order mode at 4.2 kHz, were accurately reproduced. Finally, this electric-drive motor was mounted into a transmission case and the modal analysis of structural vibration was conducted. Consequently, the tendency of the vibration level between the simulation and the measurement agreed well.\"","PeriodicalId":174936,"journal":{"name":"FISITA World Congress 2021 - Technical Programme","volume":"22 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123482400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}