Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of the interlayer distribution of ZnO decorated with Ag nanoparticles on the antimicrobial activity of multilayer poly(methyl methacrylate) films","authors":"Miguel Ángel Waldo‐Mendoza, Nancy Araceli Rivera‐García, Marissa Robles‐Martínez, Perla Cristina Mayorga‐Colunga, Roberto Carlos Martínez‐Montejano, Elías Pérez","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22146","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Incorporating nanoparticles into polymer matrices for enhanced antimicrobial properties is particularly interesting. This study examines how the interlayer distribution of zinc oxide (ZnO) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films impacts their antimicrobial activity. Various PMMA multilayer films were prepared, with the antimicrobial additive intentionally placed in the outer, core, bottom, or throughout all layers. Their efficacy was tested against gram‐negative (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>) and gram‐positive (<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic>) bacteria. Results indicate that <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> was the strain with the highest sensitivity to the system because it is a gram (−) bacterium, which could generate a lower resistance to AgNPs. On the other hand, <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic>, being gram (+), presents a thicker lipid membrane, and peptidoglycan wall, which makes it difficult for AgNPs to enter. Films with uniform distribution throughout thickness exhibited the most sustained antimicrobial activity due to high antimicrobial concentration. This study demonstrated that the distribution of the AgNPs/ZnO system in different layers of a PMMA film influences its antimicrobial capacity. Finally, a mechanism for migrating silver ions released from the AgNPs/ZnO system in PMMA films is proposed, highlighting their interactions with bacterial cells and the subsequent antimicrobial effects.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Interlayer distribution influences antimicrobial activity.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Outer placement leads to rapid silver ion release.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Core distribution controls antimicrobial kinetics.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Uniform distribution ensures sustained activity.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":17473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of acrylonitrile rubber containing zinc oxide as safety products","authors":"Doaa E. El Nashar, Soheir Y. Tawfik, Fahima M. Helaly, Aman I. Khalaf, Abdelmohsen M. Soliman","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22145","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>The goal of this research is to find the ideal formulation with the best antimicrobial performance in terms of rheological, physicomechanical, and lowest toxic properties to produce safety rubber for the children toy's and other industrial products. In order to accomplish this, a number of formulations containing ZnO as activator for vulcanization process as well as an antimicrobial agent at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 40 phr in the presence of 40 phr of different fillers were prepared. The rheological characteristics of prepared compounded rubber samples were assessed and the cure rate was calculated. The overall rheological test results indicate a raise in minimum and maximum torque along with a fall in scorch and optimum cure time. The compounded NBR was vulcanized as estimated curing time. The results illustrated that the NBR vulcanizates containing various amounts of ZnO and 40 phr talc have the best physicomechanical properties. Also, the scanning electron micrographs indicated surface homogeneity and good dispersion of the NBR components. The cytotoxicity test of the investigated vulcanizates on normal retina cell line gave no cytotoxic effect which assessed their safety. These findings offer useful information for antimicrobial NBR vulcanizates for kid's toys and other safety products.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Synthesis of antimicrobial NBR rubber vulcanizates for safety applications.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The antimicrobial agent used was ZnO.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>ZnO nanoparticles and other ingredients were incorporated with NBR on the ordinary rubber mixer.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Rheological, physicomechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of NBR rubber were tested.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The products have better mechanical and antimicrobial safety properties.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":17473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of antibacterial food packaging from polyvinyl alcohol/sodium caseinate composite films cross‐linked with lactic acid","authors":"Naz Doğa Dülger, Sema Samatya Yilmaz, Hüseyin Uzuner, Ayse Aytac","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22137","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>In this study, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Sodium Caseinate (NaCAS) were cross‐linked by mixing with Lactic acid (LA) in different proportions (0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%). Composite films were obtained from the prepared solutions using the solution casting method. The obtained composite films were appeared as slightly opaque and lightly yellowish, but mostly transparent. As the amount of LA increased, the polarized microscope surface images of the composite films became rougher. It was explained that cross‐linking occurred with the aldehyde groups (CHO) determined in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The increasing 5% weight loss temperature of the films because of cross‐linking also increased the thermal strength. In X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), the 2<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> peak intensity of the 2% LA‐added film, which had the highest cross‐link density, was indicated to be the lowest. It was reported that 4% and above the LA contribution rate negatively affects the physical and mechanical properties of the PVA/NaCAS matrix. The pure PVA/NaCAS film had 30.08 MPa tensile strength and 1.49% tensile strain. The film with 2% LA added showed the tensile strength value closest to the pure film with 23.89 MPa. With a 6.52% value, the film containing 2% LA showed the lowest moisture retention behavior. Pure PVA/NaCAS film, which has a hydrophilic structure with a contact angle of 57°, gained hydrophobic ability with the addition of LA. The 1% LA‐added film exhibited the highest hydrophobic behavior with a contact angle value of 99°. With the LA additive, an increase in the contact angle values of the composite films was observed between approximately 61% and 74%. In addition, the water vapor permeability (WVTR) with 582.37 g/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> day value of pure PVA/NaCAS composite film decreased after the addition of LA. It was degraded to 322.72 g/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> day WVTR value in the 1% LA‐added film. 100% antibacterial activity against both <jats:italic>E</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus</jats:italic> was observed in composite films containing 1% or more LA additive. The resulting films were suggested to be used as active food packaging with antibacterial effects.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>LA can be used as a crosslinking agent for PVA/NaCAS blends.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>2% LA contribution has shown the highest cross‐linking density.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>4% LA and higher LA contribution would negatively affect the mechanical properties of the matrix.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>High antibacterial activity was obtained against both <jats:italic>E</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus</jats:italic> in films containing 1% or more LA.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":17473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and properties of two types of tung oil‐based liquid auxiliary heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride processing","authors":"Xiao Feng, Shouhai Li, Na Yao, Xiaohua Yang, Mingtao Lin, Hongxiao Wang, Haiyang Ding, Lina Xu, Mei Li, Tianxiang Deng","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22144","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>In this work, two types of tung oil‐based auxiliary heat stabilizers (Ph‐T and Ph‐TO) were prepared for application in PVC processing. Combined with traditional heat stabilizers (calcium stearate and zinc stearate), Ph‐T or Ph‐TO can greatly alleviate “zinc burning” during the PVC processing which can significantly extend the processing time of PVC, so that improve the fault tolerance rate during PVC processing. Notably, the preparation process of Ph‐T and Ph‐TO is simple and does not require any heating, leading to reduced production costs and simplified manufacturing processes. Additionally, Ph‐T or Ph‐TO can enhance the plasticity of PVC, reducing the need for plasticizers and achieving multiple benefits with a single additive, which might be applicable in the production of blood bags or cable sheathing.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Two types novel tung oil‐based liquid auxiliary heat stabilizer for PVC processing were prepared. The preparation process is simple and does not require any heating.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>These auxiliary heat stabilizers can greatly alleviate “zinc burning” during the PVC processing and which can significantly extend the processing time of PVC, improve the fault tolerance rate during PVC processing.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>These auxiliary heat stabilizers can improve the overall plasticity of the PVC material and achieving the multi‐effect.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":17473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant role of novel additives in improving the antibacterial properties of rubber composite: A comprehensive review","authors":"Heba Kandil","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22143","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Antibacterial products have gained considerable attention from both the academic and industrial communities due to the transmission of several infectious diseases which has raised public awareness of the disinfection pathways of such highly infectious bacteria. Among the materials that have raised public awareness are rubber composite materials as they are present in many different applications, such as medical apparatus, health care products, food packaging, and house furnishings Therefore, the development of rubber‐composite‐based materials with antibacterial activity is crucial to avoid the propagation of pathogens. In this regard, researchers have directed their focus toward the development of innovative additives with antibacterial properties to enhance the antibacterial activities of rubber composites. Several promising additives have emerged, most notably metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, biopolymers, plant‐derived materials, and synthetic organic compounds. The studies have shown that the incorporation of these additives endows the rubber composites with antibacterial properties, making them applicable in a range of biomedical uses. In light of these findings, the present review aims to cover recent works to improve the antibacterial properties of rubber composites using different additives.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Rubber composite materials, found in various applications like medical apparatus and food packaging, have raised public awareness of infection prevention.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Development of rubber‐composite‐based materials with antibacterial activity is crucial for preventing pathogen propagation.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Researchers focus on innovative additives, including metal nanoparticles, biopolymers, plant‐derived materials, and synthetic organic compounds, to enhance antibacterial properties.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Incorporating these additives into rubber composites endows them with antibacterial properties, suitable for biomedical applications.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":17473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the tribological impact of micaceous additives in copper‐free automobile brake friction composites","authors":"G. Sathyamoorthy, Vijay Raghunathan, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, D. Lenin Singaravelu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22142","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>This study investigates the tribological impact of incorporating micaceous additives in copper‐free brake friction composites for automotive applications. Four brake pad formulations were created, each containing different amounts of muscovite and phlogopite, ranging from 0% to 10% by weight. A brake pad comparison was conducted by replacing mica with synthetic barites. The physical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties of the fabricated brake friction composite were examined. Tribological features were evaluated through inertia brake dynamometer testing following the JASO‐C‐406 schedule. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis delved into contact plateau formations and back transfer patches on the brake pad's surfaces. Notably, phlogopite‐based pads exhibited enhanced thermal stability and efficient heat dissipation, contributing to sustained tribological performance. Overall, the comprehensive evaluation using the multiple objective optimization by ratio analysis (MOORA) method positioned phlogopite‐based brake pads as the optimal choice for optimized braking performances.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Exploration of micaceous additives as an ingredient in brake friction composite.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Phlogopite‐based brake pads showed better fade and recovery performance.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Phlogopite‐based brake pads exhibited low pad wear and rotor wear.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>MOORA optimization positioned phlogopite‐based brake pads as the optimal choice.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":17473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and dielectric properties of polyvinyl chloride/zinc oxide nanocomposites","authors":"Ali F. Al‐Shawabkeh, Adel A. Shaheen, Ziad M. Elimat, Mousa M. A. Imran, Imad Hamadneh, Ammar H. Al‐Dujaili","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22131","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Because of its special structural and functional characteristics, poly(vinyl chloride)/zinc oxide nanocomposite (PVC/ZnO) exhibits great potential in a variety of electrical, optical, water treatment, and medical applications. According to that, this study was carried out to examine the AC electrical properties of the prepared PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films using the AC impedance techniques. The PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films were prepared by casting method by weight% concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% ZnO nanoparticle. Each mixture was fabricated in film and casted in 5 cm × 5 cm glass caste. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the nanocomposites samples. The results of the FTIR spectroscopy analysis of the PVC/ZnO nanocomposites confirmed the presence of peaks characteristic of the vibration of the ZnO bond. XRD revealed that pure PVC films are partially crystalline with hallow peak but ZnO nanoparticles have wurtzite structure, and the nanocomposite films were almost the same as those of ZnO with decrease in the degree of crystallization, causing increase in the amorphous region. The surface of the films was analyzed by SEM, which becomes rough with some small aggregates compared with pure PVC with good distribution in the entire surface region with bright spots. The electrical properties AC conductivity (), real dielectric constant (), imaginary dielectric constant (), real electrical modulus (), and imaginary electric modulus () were studied in the frequency range 2–6 MHz and temperature range 293–313 K for the prepared film studied. The results showed that the properties of the PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films were found to be dependent on the frequency, and the concentration of the ZnO nanoparticle in the PVC polymer matrix. In addition, the results of the study show that there is a sharp increase in the , with increasing of temperature. In contrast, the other parameters, that is, , , , and are temperature independence.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films with different weight% concentrations of ZnO nanoparticle were prepared.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>AC electrical properties were measured using AC impedance techniques.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The nanocomposites samples were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Electrical properties , , , , and were found to be frequency and temperature dependences.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":17473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of a new Schiff base acceptor–donor molecule as a UV stabilizer for enhanced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) photoprotection","authors":"Hamid J. Mohammad, Ayysha Shihab Ahmed, Taiseer Abdul‐kader Saleh, Mohammed Basil Anwer, Hussein A. Hamzah, Sohad A. Alshareef, Zamzam Alhuwaymil, Rasha Saad Jwad, Mohammed H. Al‐Mashhadani","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22140","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester of significant interest. Owing to its traits, PLA stands out as one of the most widely used polymers in various fields. Nevertheless, environmental conditions, such as heat, UV light, and humidity have negative impacts on the polymer's performance as a result of the accelerating aging process. In this study, we present a novel acceptor–donor (AD) Schiff base molecule that demonstrates significant UV stabilization when incorporated into the polymer's matrix. The stabilization effect of the AD molecule was studied by using the weight loss method and tracking the functional group indices of CO (I<jats:sub>CO</jats:sub>) and OH (I<jats:sub>OH</jats:sub>) that emerge because of polymer degradation after irradiation with UV light for 300 h. The films' structures were studied by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) to evaluate the stabilization enhancement of AD moiety. The results exhibit a significant decrease in weight loss for blended PLA, in contrast to blank PLA. The weight loss percentage reduced from 2.5 for blank PLA to less than 0.7 for blended PLA. Furthermore, I<jats:sub>CO</jats:sub> and I<jats:sub>OH</jats:sub> indices witness a remarkable reduction which verifies the improved photodegradation resulting from AD moiety. The suggested method involves the efficient absorption of UV radiation produced during photo‐degradation by the AD molecule, which then emits this light as visible blue light without causing any damage to PLA film's chemical structure. Our results demonstrate the adaptability of AD molecules as PLA photo‐stabilizers and point to their wider significance for sustainable material applications. This work advances the stability of PLA films and provides opportunities for the creation of novel stabilization techniques based on organic electrical principles. Future studies may examine the multipurpose uses of the AD molecule in sensor materials and other contexts.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Presenting a novel acceptor–donor Schiff base as a phot stabilizer of PLA.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Using the weight loss method and tracking the functional group indices to test the degradation.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>A significant decrease in weight loss for blended PLA, in contrast to blank PLA.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The Schiff base absorbing UV light, excited electrons from ground state to excited state.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>They return to the ground state and produce bright blue light.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>These movement of electrons cause no damage to the PLA polymer chains.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":17473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141588326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A perspective on additives for flexible packaging","authors":"Barry A. Morris","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22135","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Additives have been critical to the growth of flexible packaging since its inception nearly 100 years ago. Additives help tailor the performance of new materials to meet packaging needs and to efficiently run on film converting and packaging equipment. Examples include antioxidants for thermo‐oxidative stability during extrusion, slip and antiblock agents to improve film handling and frictional properties, polymer process aides (PPAs) to delay the onset of flow instabilities and increase output, pigments for coloring films and creating light barrier, antifog agents to improve wetting of film surfaces, antistat agents to reduce static charge, and nucleating agents for increasing the rate of crystallization and controlling crystalline morphology. This paper provides a brief history of the development and use of additives in flexible packaging, focusing on polyolefins. It then looks forward at new challenges and opportunities for additive development. One area is regulatory driven, most recently replacing per‐and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)‐containing PPAs with non‐PFAS technology. The industry has had to respond very rapidly to changing regulations and introduce new technology. The challenge is understanding the impact of the new technology on performance. A second area is sustainability where additives will be critical for upgrading the performance of mechanically recycled post‐consumer packaging waste, redesigning flexible packaging structures so that they can be recycled in the PE‐stream, and using bio‐based or compostable polymers. New research methods such as high throughput experimentation, artificial intelligence and computer modeling and simulation will likely accelerate additive development in the future.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Additives are critical for meeting flexible packaging performance needs.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Additives improve surface and bulk properties and processability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Replacing PFAS‐containing process aides is a current area of focus.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Sustainability is driving new opportunities for additive development.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>New research tools will help accelerate additive development.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":17473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of various saturation levels of hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber on plasticized polyvinyl chloride performance","authors":"Chundie Zhang, Tingting Chen, Ling Zhang, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22136","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) burns easily and generates a lot of smoke during combustion. In order to improve the comprehensive performance of plasticized PVC, hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR) with different degrees of saturation (88%, 94% and 99%) were melt blended with plasticized PVC. Compared to the plasticized PVC without HNBR, the glass transition temperature decreased from −10.6 to −26.0°C, the initiation temperature for thermal degradation increased from 272 to 281°C, the elongation at break enlarged from 316% to 477%, and the permanent set dropped from 72% to 61% when HNBR was added to plasticized PVC at a ratio of 30 parts per hundred parts of resin. However, this resulted in a weakening of tensile strength of the plasticized PVC. Additionally, in the cone calorimetry test, the total smoke production of the PVC/HNBR blends (from 18 to 22 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) was lower than that of the PVC control (23 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) and the time to ignition was increased from 26 to 32 s. As a result, PVC/HNBR is expected to gain popularity in the rubber and plastic pipe, wire, and cable sheathing industries.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Plasticized PVC improves thermal stability by melt blending with HNBR.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>All PVC/HNBR samples have excellent low‐temperature resistance.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The addition of HNBR decreases the burning smoke density of plasticized PVC.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":17473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}