Journal of the Endocrine Society最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Surreptitious Glucocorticoids in Over-the-Counter Arthritis Supplements.","authors":"Kevin S Wei, Miguel O De La Torre, Antonio Flores, Christine E Chiu, Carolina R Hurtado, Trevor E Angell","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae227","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jendso/bvae227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adrenal dysfunction due to over-the-counter (OTC) health supplements containing unlabeled glucocorticoids has been previously reported. Here, we present a case series of 12 patients at an urban safety net medical center evaluated by endocrinology for iatrogenic adrenal dysfunction, Cushing syndrome (CS) and/or adrenal insufficiency (AI), associated with use of OTC arthritis supplements surreptitiously containing glucocorticoids. There were 12 patients using OTC arthritis supplements (Artri King [n = 8], Ardosons [n = 3], Ajo Rey [n = 1]) included. The mean age was 51.6 years and 33.3% were female. Findings of CS were identified in 10/12 (83.3%) patients, including moon facies (66%), central adiposity (66%), and abdominal striae (50%). Symptoms of AI were identified in 8/12 (66.7%) patients, including nausea/vomiting (42%), fatigue (42%), and abdominal pain (33%). Of 10/12 (83.3%) patients initially needing glucocorticoid replacement therapy, 4 continue to require treatment, 3 have successfully discontinued treatment, and 3 have been lost to follow-up. The literature reviewed identified 10 cases in 7 previously published reports, which did not include consistent follow-up data on adrenal function after discontinuation of the supplement. This case series demonstrates possible presentations of CS and/or AI from glucocorticoid exposure in patients taking these OTC arthritis supplements. Including more cases than all previously published reports combined, this series expands data for cortisol levels, cosyntropin test results, and glucocorticoid replacement needs for these patients and highlights the necessity for vigilant identification of supplement sources of exogenous steroids and the recognition of possible AI when such supplements are discontinued.</p>","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"9 2","pages":"bvae227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11711477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: \"Ultrasound Features and Performance of Afirma Gene Sequencing Classifier in Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae216","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jendso/bvae216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae010.].</p>","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"bvae216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11654547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudo-endocrine Disorders: Recognition, Management, and Action.","authors":"Michael T McDermott","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae226","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jendso/bvae226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Pseudo-endocrine disorders\" refer to proposed conditions that have never been scientifically proven to exist but, due to widespread misinformation available on the internet and other media, are relatively commonly diagnosed and treated with equally unproven and sometimes dangerous treatments. Adrenal fatigue is a nonexistent condition that supposedly results from adrenal exhaustion and atrophy due to chronic stress and has been promoted as a potential explanation for a variety of symptoms. Testing consists of nonvalidated online surveys and salivary cortisol profiles while treatment is not evidence-based at best and can be dangerous. Wilson's syndrome and reverse T3 syndrome are also nonexistent conditions that supposedly result from impaired T4 to T3 conversion and competition of excess reverse T3 with T3 for T3 receptors. Testing involves measurement of axillary temperature and treatment consists of T3 therapy, often at very high and dangerous doses. Hypogonadism (\"low T\") is frequently diagnosed in \"men's health\" clinics and other venues without actual hormone testing or further evaluation and is often treated with supraphysiologic testosterone therapy that suppresses endogenous gonadal testosterone and sperm production, leads to a lifelong need for testosterone therapy, and may have numerous other harmful effects. Low-dose naltrexone (LDN) therapy has been proposed as a treatment for multiple disorders including autoimmune conditions and other disorders resulting from aberrant immune mechanisms, but there is no valid evidence that LDN has any benefits. Management of patients with pseudo-endocrine disorders must involve careful listening, patient education, healthy lifestyle measures, and honesty, encouragement, and compassion.</p>","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"bvae226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11694709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypes Associated With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Risk Variants.","authors":"Anna Tidwell, Jia Zhu, Tess Battiola, Corrine K Welt","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae219","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jendso/bvae219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 10% of women of reproductive age. The genetic architecture of the disease is emerging, but there is little data exploring the effect of genetic risk on clinical presentation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We hypothesized that genetic risk loci would influence measurable phenotypic traits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study, conducted at an academic medical center, included women of European ancestry with PCOS (n = 404), as diagnosed by the National Institutes of Health criteria, and controls with regular menses and no hyperandrogenism (n = 408). We identified association between genetic risk variants and measured phenotypic traits using linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a combined analysis of cases and controls, 2 variants in loci containing the genes <i>PRSS23</i> (<i>P</i> < .001) and <i>FSHB</i> (<i>P</i> < .001) were associated with gonadotropin levels. Two variants in loci containing <i>NEIL2/GATA4</i> (<i>P</i> = .002) and <i>CYP3</i> (<i>P</i> < .001) were associated with androgen levels. Three variants in loci containing <i>SHBG</i> (<i>P</i> = .001), <i>ZBTB16</i> (<i>P</i> < .001), and <i>CYP3</i> (<i>P</i> < .001) were associated with ovarian morphology. One variant in the locus containing <i>FTO</i> (<i>P</i> = .001) was associated with hip circumference and was influenced by body mass index.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results demonstrate that PCOS genetic risk variants may influence hormone levels and ovarian morphology and increase the risk of obesity. Increased genetic risk for PCOS appears to drive traits that underly the classical clinical presentation of PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"bvae219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follow-Up Estradiol Levels Based on Regimen Formulation With Guideline-Concordant Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.","authors":"Scott M Carlson, Courtney Dominguez, Athavi Jeevananthan, Matthew J Crowley","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae205","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jendso/bvae205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Endocrine Society guidelines for dosing of feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) have remained essentially unchanged since 2009. The Endocrine Society recommends periodic monitoring of serum estradiol levels, with the goal of maintaining levels in the premenopausal cisgender female range (100-200 pg/mL). However, it is not clear whether guideline-concordant dosing consistently produces guideline-recommended levels across common estradiol formulation types (oral pills, parenteral injections, transdermal patches).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>All transgender and nonbinary patients receiving estradiol-based GAHT between October 2015 and March 2023 were reviewed at a single center, with the goal of determining the frequency with which guideline-concordant dosing with different estradiol formulations led to guideline-recommended estradiol levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographics, GAHT regimen, and estradiol levels were obtained via chart review, and data were analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analytic population included n = 35 individuals, including n = 9 prescribed oral estradiol pills, n = 11 prescribed parenteral injections, and n = 15 prescribed transdermal patches. With guideline-concordant doses of oral estradiol (mean 2.8 mg daily), the mean follow-up level was 168 pg/mL; 32% of follow-up levels were subtherapeutic and 14% were supratherapeutic. With guideline-concordant doses of parenteral estradiol (mean 5.8 mg weekly), the mean midpoint follow-up level was 342 pg/mL; 91% of midpoint follow-up levels were supratherapeutic. With guideline-concordant doses of transdermal estradiol (mean 0.09 mg/day), the mean follow-up level was 81.5 pg/mL; 70% of follow-up levels were subtherapeutic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supratherapeutic follow-up estradiol levels were common with guideline-concordant parenteral estradiol doses, as were subtherapeutic follow-up levels with guideline-concordant transdermal doses. These findings may suggest the need for revision of guideline-recommended estradiol doses for these formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"9 3","pages":"bvae205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to Editor From Ishaq MU et al: \"Semaglutide Concurrently Improves Vascular and Liver Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Fatty Liver Disease\".","authors":"Muhammad Umer Ishaq, Noor Fatima, Rida Sharif, Warda Awais","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae217","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jendso/bvae217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"bvae217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Female Sex and Mild Cortisol Secretion on Coagulation Profile in Adrenal Incidentalomas.","authors":"Ilaria Bonaventura, Marianna Minnetti, Davide Ferrari, Valeria Hasenmajer, Alessandra Tomaselli, Dario De Alcubierre, Andrea Lenzi, Riccardo Pofi, Andrea M Isidori","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae215","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jendso/bvae215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Studies describing the coagulation profile in adrenal adenomas still need to be added.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We explored how sex and mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) affect coagulation parameters in patients with adrenal adenomas.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January 2019 until April 2023, participants in the Impact of Adrenal IncidenTalomas and Possible Autonomous Cortisol Secretion on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Alterations trial (NCT04127552) diagnosed with adrenal adenoma were categorised according to the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone-suppression test (1 mg-DST). Coagulation parameters were evaluated, and two-way ANOVA was used to elucidate the cortisol-by-sex interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 153 patients screened, 90 were enrolled (62.2% female, mean age 62 ± 10 years): 41 with non-functioning adrenal tumour (1 mg-DST ≤ 1.8 µg/dL), and 49 with a MACS (1 mg-DST > 1.8 µg/dL). Platelet counts were higher in the MACS group (<i>P</i> = .01). Regression analysis identified female sex (B = 36.603, <i>P</i> = .011), 1mg-DST (B = 0.238, <i>P</i> = .042), and younger age (B = -1.452, <i>P</i> = .038) as independent predictors for elevated platelet count. In patients with MACS, women exhibited higher levels of procoagulant factors fibrinogen (<i>P</i> = .004) and factor VIII (<i>P</i> < .001), and coagulation inhibitors protein C (<i>P</i> = .003) and antithrombin III (<i>P</i> = .005) than males. No differences were observed in the non-functioning adrenal tumour group, providing a cortisol-by-sex interaction regarding fibrinogen (<i>P</i> = .047), factor VIII (<i>P</i> = .046), and protein C (<i>P</i> = .028).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed a worse coagulation profile in women with MACS, underscoring the need for a sex-specific approach in clinical practice to manage thrombotic risks effectively. Dedicated prospective studies are needed to validate and integrate these findings into clinical strategies for thromboprophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"bvae215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation Test and Autoantibody in 952 Subjects with Subclinical Hypothyroidism.","authors":"Myung Hi Yoo, Hye Jeong Kim, Suyeon Park, Sang Joon Park, Hyeong Kyu Park, Dong Won Byun, Kyoil Suh","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae212","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jendso/bvae212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and normal free thyroxine (fT4) levels. In upper normal TSH levels, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test proved to be useful in identifying an exaggerated TSH response.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the incidence and predictive ability of basal TSH, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) for exaggerated TRH stimulation test in SCH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 952 subjects with SCH (TSH 4.01-10.00 mIU/L) found during health checkups were evaluated for TSH response to TRH stimulation testing and autoantibodies. Exaggerated TSH response was defined as ΔTSH (peak serum TSH level after TRH injection minus basal TSH level) of > 25.00 mIU/L.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of exaggerated TSH responses in SCH was 66% (n = 633). The proportion of exaggerated TSH response tended to increase as basal TSH levels increased (<i>P</i> for trend <.001). Also, the proportion of positive TPOAb or TgAb tended to increase as basal TSH levels increased (<i>P</i> for trend <.05). Analysis of predictive ability of basal TSH, positive TPOAb, or TgAb for exaggerated TRH stimulation test revealed that positive TPOAb or TgAb showed high specificity (> 90%) for positive TRH stimulation test but low sensitivity. Basal TSH showed low sensitivity and specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two-thirds of SCH showed exaggerated TRH stimulation test. Positive TPOAb or TgAb showed high specificity (> 90%) for positive TRH stimulation test but basal serum TSH levels showed low predictability. The TRH stimulation test may be a valuable guide to identify SCH patients with hypothyroid state.</p>","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"bvae212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11694683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroendocrine and Developmental Impacts of Early Life Exposure to EDCs.","authors":"Madeline Streifer, Lindsay M Thompson, Skylar A Mendez, Andrea C Gore","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae195","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jendso/bvae195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pose a global challenge to environmental and human health. Although toxic and carcinogenic at higher exposure levels, at lower concentrations they can act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Individuals are more vulnerable to endocrine-disrupting effects of PCB exposures during the perinatal period, when the neuroendocrine system is developing, although assessing the full impact of PCB exposure is difficult because of the often-latent onset of adverse effects. The goal of this study was to determine developmental effects of an estrogenic PCB mixture, Aroclor 1221 (A1221), on KNDy and kisspeptin neuron numbers in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), together with measures of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormones and postnatal development. We conducted RNAscope of kisspeptin, prodynorphin, neurokinin B, and estrogen receptor alpha genes in the P30 hypothalamus. Early-life PCBs caused small but significant changes in development (body weight and anogenital index) but had no effect on puberty. We found sex-specific effects of treatment on serum LH, FSH, and estradiol in a sex- and developmental age-dependent manner. RNAscope results revealed increased prodynorphin in the AVPV of male rats, but no effects on kisspeptin or neurokinin B in AVPV or arcuate nucleus. An unexpected species difference was found: we were unable to detect prodynorphin coexpression with kisspeptin within KNDy neurons in rats, unlike mice, sheep, and primates. These data show that early-life PCBs can induce developmental and hormonal changes that together with other reports showing latent effects on behavior and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, indicate adverse endocrine and neurobehavioral outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"bvae195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11631349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Have Favorable Pregnancy Outcomes but Prolonged Time to Conceive.","authors":"Matthias K Auer, Clara E Minea, Marcus Quinkler, Irina Bancos, Felix Beuschlein, Gesine Meyer, Christian Lottspeich, Martin Bidlingmaier, Eva Rieger, Hanna F Nowotny, Lea Tschaidse, Henrik Falhammar, Rosario Pivonello, Chiara Simeoli, Nicole Reisch","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae211","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jendso/bvae211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study pregnancy outcomes and complications in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective multicenter study was conducted at tertiary reference centers in 5 countries (Austria, Germany, Italy, Sweden, USA), including 72 adult women with CAH (nonclassic [NC] n = 34, simple virilizing [SV] n = 21, salt wasting [SW] n = 17).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133 pregnancies, 112 live births, and 25 abortions were documented. Prolonged latency to pregnancy was observed (median 11 months in SW, 24 months in SV, 8 months in NC), with a notable use of fertility-enhancing medication (25.6%) and assisted reproductive techniques (30.8%). Over half of the women in each group took more than 12 months to conceive. The average number of live births (1.4-1.6 children per woman) was similar across CAH phenotypes and comparable to the general population. Spontaneous abortion rates (18.0%) were also similar across phenotypes. Primary cesarean section rates (60.9%) were higher than in the general population, though 23.8% of women with SV and 29.4% of women with SW gave birth naturally, despite most having undergone genital surgery. Children categorized as small for gestational age were 20.5%. Pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum complications were rare for mothers and neonates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study indicates a prolonged latency to pregnancy and high use of fertility treatments in CAH patients, regardless of phenotype. Abortion rates were not increased, and overall pregnancy and perinatal outcomes were favorable.</p>","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"bvae211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}