Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal最新文献

{"title":"The Corporation in Management Studies","authors":"J. Veldman, H. Willmott","doi":"10.1017/9781139681025.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139681025.010","url":null,"abstract":"'Management' - as practiced in modern corporations as well as the social position ascribed to its exponents - is today comparatively well established and institutionalized. For Berle and Means, '[m]anagement' may be defined as that body of men who, in law, have formally assumed the duties of exercising domination over the corporate business and assets.' 'Management' has not, however, always been so taken for granted; and, as we shall show, its theory and practice remains a product of struggles between parties, including legislators and owners as well as executives, who seek to press their distinctive claims upon the purpose and scope of management. At the centre of these struggles is the question: what benefits does 'management' bring, and to whom?","PeriodicalId":174886,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124294599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justifying Antitrust: Prediction, Efficiency, and Welfare","authors":"Avishalom Tor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2730670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2730670","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars and enforcement officials debate the merits and implications of “behavioral antitrust” — the application of empirical evidence showing how human behavior departs systematically and predictably from strict rationality (“bounded rationality”) to antitrust law. Notwithstanding their many disagreements, both sides in this debate recognize that consumers — as opposed to business firms and their managers — are boundedly rational. This article shows, however, that the bounded rationality of consumers poses for antitrust law three distinct, if related, challenges, only the first and most obvious of which has received substantial scholarly attention and analysis to date. The first challenge is the prediction challenge — that is, the concern that antitrust rules and practices that assume consumer rationality mistakenly may condone anticompetitive behavior or prohibit procompetitive business practices because they misinterpret or mispredict the behavior of boundedly rational consumers or the reactions of firms to such behavior. Second and more fundamental is the efficiency challenge, which surfaces where consumer bias weakens the causal link between competition and efficiency. For instance, consumers who systematically overestimate the value of a given product or service will manifest excessive demand for it, generating inefficiencies in both allocation and production. The third, least noted but most troubling of all, is the welfare challenge. Behavioral and consumer research both show that consumer choice is often constructed ad-hoc during the process of choice and shaped by context-specific influences. Yet if consumer choice and the resulting aggregate demand do not reflect consumers’ authentic, preexisting preferences — and thus do not maximize individual and aggregate welfare — is there an economic justification for antitrust law? The Article examines these three challenges closely, finding that current doctrine and policy can accommodate the prediction challenge with some modifications. Most importantly, a substantially more modest version of the standard economic justification for antitrust law largely weathers the thorny efficiency and welfare challenges alike.","PeriodicalId":174886,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116013385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of Organizational Routines in Entrepreneurial Ventures","authors":"Haifen Lin, Michael Murphree, Sali Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3239473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3239473","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The purpose of this paper is to expand the understanding of the process by which organizational routines emerge in entrepreneurial ventures. The emphasis is on the role of management and interaction in shaping shared schemata among members of the enterprise. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Design/methodology/approach \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper uses a longitudinal interpretive and exploratory case study based on semi-structured interviews, archival material and naturalistic observation at a startup enterprise in China. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Findings \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Focusing on the process through which shared schemata emerge to lay the foundation for routines in new firms, the authors find shared schemata emerge through a three-stage process: individual schemata emergence, partially shared schemata emergence and organizationally shared schemata emergence. Analogical transfer, strong foundational leadership and horizontal interaction among employees facilitate the development of individual schemata and their evolution into the shared schemata underlying organizational routines. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Research limitations/implications \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper contributes to the understanding of routine formation in entrepreneurial ventures by creating a framework of the stages of development of organizational routines, as well as the role management plays in each stage. This contribution fits within the emergent field of microfoundations, linking individual actions and cognition to organizational outcomes and adding to this the contribution of social interaction. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Practical implications \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Managers in new Chinese enterprises could benefit from understanding the importance of routinization and the managerial approaches which facilitate routine formation. This will increase the likelihood of firm survival as well as the competitive strength of the firm. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Originality/value \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000To date, there has been little research on how routines arise in entrepreneurial ventures, and none on explicitly the role for management and interaction in fostering routinization.","PeriodicalId":174886,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117138771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination in Organizations: Optimal Contracts and Regulation","authors":"Wiroy Shin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2682887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2682887","url":null,"abstract":"A number of the largest U.S. firms have been found guilty of labor discrimination despite having policies in place designed to avoid that outcome. This paper diagnoses the phenomenon and proposes contractual and regulatory solutions to ameliorate the situation. Existing research (e.g., Becker (1957), Coate and Loury (1993)) studies a situation in which an individual person practices discrimination. In contrast, this paper considers a hierarchical organization in which a manager (the agent) may or may not have a discriminatory taste toward his subordinates, whereas an owner (the principal) is unbiased and only cares about profit. The manager perfectly observes productivity levels of the subordinates and decides whom to promote. The owner only sees results of the manager’s decision: the promoted worker’s identity and that worker’s performance. In this environment, I study a direct mechanism and characterize an optimal contract. Additionally, I compare the allocation implemented by the optimal direct mechanism to the first-best (full information) allocation and discuss the effectiveness of current regulations (e.g., affirmative action, taxation on the minority promotion ratio): I find that a regulator (such as the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) can improve compliance with non-discriminatory conduct, despite the fact that the person on whom the regulation is directly incident — the principal — is not intrinsically biased. I also show that the regulation can be counter-productive if it attempts to enforce perfect fairness (the first-best allocation) when that allocation is not incentive feasible.","PeriodicalId":174886,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128829864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CEO Cognition in Strategy Research","authors":"S. S. Chanda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2586215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2586215","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive considerations arising from the functions of the Chief Executive Officer appear to have been ignored in strategy research. Taking a cue from Freeman’s stakeholder theory, I discuss the constituencies addressed by the CEO in performing his/her job function. I present a set of propositions based on extant research. I endeavor to commence a conversation that ultimately shapes the lines of inquiry regarding the contribution of managerial cognition to strategy.","PeriodicalId":174886,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114646503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfect Timing? Dominant Category, Dominant Design, and the Window of Opportunity for Firm Entry","authors":"Fernando F. Suarez, S. Grodal, A. Gotsopoulos","doi":"10.1002/SMJ.2225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SMJ.2225","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the optimal time for firms to enter emerging industries has long been a key concern in strategy, yet scholars still struggle to create a theoretical foundation that can fully integrate the empirical findings within this area. We incorporate categorical dynamics into the theory of the industry life cycle to complement and enhance the predictive power of the existing theories of entry timing. In addition, we introduce the concept of a dominant category — the conceptual schema that most stakeholders adhere to when referring to products that address similar needs and compete for the same market space — and link this concept to the emergence of the dominant technological design. From this framework, we develop a set of propositions that relate the emergence of the dominant category to entry-timing advantages and firm performance. In particular, we propose the existence of a window of opportunity (i.e., an optimal time for firm entry) that starts with the emergence of the dominant category and ends with the emergence of the dominant design. We discuss the implications of categorical dynamics for our understanding of entry-timing advantages and explore the influence of industry contexts in the emergence of the dominant category.","PeriodicalId":174886,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114940114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability of Patent-Based Competitive Advantage","authors":"K. R. Harrigan, M. DiGuardo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2544304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2544304","url":null,"abstract":"Patents have been touted as being the type of resource which provides a basis for longer-lived competitive advantage, but as technological change accelerates, even patents have become questionable sources of sustainable competitive advantage. In settings where no sources of competitive advantage are sustainable for long, managers have sought respite in resources, in how to organize and coordinate their operating routines, in recruiting superior knowledge workers, developing keener learning capabilities and absorptive capacity, and in learning how to copy competitors’ sources of competitive advantage more nimbly. We find that the duration of patent-based advantage is limited, but that its duration is longer where firms have patented inventions which incorporate a broader range of technological knowledge not core to the grants described in their respective patent applications.","PeriodicalId":174886,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127768715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-Foundations of Firm-Specific Human Capital: When Do Employees Perceive Their Skills to be Firm-Specific?","authors":"Joseph Raffiee, R. Coff","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2493511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2493511","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on human capital theory, strategy scholars have emphasized firm-specific human capital as a source of sustained competitive advantage. In this study, we begin to unpack the micro-foundation...","PeriodicalId":174886,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122095791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Dynamics and Knowledge Transfer in Virtual Organizations: Overcoming the Liability of Dispersion","authors":"Neil Gandal, Uriel Stettner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2467626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2467626","url":null,"abstract":"Product development within and across community-based and geographically dispersed virtual organizations is becoming an increasingly important mechanism through which individual knowledge holders create and disseminate knowledge in joint efforts to generate products. Without the benefits of face-to-face communication, such organizations face a particular set of constraints in their exposure to knowledge and know-how. This “liability of dispersion” increases the importance of the architecture of network ties that undergird the distinct development efforts, the embedded social structures, and the particular relationships involved in their product-generating efforts. In this paper, we examine whether particular network structures foster knowledge transfer among distinct open-source projects. We conjecture that Star developers—actors characterized by increasing levels of embeddedness and the associated ability to form ties with several projects within a network—serve boundary-spanning functions that facilitate an organization’s ability to collect, assimilate, and apply external information. We find support for this conjecture in our investigation of a network of open-source software projects and developers compiled from a dataset drawn from Sourceforge.net. We also show that becoming part of a giant network component is associated with relatively large changes in project performance.","PeriodicalId":174886,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121161519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Human Capital: Approaches & Models for Achieving Organizational Long-term Competitiveness and Sustainability","authors":"A. Zomorrodian","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2432515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2432515","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the theories and major focuses of Human Capital (HC), a new label for strategic HR as compared to conventional, none strategic, approaches in this field. The paper looks at HC‘s conceptual framework by making reference to a few major studies; laying down the foundation of strategic HR/HC as how it relates to gaining and sustaining competitive advantage for the organization, and how HC can ultimately turn the organization into a high performance system. Two major features of strategic HR/HC, the human resource development and performance management, as distinctive features of strategic versus non-strategic approach in this field, will be addressed in details as well a few high performance models like Balance Score Card, high performance model, and strategic map. Conclusion, based on cited studies will present how each referenced study came up with their own findings on major HC dimensions.","PeriodicalId":174886,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127787108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}