{"title":"Preferences for redistribution in Japan","authors":"U. Yuksel","doi":"10.1080/2329194X.2021.1981139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2021.1981139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper studies the individual-level determinants of preference for government redistribution in Japan using the Japanese General Social Survey dataset. I argue that country-specific characteristics might create differences in redistribution preferences and find that contrary to the findings in the literature that focus on western countries, being female decreases the demand for redistribution in Japan. Similarly, being affiliated with a religion increases the demand for redistribution instead of decreasing it. Other determinants of redistribution preferences such as income, education and political preferences have a similar effect in Japan compared with western countries. I also test the effect of happiness on redistribution preferences and find that happiness decreases the demand for redistribution.","PeriodicalId":174725,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Political Economy","volume":"7 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127447175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue of Japanese Political Economy on international income inequality","authors":"A. Freeman","doi":"10.1080/2329194X.2021.1972816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2021.1972816","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper introduces the special edition on International Inequality. It contextualizes the papers against the background of the “new inequality literature”. This contains two broad strands: critics of the International Financial Institutions who focus on inequality between nations and those like Piketty who focus on with inequality within nations. These concerns have wider consequences, notably for scholars of the “Great Divergence” between the global South and North that followed the advent of capitalism; it is also theoretically damaging for neoclassical economics, whose standard models of Growth and Trade predict that the world market should reverse this Divergence. It identifies a number of lacunae in this literature. First, the literature does not address the relation between the two sources of inequality, though it is clear that the former has significant effects on the latter. Second, the literature does little to address the causes of inequality in general, confining itself to amassing a volume of empirical data. The contributions in this volume are dedicated to making good these absences. The introduction concludes with an analysis of the roots of the theoretical difficulties involved and calls for a concerted scholarly effort to construct superior alternatives.","PeriodicalId":174725,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Political Economy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126039152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“We do not want to survive; we want to thrive.”: Japanese agricultural cooperative’s seven decades of overcoming degeneration","authors":"R. G. Muchetu","doi":"10.1080/2329194X.2021.1973902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2021.1973902","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Along its development trajectory, a cooperative reaches a stage when market circumstances force it to restructure into a corporate entity. While neoclassical theory regards this as an advancement, political economy theory views it as ‘degeneration’ because the cooperative has become what it initially sought to defy. Several strands of literature show how some cooperatives either disbanded because they could not restructure into corporations or survived by changing into private share-owned firms. However, there have been minimal theoretical explanations for those cooperatives that have managed to overcome degeneration. This paper analyzes the Japanese Agricultural Cooperative (JA) and argues that a more robust, assertive, and organized national association enabled it to resist degeneration. Data was collected through a case study of JA Green Omi (Shiga prefecture) using a mixed methodology approach. The results indicate that the stability of the cooperative’s capital structure, the nature of self-reform, and internal contradictions were as strong as only allowed by the stability of the national cooperative association. Thus, to overcome degeneration, developing cooperatives must bolster the interplay between local and national associations in addition to intra-cooperative tinkering and restructuring.","PeriodicalId":174725,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Political Economy","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129174746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interpretation of Chapter 17 of The General Theory and reconciliation between the endogenous money supply and the liquidity preference theory","authors":"T. Oka","doi":"10.1080/2329194X.2021.1984253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2021.1984253","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The arguments that totally denied Chapter 17 of Keynes’ General Theory (GT) and the arguments that found the core of Keynesian revolution in Chapter 17 are shown to have a common interpretation that the chapter describes the arbitrage equilibrating process through asset price adjustments, where demand and supply prices are identified with spot and future prices, with the definition of own-rate of interest as the money-rate of interest minus contango. It is shown that such an interpretation inevitably renders Keynes’ reasoning self-contradictory, and that if one intends to establish reconciliation between endogenous money supply and the liquidity preference theory, Chapter 17 should be interpreted as what Keynes presented, which means the chapter is in conformity with the previous chapters and with Keynes’ articles written after the GT.","PeriodicalId":174725,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Political Economy","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124093613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Income inequality: Past, present and future in a political economy perspective","authors":"Pascal Mickael Petit","doi":"10.1080/2329194X.2021.1978298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2021.1978298","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to interpret the levels and evolution of income distribution, we need to take into account the variety of capitalism modes considered and their respective capacity to maintain an effective social contract. This makes it possible to assess the importance of the social crises that these countries are going through as well as their capacity to respond to the new challenges posed by environmental degradation. The question is all the more difficult because this response must be coordinated on a global scale and implies a profound questioning of the management of globalization over the past three decades.","PeriodicalId":174725,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Political Economy","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121441914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transformation of the class structure in contemporary Japan","authors":"Kenji Hashimoto","doi":"10.1080/2329194X.2021.1943685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2021.1943685","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Japan had experienced a rapid increase in economic disparity since the early 1980s. This article attempts to quantitatively clarify the structure of economic disparity and its social consequences in contemporary Japan from the perspective of Marxian class theory. Based on the analysis of government statistics and questionnaire survey data, the following facts were revealed. First, the class categories based on Marxian class theory had strong explanatory power for income and social consciousness. Second, in Japanese society, there is an exploitation relationship in which the three classes located in the capitalist mode of production exploit the old middle class located in simple commodity production. Within the capitalist mode of production, the capitalist class and the new middle class are the exploiting classes and the working class is the exploited class, however the central targets of exploitation are the underclass and female workers. Thirdly, the underclass is fundamentally different from the other classes in terms of income, life course, consciousness and living conditions. From the above, we can conclude that Japanese society today is a new class society that includes the underclass as an important element at the bottom of class structure.","PeriodicalId":174725,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Political Economy","volume":"2002 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125700485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Marxist feminism on Japanese women’s movement: Focusing on the domestic labor debates","authors":"K. Ida","doi":"10.1080/2329194X.2021.1874827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2021.1874827","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The term Marxist feminism was introduced from the West and appeared in Japan after the 1980s. The representative theorist was Ueno Chizuko, who greatly contributed to the development of feminist theories in Japan, including Marxist feminism. It should be noted that this argument was not new in Japan, and in the 1970s, when the domestic labour theories began to be discussed in Western countries, there existed in Japan the original discussions by Takenaka Emiko, Iijima Aiko and others, which go back to the issue of socialist women, such as Yamakawa Kikue, before the Second World War. Of particular note was the 1960 housewife debate by Isono Fujiko and Mizuta Tamae, which had already pioneered Marxist feminism and most of the theorists in the 1970s succeeded the argument of the 1960s. Since the 1990s, the perspective of considering housework and childcare as labour has been reflected in social support for child and elderly care enacting the related laws. The change was accompanied by the women’s labour movement and women’s human rights issues such as the elimination of violence against women. It can be said that the recognition that ‘housework is labour’, formed by the domestic labour debate, as a whole, contributed to shake the patriarchal concept of labour and empowered the emergence of various movements concerning women that had been overlooked before.","PeriodicalId":174725,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Political Economy","volume":"2 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128636862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why do Japanese women suffer from the low status?: The impact of neo-liberalist reform on gender","authors":"C. Ueno","doi":"10.1080/2329194X.2021.1892496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2021.1892496","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The global ranking of Japan’s Gender Gap Index is 121st among 153 countries in 2020, disproportionally low compared with Japan’s GDP ranked at the third. This paper explores the structural background and the historical path-dependency why Japanese women are confined at the low status. The so-called Japanese style management, once considered as a success model, is responsible for this gender inequality, which strongly sticks to the male breadwinner model. The paper also explains who pays the cost of gender discrimination, and its historical outcome in the international community in the comparative context. With the lack of outsourcing alternatives of women’s care burden, namely, neither socialization of care service in the public sector at the cost of high tax burden, nor commodification of care service in the market at the cost of cheap migrant labor, gender serves as a functional equivalent with class and race in other societies, which accordingly keep Japanese women at the bottom of labor market. In addition, the paper proves the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, particularly on single mothers, where the existing gap is widened and accelerated at the time of crisis.","PeriodicalId":174725,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Political Economy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134268881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development, gender, and asymmetries between Mexico and Japan","authors":"Alicia Girón","doi":"10.1080/2329194X.2021.1878905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2021.1878905","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The gender gaps in Mexico and Japan can be fruitfully compared even though the economic development of these two countries is at very different levels. The purpose of this paper is to compare gender equity between a developed and an underdeveloped country through a comparative and descriptive analysis using gender and macroeconomic indexes. The World Economic Forum points out that Mexico was ranked 75th and Japan 80th out of 153 countries on the Global Gender Gap Index in 2006, but by 2020 Mexico reached 25th place, and Japan had fallen to the 121st. In this paper, indicators and statistics will function as an aid in understanding gender gaps, macroeconomic differences, and the development of women in Mexico and Japan. The time reference for this study includes the periods before and after the Great International Financial Crisis (GFC), a watershed in global economic development until 2020.","PeriodicalId":174725,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Political Economy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130334259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender equality, paid and unpaid care and domestic work: Disadvantages of state-supported marketization of care and domestic work","authors":"Sumika Yamane","doi":"10.1080/2329194X.2021.1874826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2021.1874826","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gender inequality, caused by the unequal distribution of unpaid care and domestic work between genders, has been a major feminist issue for a long time. This article demonstrates that so-called gender equality policies, which aim to reduce the burden of women’s unpaid care and domestic work through the state-supported marketization of these services, create a vulnerable group of under-paid care and domestic workers. Such policies widen income gap between women who can purchase these services and those who cannot. I will propose feminist initiatives for gender equality that address these problems","PeriodicalId":174725,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Political Economy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127920201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}