Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system in the Production and Sale of ‘Fura da nono’ in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"M. K. Lawan","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0190","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure the safety of ‘Fura da nono‘, a popular beverage widely consumed in the university campuses within Northern Nigeria, the HACCP system need to be applied. The study was carried out to assess the biological hazards associated with consumption of ‘Fura da nono‘ using the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system. Flowchart of the production processes was drawn and samples were collected and analyzed at different stages of production for total aerobic and coliform plate counts and fungi isolation. The results showed that grinded millet have a total aerobic plate counts (TAPC) ranged from 6.72 log10 to 6.98 log10 cfu/mg, while the total coliform counts (TCC) ranged from 5.32 log10 to 5.45 log10 cfu/mg. After sieving, the (TAPC) ranged from 6.45 log10 to 6.99 log10 cfu/mg, while the (TCC) ranged from 5.23 log10 to 5.59 log10 cfu/mg. All samples were positive for fungi growth after grinding and sieving. The result of (TAPC) after addition of hot water but before molding into shape ranged from 2.99 log10 to 3.23 log10 cfu/mg, while the (TCC) ranged from 0.53 log10 to 0.86 log10 cfu/mg. After molding the millet dough into shape the (TAPC) ranged from 2.98 log10 to 3.43 log10 cfu/mg, while the (TCC) ranged from 0.78 log10 to 2.60 log10 cfu/mg. All the samples collected after adding boil water and molding the millet dough into shapes turn out to be negative for fungi growth. The risk analysis, showed high risk at the level of millet grinding, molding of dough, blending with yoghurt and packing into containers. the study revealed that the stages post boiling of the ingredients with water and molding of the dough into round shapes are the most prone to contamination as such considered as critical control points in ‘fura’ production. It was concluded that there were high bacteria counts in ‘fura’ production with dangers of food borne illnesses when consumed. There is a need to improve hygienic practices especially at the critical points observed in the study.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79514502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma in A Boerboel Dog in Ibadan, Nigeria – A Case Report","authors":"O. G. Ohore","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0121","url":null,"abstract":"This report describes the first case of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a Boerboel from our environment while emphasizing the importance of cytology as a quick and reliable diagnostic tool in clinical setting. The dog presented with a complaint of bloody urination had a noticeable growth on the penis. There was high cellularity of neoplastic squamous cells admixed numerous neutrophils and keratin within the background upon cytological evaluation. Therefore, cytological evaluation can become a ready tool for the diagnosis of SCC for appropriate treatment.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75668701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Ranking of Ruminants Disease of Economic Importance in Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"R. A. Usman","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0150","url":null,"abstract":"The economic burden of livestock diseases and inadequate veterinary services across the length and breadth of Nigeria reiterates the importance of sustained animal disease surveillance for sustainable prevention and control of diseases. This study was conducted with a view to identify and rank diseases of ruminants that are of economic importance in Plateau State. Basic descriptive analysis was performed, and the result expressed in frequencies and percentages. The result revealed that Foot and mouth disease 25.2% is the most predominant disease that affects cattle in the state. While Peste des petits ruminants 41.54% and tick infestation 34.3% are the diseases that mostly affect sheep and goats, respectively. This study also established that Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia 33.6% and Peste des petits ruminants 43.2% are the major diseases responsible for mortality in cattle and small ruminants, respectively. Most importantly, this study also revealed the practice of self-administration of medications by pastorals in the treatment of their sick animals, as such the need to enlighten farmers on the importance of correct diagnosis, cost-effective treatment regimen and consultation with professionals in the livestock healthcare delivery value chain were discussed..","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87674393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelvic Fracture, Coxo-femoral Luxation in a Pregnant Nigerian Local Bitch Following Road Traffic Accident","authors":"A. A. Adeyeye","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0110","url":null,"abstract":"A road traffic accident is a life-threatening traumatic condition affecting man and animals. A 7- Year-old local bitch weighing 25 kg was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto with the chief complaint of trauma following an automobile accident. At presentation, vital parameters were within normal range but the dog was on sternal recumbency. During clinical examination, there was an audible crepitating sound on rectal palpation. The mammary glands were engorged and ultrasonography revealed pregnancy with presence of viable foetuses. Dorsoventral radiography of the pelvic region revealed fracture of the pelvis and right coxo-femoral luxation. However, the bitch died over-night and was sent for post mortem, which revealed fracture of the right ilium and pubis with severe intra-muscular haemorrhages of the gluteus and quadriceps muscles. There was diaphragmatic hernia along with congested lungs and blood-tinged fluid in the thorax. There was also severe hydroperitoneum, rupture of the left uterine horn and six dead foetuses in-utero. The dog may have died of hypovolemic shock due to the traumatic injury.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88422448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographic and Biochemical Evaluations of Postnatal Development of Bones of the Forelimb in Nigerian Indigenous Dogs.","authors":"M. N. Bappah","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Bone is a hard and resilient tissue structure that provides mechanical support for the body of an organism. This study was aimed to evaluate the radiographical and biochemical changes during postnatal bone development of forelimbs in Nigerian indigenous puppies from 2-week-old to 24-week-old. Six (6) Nigerian indigenous puppies were chemically restrained using chlorpromazine at 2 mg/kg I.M. and positioned using ropes and sandbags for mediolateral and craniocaudal views of bones of the forelimbs. At 2-week-old, radiographic evaluation of bones of the forelimbs were undertaken and continued bi-weekly up to 24-week-old. Serum samples were analysed from 4-week-old to 24-week-old at four weeks’ interval for mineral (electrolytes) using colometric method for calcium and phosphorus and flame photometry method for sodium and potassium. At 2-week-old, there was an ill-defined radiopaque secondary ossification centre at the proximal epiphysis and a small ovoid radiopaque structure at the distal epiphysis of the humerus. There was not any sign of secondary ossification centre at proximal and distal epiphyses of both radius and ulna. There was the presence of a small radiopaque (ill-defined) accessory carpal. 1st to 5th metacarpals were present together with the proximal, middle and distal phalanges of all digits except the 1st digit that has proximal and distal phalanges. From 20-week-old, fully developed carpals and bony structures were observed through 24-week-old where the commencement of fusion of apophyses of olecranon (proximal epiphysis of ulna) at the centre and acrophyses of metacarpals and phalanges. The mean values (mean ± SEM) from serum biochemistry of calcium, phosphate, sodium and potassium in mmol/L from this study were within the normal limits throughout the study. Conclusively, the complementary information from calcium, phosphate, sodium and potassium in this study showed that these elements are within the normal limit that suggests normal bone development during the study period, which stressed the importance of the knowledge on serial changes of bone development which could be useful in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74575205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Listeria monocytogenes from Retailed Fresh Cat Fish and Frozen Fish in Abuja, Nigeria.","authors":"J. Alu","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0180","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Listeria monocytogenes from fresh catfish (Clarias species) and frozen raw fish (Mackerel and Herring). A total of 180 samples which comprised 60 units of fresh catfish, mackerel, and herring frozen fish each distributed uniformly across three locations in Abuja, were randomly collected within a period of three months. The samples were analyzed using standard bacteriological methods at the Animal science/bacteriology laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja. Presumptive isolates were further serotyped using latex agglutination and subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity testing at the Advance Biotechnology laboratory (SHESTCO) Sheda, Abuja. Overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes in this study was 10.6% (n=19/180) distributed across Gwagwalada (20%), Bwari (11.7%) and none in Kwali Area council. The occurrence according to fish types showed 18.3% in mackerel, 10.0% in herring fish while 3.33% was from catfish. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in the fish type studied. Antimicrobial resistance profile indicated high MAR index (≥ 0.4) which revealed a diverse spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics within the fish population in the study area. This was characterized by 100% resistance of L. monocytogenes isolates to ampicillin and tetracycline while few (5) isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (71.5%), streptomycin (61.2%). This finding provides a baseline information on the prevalence and antibiotic profile of L. monocytogenes in catfish and frozen fish in Abuja, Nigeria. Proper hygienic handling of fish during processing and sales is optimum in mitigating the risk of foodborne illness due to L. monocytogenes. Adequate control of antimicrobial agent usage is also recommended to reduce the occurrence and spread of potential multidrug resistance strains.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80028894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Exogenous Enzymes on Egg Fertility Traits, Egg Production and Oviduct Micro-structure of Layer Birds","authors":"I. C. Chibuogwu","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0111","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of two classes of exogenous enzymes on the egg fertility traits, egg production efficiency and oviduct micro-structure of laying hens was evaluated. Forty-five laying hens (30-weeks old, 1.32-1.40 kg) were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments with fifteen birds per treatment (five birds each in three replicates per treatment) in a completely randomized design. Diet one served as the control diet. Diet two (FS diet) contained a nutrient-targeted exogenous enzyme preparation (Fullzyme®) at 200 g/ton, while diet three (DS diet) contained a mycotoxin-targeted exogenous enzyme preparation (Detoxizyme®) at 500 g/ton. Data on fertility traits (egg volume, length and breadth, weight, yolk diameter, albumen height, air cell, shell thickness, Haugh’s unit, and egg-lay), and egg production (feed intake, egg lay, egg lay efficiency, and feed cost per egg laid) were collected for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, three randomly selected birds per group were euthanized, and their oviducts were harvested and processed for histopathology. Hens fed enzyme supplemented diets had significantly (p < 0.05) better egg fertility traits. Feed intake in the control group did not vary (p > 0.05)from feed intake in the DS or FS group. However, feed cost per egg laid and egg-lay efficiency was higher in the control diet group than in the FS group or DS diet group. No pathologies were observed in the oviduct of birds fed enzymes supplemented or control diet. Exogenous enzymes in diet improved egg fertility traits and production without altering the oviduct micro-structure of Layer hens.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"50 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75676537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Evaluation of Crude Ethanol Extract of Waltheria Indica Linn. Root In Male Wistar Rats","authors":"A. Basiru","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0131","url":null,"abstract":"Safety evaluation of Waltheria indica Linn. root was carried out in Wistar rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=5); A–D. Group A served as control group while groups B, C and D were administered with 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg of crude ethanol extract of Waltheria indica Linn. root. After 28 days of administration, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected and serum prepared. Haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as serum electrolyte were determined according to standard procedures. The 200 mg/Kg of Waltheria indica Linn. root caused the highest percentage increase in body weight. The kidney was also significantly increased at 400 mg/kg. The total WBC and lymphocytes counts were significantly increased at 400 mg/kg. The serum levels of ALT and chloride were significantly increased at 800 mg/kg. Waltheria indica Linn. root also caused hepatic necrosis and renal tubular degeneration in Wistar rats. Therefore, Waltheria indica Linn. root should be used with caution especially at higher dose despite its therapeutic potentials.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80278003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sub-acute Oral Administration of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus on Haematology and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats.","authors":"G. M. Oladele","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0211","url":null,"abstract":"Byrsocarpus coccineus is an indigenous herb widely dispersed in tropical Africa and commonly known as Crimson thyme. The leaf and root of the plant is noted to possess medicinal benefits in traditional medicine of the Western part of Nigeria. The plant has been reported to possess analgesic, antiplasmodial, inflammatory, antidiarrhic and antipyretic activities. The present study was therefore aimed at determining the sub-acute toxicity of ethanolic leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus. The ethanolic leaf extract of the plant was administered orally at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg to three groups A, B and C of Wistar rats respectively for 14 days while the control group D was administered orally with 3ml/kg of distilled water. Blood samples were then obtained from the anaesthetized rats for haematology and serum biochemistry. The result obtained from serum analyses showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels while the increase in alkaline phosphatase is not significant for the treated groups B and C compared with the control. It was therefore concluded that high doses of the extract may have untoward effects on the kidney and therefore, the use of the plant extract in high doses should be discouraged.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81056546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Medetomidine-Diazepam-Ketamine and Medetomidine-Ketamine Anaesthesia in Dogs","authors":"A. Zaifada","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0231","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to compare the anaesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine-diazepam-ketamine (MDK) with medetomidine-ketamine (DK) induced anaesthesia in dogs.Ten (10) apparently healthy local dogs comprising of 5 females and 5 males with Mean ± SD body weight of 20.40±2.93kg randomly allocated into two groups A (n=5), B (n=5) were used for this study. Dogs in group A were premedicated with an intravenous injection of 0.005mg/kg medetomidine, followed by an intravenous injection of 0.25mg/kg diazepam and 4mg/kg ketamine combination 3-5 minutes later. Meanwhile group B were given an intravenous injection of medetomidine (0.005 mg/kg) and ketamine (5mg/kg) combination. Anaesthetic indices and degree of analgesia(assessed by positive response of a dog to haemostatic pressure and defined as gross purposeful movement of head and/limb withdrawal which indicates perception of pain) were recorded while cardiopulmonary parameters were measured before anaesthesia and at five (5) minutes interval throughout anaesthesia. There was 100% negative pain perception in dogs in the group administered with MDK while 70% negative pain perception was recorded in dogs in the group administered with MK. The MDK group showed longest duration of anaesthesia (32.00 ± 1.1 minutes) and shortest time to standing (2.40 ± 1.5 minutes) compared with the MKgroup (6.80 ± 2.7 minutes). Although, both groups did not show significant decrease (P>0.05) in heart and respiratory rates. The MK group showed more cardiopulmonary effects. It was concluded that protocol of MDK provided better and longer anaesthesia/analgesia compared with MKin dogs, with minimal effects on vital body parameters, for extended surgical interventions.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88363675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}