Deusto Estudios Cooperativos最新文献

{"title":"Presentation of the monograph Cooperatives in Finland","authors":"Sami Karhu","doi":"10.18543/dec.2882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18543/dec.2882","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":173828,"journal":{"name":"Deusto Estudios Cooperativos","volume":"651 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140482993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cooperative Sector in the Nordic Countries: The Finnish Example","authors":"Peter Herrmann, Juhani Laurinkari","doi":"10.18543/dec.2890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18543/dec.2890","url":null,"abstract":"While the cooperative idea can be seen as universal, the concrete features are still highly characterised by national traditions and the general socio-political settings. Reflecting this, the contribution investigates the situation in Finland. These observations are closely interwoven with theoretical reflections around the question if cooperatives and the cooperative sector can be considered as germs or an alternative socio-economic development, overcoming the profit-obsessed, unsustainable capitalist system.Received: 28 April 2023 Accepted: 19 July 2023","PeriodicalId":173828,"journal":{"name":"Deusto Estudios Cooperativos","volume":"304 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140483478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutionalizing Co-operative Education in Universities - the Case of the Co-op Network Studies Program in Finland","authors":"Pekka Hytinkoski, T. Klén, Taneli Vaskelainen","doi":"10.18543/dec.2885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18543/dec.2885","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we study the understudied topic of the institutionalization of co-operative education with an illustrative case study of Co-op network studies (CNS) program – a Finnish university network providing a curriculum on co-operative studies. We cover the network´s history, curriculum, structure, funding, and factors motivating student participation and finally discuss how CNS has succeeded in its mission: to establish co-operative education in the curricula of different Finnish universities. The results are two-fold. On the one hand, the network has successfully operated for almost 20 years, provided 16.000 credit points, and worked as an important mutual learning hub for scholars providing teaching on co-operatives. On the other hand, CNS has not managed to institutionalize cooperative education in university curriculum outside of the studies provided in the network as has been its goal, and thus, the continuity of the network is vital. We deduce that the low level of institutionalization can probably be attributed to poor coverage of co-operatives in university level education in general and in university structures that does not favor network studies.Received: 28 April 2023Accepted: 02 October 2023","PeriodicalId":173828,"journal":{"name":"Deusto Estudios Cooperativos","volume":"433 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Swimming Against the Current” of Demutualizations in the 1990s and 2000s: The Case of the Private Statutory Pension Insurance Sector in Finland","authors":"Antti Talonen, Jukka Mähönen","doi":"10.18543/dec.2889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18543/dec.2889","url":null,"abstract":"The global insurance industry of the 1990s and 2000s witnessed a significant wave of demutualizations often regarded as a world-wide phenomenon. In this article, we describe the case of the Finnish private statutory pension insurance sector and the reasons why it eventually “swam against the current” by explicitly deciding to emphasize mutuals —that still today account for 96% of the particular sector in Finland and has ensured that the almost 150 billion euros of pension assets has stayed in control and in use of the Finnish people, organizations and entrepreneurs. As an empirical dataset, we analyze two interviews of high-level experts who participated in the working group drafting the guidelines for the Finnish Act on Pension Insurance Companies.Received: 28 April 2023 Accepted: 20 December 2023","PeriodicalId":173828,"journal":{"name":"Deusto Estudios Cooperativos","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140481544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative Dispute Resolution in Finland","authors":"Alexander Gurkov","doi":"10.18543/dec.2888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18543/dec.2888","url":null,"abstract":"Like other organisations, cooperatives encounter internal disputes in their lifecycle. The article examines the mechanisms available for cooperatives to resolve internal conflicts in the context of Finnish legislation and court practice. While the share of cooperatives is significant in Finland’s economy, the legal literature on cooperative dispute resolution is sparse. The article focuses on the Cooperative Act of 2013 dispute resolution provisions. The article traces the historical development of cooperative dispute resolution provisions in Finnish legislation and scrutinises how cooperative bylaws handle dispute resolution. While the 2013 Cooperative Act expanded the use of arbitration for resolving cooperative disputes, there remains a gap in understanding the practical implications due to the shortage of reported cases. The study reveals the emphasis the Cooperative Act puts on resolving cooperative disputes in arbitration and the preference for arbitration by cooperatives with a substantial market share.Received: 28 April 2023 Accepted: 10 December 2023","PeriodicalId":173828,"journal":{"name":"Deusto Estudios Cooperativos","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140480397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Consumer Co-operative Movement in Finland and Lessons We Can Learn from It","authors":"Anu Puusa, Sami Karhu","doi":"10.18543/dec.2886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18543/dec.2886","url":null,"abstract":"Finland has a strong consumer co-operative movement with a market share of approximately 46 percent of daily goods. The co-operatives’ road to success in Finland has not been a straightforward process. In this article we describe the history of the Finnish SOK retail co-operative and pose the question of what we can learn from the retail co-operatives’ experiences. Historical research strives to demonstrate the way things used to be: What happened, why it happened, and what the consequences were. It searches for explanations using cause and effect. The economic research undertaken by business science aims to find ways for financial organisations and entrepreneurs to be successful. This article combines these perspectives. The source of this article is the research literature. The early 20th century in many ways proved to be a golden age for Finnish co-operatives. After the Second World War, in the 1950s and particularly in the 1960s, the general development of Finnish society clearly accelerated, and the consumer co-operative movement was unable to keep up with the pace of this development. After a severe crisis, a new rise began. What can we learn from this? In this article, we highlight several development trajectories and finally summarize them into ten main points. The list can be summarised as follows: internalize and stay true to the co-operative purpose and aims, manage the model accordingly, find a balance between the business and member community aspects of the model – the two different but complementary roles and remain current and future-oriented. Historically, poor success has been the result of doing the opposite: having too many side interests, forgetting or ignoring the co-operative identity, and romanticising the past.Received: 28 April 2023Accepted: 01 August 2023","PeriodicalId":173828,"journal":{"name":"Deusto Estudios Cooperativos","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140480393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echoes of Co-operatives from the North —the Breakthrough of the Finnish Cooperative Movement—","authors":"Anu Puusa, Sami Karhu","doi":"10.18543/dec.2884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18543/dec.2884","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the breakthrough of the Finnish cooperative movement as part of the larger societal upheaval of the early 20th century. While the breakthrough of the movement may have come late in Finland, it has left an indelible imprint on Finnish society. The DNA of the Finnish cooperative movement has a hefty dose of international genes, particularly from the UK, Germany, Ireland and Denmark, which was adapted to the Finnish reality. This article discusses what led to the international business model innovation gaining a foothold in a remote and sparsely populated northern country relying predominantly on agricultural production, and what the ramifications of this development were. In this theoretical article, we have used an explanatory historical research method in order to understand what has happened, why it happened and what resulted from it. From the European perspective, Finland was a remote, cold forested land, slow to embrace agricultural and industrial progress. Moreover, delayed land reforms increased social pressures. While the basic motives behind the cooperative movement were economic and social, the actualisation of the movement was triggered by Finland’s relationship with the Russian central power reaching a crisis point. The spread of the cooperative movement cannot be explained solely on the social and political pull factor. It also required a strong figurehead and a group of committed people taking an active initiative serving as a catalyst to direct the change. The past number of decades have demonstrated the practical power of the ideology as Finnish co-operative enterprises have managed to create a credible alternative to other types of business, create healthy competition and provide benefits and services for their members. Cooperatives have been characterized to have a dual nature, which means that although cooperatives have competitive and profitable business operations, simultaneously they have social aims and they have also achieved wider social change. The co-operative movement, which came into existence more than a century ago in Finland, has had a significant impact on the development of Finnish society by pioneering equality and democracy, two values that have since then been universally adopted. Today, in relative terms, Finland is probably the most co-operative country in the world.Received: 28 April 2023 Accepted: 05 October 2023","PeriodicalId":173828,"journal":{"name":"Deusto Estudios Cooperativos","volume":"51 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140481723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the Supervisory Board in Finnish Cooperatives","authors":"Kari Huhtala","doi":"10.18543/dec.2887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18543/dec.2887","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the supervisory boards of cooperatives has been scarce considering their prevalence, especially in continental Europe. The supervisory board is a voluntary body under Finnish conditions and consists exclusively of members’ representatives. According to the cooperative law, the task of the supervisory board is to supervise the board and management. Based on the results of this article, the role of the supervisory board is changing in a more dynamic direction, which includes sparring with the board, taking care of the ownership strategy and developing interaction with the membership. Hence, it would fulfill not only the conformance role of the governance towards the membership but support the performance role of the board. This new role would require re-assessment of the selection criteria for the members of the supervisory board, not merely from a representational perspective, but also from the perspective of competence adequacy. The supervisory board and its chairperson are significant users of the power based on their formal position in preparing and electing directors. They also use the informal power in interaction with the board and its chairperson.Received: 28 April 2023 Accepted: 07 October 2023","PeriodicalId":173828,"journal":{"name":"Deusto Estudios Cooperativos","volume":"345 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural Cooperation and the Finnish Society. Past, Present and Future","authors":"Tapani Köppä","doi":"10.18543/dec.2883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18543/dec.2883","url":null,"abstract":"This essay deals with the importance of human cooperation for the development of societies and economies. The rural history of Finland offers rich material about the topic, including forms and applications of cooperation in economy and community life as well as the role of cooperetion in the development of social institutions and fulfilling political goals. Historical continuum covers here 900 years, including Finland as part of Sweden (~1100-1808), as an autonomous Grand Duchy of Russian empire (1809-1917) and as an indpendent republic of Finland (1917-). The author aims to provoke discussion about the social political importance of cooperation in general as win-win model recognising collective interests of people and balancing dominant individualistic view of man behind the rationality of mainstream competition economy. Long historical evidence of cooperative survival calls e.g. for continuing theoretical works like Nobelist Elinor Ostrom´s path-breaking analyses of the Commons and to give deeper time perspective for comparative research interests around recent topics, like the role of social economy in different countries. Relationships between cooperation and society can be recognised during history in changes of socio-political power relationships, applying of new technologies and re-organising community activities and economic exchange. An example with far-reching comsequences of these components in Finland was the period around the turn of 18th and 19th centuries. Market economy was replacing local subsistence economy, leaving traditional local means of livelihood in troubles. Rural poverty was critical social question needing measures to introduce new agricultural technologies and empowering poor peasants to self-help and extension organisations. Need to find access to larger markets for food and timber, including exporting, was also extremely important. Awareness of new European models of rural and agricultural cooperatives came into this context through influential pioneers, like Hannes Gebhard. After founding of Pellervo Society as central organisation of cooperation, the adoption and dissemination of cooperatives went on rapidly as an important component of Finnish small farm favouring agricultural policy. Talkoot is an essential element of the Finnish rural cooperation. Initially talkoot has been applied in rural communities as voluntary and mutual exchange of work and equipment. This could respond to everyday needs, but has also been applied for the sake of solidarity, to help disadvantaged members of the community. Talkoot-practices were exploited also by authorities, obligating subjects collectively to cooperate for certain common responsibilities. As an example of talkoot potential of Finns in exceptional circumstances was the organising of voluntary acts in home front during the wars 1939 and 1941-45.Received: 28 April 2023 Accepted: 11 July 2023","PeriodicalId":173828,"journal":{"name":"Deusto Estudios Cooperativos","volume":"94 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140480474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presentación del monográfico El desarrollo del cooperativismo en Uruguay","authors":"Sergio Reyes Lavega","doi":"10.18543/dec.2669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18543/dec.2669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":173828,"journal":{"name":"Deusto Estudios Cooperativos","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117072545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}