Journal of Urban Living and Health Association最新文献

{"title":"Safety Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes in Smokers","authors":"K. Miura, Yuko Kikukawa, T. Nakao, Hidekiti Tokai, Y. Izumi, H. Fujii, T. Hojo","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.59","url":null,"abstract":"In order to assess the safety of electronic cigarettes, 32 smokers who consume more than 20 tobacco cigarettes daily were enrolled in the present study. The cartridge of an electronic cigarette contains 0.25 g of glycerin aqueous solution. Each participant was asked to consume one filter cartridge per day (more than 150 puffs per day) for 4 weeks. Following the treatment, no abnormal changes in blood pressure, hematological data, or blood chemistry and no severe adverse events were observed. Although a trace amount of acrolein was detected in the vapor collected from a single filter cartridge, it was less than the minimum amount in the mainstream smoke from a single tobacco cigarette. During the use of the electronic cigarette, the daily consumption of tobacco cigarettes decreased significantly. This electronic cigarette containing glycerin aqueous solution may be a safe alternative to cigarette","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83676810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Issues in Alcohol Drinking and Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"I. Wakabayashi","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.34","url":null,"abstract":"Light-to-moderate alcohol drinking reduces the risk of atherosclerotic diseases such as coronary heart disease, ischemic-type stroke, and peripheral artery disease through the anti-atherosclerotic and anti-thrombotic effects of alcohol. These beneficial effects of alcohol are explained mainly by its blood lipid-improving actions, such as hDL cholesterol-increasing and LDL cholesterol-decreasing actions, and by its blood coagulation-suppressing actions, such as platelet aggregation-inhibiting, blood fibrinogen-decreasing, and plasminogen activator-increasing actions. These biological actions of alcohol are thought to be independent of the type of beverage and to be due to ethanol itself. On the other hand, excessive drinking and binge drinking increase the risk of hypertension, hemorrhagic-type stroke, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy. The guidelines of the international and Japanese societies of hypertension recommend that alcohol intake should be restricted to less than two drinks (24 g ethanol) per day in men and one drink (12 g ethanol) per day in women. Alcohol drinking should never be recommended for promotion of health in those who are currently nondrinkers since there is no way of predicting the future likelihood of excessive drinking and addiction. Moreover, individual background factors such as age, gender, body weight, history of smoking, history of hypertension therapy, and polymorphism of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes should be taken into account when considering alcohol intake volume suitable for each individual. The etiology of alcohol-induced hypertension and cardiomyopathy remains to be clarified. Future studies are also needed to determine whether light-tomoderate alcohol drinking is permissible in persons with atherosclerotic disease and in persons with risk factors for atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73933935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present Status and Future Prospects of Food Irradiation","authors":"M. Furuta","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.23","url":null,"abstract":"Food irradiation is an effective physical process for decontamination of fresh foods, sprout inhibition of potatoes and onions, and disinfestation of agricultural grains utilizing the ionizable energy of gamma-rays, X-rays, and electron beams. the wholesomeness a combined notion of toxicological, microbiological, and nutritional suitability of irradiated foods has been authorized by WHO and other international organizations. research into the safety of alkylcyclobutanones, a newly detected unique radiolytic product in irradiated foods, is now in progress. Food irradiation has already been cleared in at least 51 countries and more than 400,000 tons of foods are commercially irradiated in at least 16 countries including China, the uSa, and asian countries. Spices and herbs are the main products for food irradiation to eliminate pathogens. However, in Japan, only potato irradiation for sprout inhibition has so far been cleared, and approximately 8,000 tons of irradiated potatoes are distributed on the Japanese market every year. all Nippon Spice association, the Japanese spice industry association, has been submitting petitions for the approval of spice irradiation for decontamination to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare for more than 10 years. tL analysis and alkylcyclobutanone analysis have already been authorized as official irradiation detection methods in the inspection of imported foods. anti-food irradiation groups are still active and consumers also have vague concerns over the use of irradiation in food processing in Japan. In order to progress to a solution, public information activities using simple explanations are very important.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72828845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Sugar Loading on Blood Glucose Suppression by Indigestible Dextrin","authors":"H. Beppu, Haruo Watanabe","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.3","url":null,"abstract":"Human clinical studies have yielded a great number of findings on the suppressive effect of indigestible dextrin on glucose absorption. The suppressive effect tends to be marked in subject groups whose blood glucose is at high levels in blood tests and the degree of suppression may vary depending on the saccharide species used for loading. The following is a summary review of the suppressive effect of indigestible dextrin as reported in scientific papers. 1) In starch loading tests, although a significant difference in the degree of blood glucose suppression by indigestible dextrin is seen in groups whose blood glucose values after placebo ingestion are higher than average, no such difference is commonly observed in low-value groups. 2) When groups with high and low blood glucose values before testing are classified in the same starch loading study, however, a significant difference is observed even in low-value groups, as the low-value group includes subjects in the placebo group with higher blood glucose values showing higher peak values at testing. ) In sucrose loading tests, the significant difference was observed more clearly not only in high-value groups but also in low-value groups. Since the inhibitory action of indigestible dextrin is strong on α-glucosidase when it binds to sucrose in order to hydrolyze into glucose and fructose, it appears certain that suppression of glucose absorption into the blood takes place. 4) When maltose loading was carried out in twelve healthy young subjects (mean age: 21.4±0.51) in a preliminary study, there was a significant difference in the degree of blood glucose suppression in the groups with higher than average blood glucose level. However, no significant difference was found in another test, in which maltose was loaded to 1 adult subjects (mean age: 54.4±5.5). Although the glucose absorption at maltose hydrolysis in α-glucosidase reaction may be inhibited by indigestible dextrin like as that at starch hydrolysis, the results of the maltose loading test were varied. 5) Since α-glucosidase is distributed over the small intestine wall, in order to inhibit co-transportation of the 総 説 1) 〒514-1296 三重県津市久居一色町 1865 番地 E-mail: hbeppu@fujita-hu.ac.jp 2) 〒1 -0056 東京都江戸川区南小岩 61-8 E-mail: watan.ha@kuzuha-tc.jp *FOSHU: Food for Specified Health Uses 生活衛生(Seikatsu Eisei)Vol. 55 No. 1 − 14(2011) 生 活 衛 生 Vol. 55 No. 1(2011) — (4) — 観察された。 一方、糖尿病の診断には、血糖値(グルコース)の ほか、慢性度の指標として、ヘモグロビン A1c(HbA1c)、 グリコアルブミン (GA)、1,5アンヒドログルシトール (1,5-AG) が用いられている[6]。このうち、糖尿病との 境界領域にある健常者(境界型)は、空腹時血糖値が 110 ~ 125mg/dL、HbA1c が 5.8 ~ 6.4% を示す者をいう [6]。境界型の被験者は「血糖値高め」に推移している ばかりではなく、一度上昇した血糖値が低下しにくい。 試験に「血糖値高め」の被験者を組み込むほど試験の 平均血糖値は高くなる。 「トクホが許可する難消化性デキストリンの効果」は、 食事時に難消化性デキストリンを含有する食品を摂取 して糖(グルコース)の吸収を抑制することなので、 あくまで食後血糖値の上昇抑制を経時的に観察したも のである。長期に渉る血糖値抑制効果は血糖値が長期 に抑制された結果としての HbA1c の変動を調べるこ とが適当である。当該製品の長期安全性試験における HbA1c の変動を追跡する必要があるが、難消化性デキ ストリンの効果として、長期の血糖値抑制に言及した 論文は少ない。水嶋ら[7]は、 ヶ月連続摂取安全性 試験において、試験前の空腹時血糖値平均値が境界領 域にある被験者群について、フラクトサミンの低下の ほか、摂取","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86049244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey for Genetically Modified Rice and Investigation of DNA Extraction Methods in Processed-Rice Foods","authors":"M. Ki, Taro Murakami, A. Sato, T. Yamano, M. Shimizu","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.65","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75271580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in Measurement Methods of Environmental Quality Standards for Water in Japan","authors":"M. Shinya","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77886552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Part 2","authors":"K. Arikawa, Y. Nishikawa","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77760005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present and Future Use of Natural Antibacterial and Fungicidal Agents","authors":"N. Ihara, N. Hamada","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.304","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria and fungi often grow inside dwellings, causing dirt and unpleasant smells and presenting a potential health hazard in the indoor environment. Methods of controlling microbiological contamination differ according to the location within the dwelling and include cleaning, chemicals, ventilators, and air-cleaners. The present study investigated the use of machines and chemicals to control microbiological contamination and assessed the benefits and problems related to their use. Numerous anti-bacterial and fungicidal agents are used in dwellings. Of these, natural preparations using herbs and metallic substances have noteworthy safety advantages. For example, rosemary containing essential oil not only controls bacteria and fungi, but also reduces unpleasant smells. However, if these additional characteristics of natural agents are grasped correctly, any herb or metallic substance with antibacterial or antifungal action is useful for life. The paper therefore also discusses where these natural agents are used and how to deploy them effectively.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85562279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Situation and Regulation of Mycotoxins in Food","authors":"Y. Sugita‐Konishi","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76059136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Typical Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Part 1","authors":"M. Wakushima, Lili Wang, A. Hidaka, S. Fujihara, R. Nakajima, J. Shi, Y. Nishikawa","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80250659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}