Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute最新文献

{"title":"Clinical implementation of a multifaceted quality assurance phantom for high-precision radiation therapy: an institutional experience.","authors":"Sandeep Singh, Abhay Kumar Singh, Dipesh, Manindra Bhushan, Supratik Sen, Mahipal, Raj Pal Singh, Anuj Vijay, Munish Gairola","doi":"10.1186/s43046-025-00314-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43046-025-00314-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the multifaceted clinical utility of the RUBY phantom as a comprehensive quality assurance (QA) platform in high-precision radiotherapy, particularly for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). The objective was to validate its performance in patient positioning, imaging system accuracy, isocenter congruency, and treatment plan verification across various complex clinical scenarios.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A series of QA workflows were conducted using the RUBY phantom and its dedicated modular inserts. These included CBCT and MV/kV planar imaging for patient alignment, the Winston-Lutz insert for isocenter verification, end-to-end testing for full-chain validation, and multi-metastasis and patient-specific inserts for point dose verification. Plans were created in Eclipse TPS (v15.6) and delivered using a Varian TrueBeam STx linear accelerator with high-definition MLC. PTW Semiflex 3D and PinPoint 3D ionization chambers were used for all dosimetric verifications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CBCT- and planar image-guided alignments showed sub-millimetric deviations, with post-correction alignment verified through coincident laser and surface markers. Winston-Lutz testing across various angles demonstrated maximal deviations of ≤ 0.4 mm, which was within TG-142 recommendations. Point dose measurements for 61 SRS plans showed agreement within ± 3% of TPS calculations. End-to-end testing revealed dose discrepancies of < 1% in both coplanar and non-coplanar beam arrangements. Multi-target plans using single- and multi-isocenter approaches showed deviations of - 0.23% to - 0.50%, confirming excellent dosimetric and geometric accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The RUBY phantom demonstrated exceptional precision, reproducibility, and clinical adaptability across a spectrum of advanced radiotherapy QA tasks. Its integration enables the end-to-end validation of modern treatment protocols, ensuring alignment, imaging, and accuracy of dose delivery. These findings establish the RUBY phantom as a cornerstone QA solution for enhancing safety, efficacy, and reliability in high-precision radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17301,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","volume":"37 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nested PCR detection of JC polyomavirus large T-antigen in prostate cancer tissues: a case-control analysis in a Sudanese population.","authors":"Maria Ahmed Mohamed Higair, Babbiker Mohammed Taher Gorish, Sana Eltahir Abdallah","doi":"10.1186/s43046-025-00313-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43046-025-00313-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The potential involvement of JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) in prostate cancer (PCa) remains a subject of debate, as existing in vitro studies have produced conflicting results. Understanding the viral oncogenic mechanisms underlying prostate cancer could offer valuable insights into its etiology. This study aimed to explore the association between JCPyV infection and prostate cancer by detecting the viral large T-antigen gene in prostate tissue specimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted from February 2022 to March 2023, including 100 participants: 50 diagnosed with prostate cancer (cases) and 50 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as controls. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate tissue samples were collected from all participants. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect JCPyV large T-antigen DNA using specific primers. Demographic and clinical data were obtained via a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20, and associations between JCPyV presence and prostate cancer were analyzed using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the prostate cancer group was 67.5 ± 10.9 years, compared to 70.9 ± 8.9 years in the control group. JCPyV large T-antigen DNA was detected in 29 out of 50 (58%) prostate cancer cases, compared to 19 out of 50 (38%) controls (P = 0.045; odds ratio = 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.011 to 5.019). Within the prostate cancer group, patients testing positive for the JCPyV T-antigen had a mean age of 73.3 ± 8.7 years, significantly higher than T-antigen-negative patients, whose mean age was 67.0 ± 8.3 years (P = 0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of JCPyV large T-antigen gene was significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than in individuals with benign prostatic hyperplasia. These findings suggest that JCPyV infection may be linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer, reinforcing prior studies that imply a potential oncogenic role for the virus in prostate carcinogenesis. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving this association and its potential clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17301,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","volume":"37 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of scorpion venom to mitigate colorectal cancer biomarkers in rats.","authors":"Wesam M Salama, Sara O Radwan, Elsayed I Salim","doi":"10.1186/s43046-025-00311-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43046-025-00311-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The limitations of conventional therapies, namely severe side effects and the emergence of drug resistance, underscore the urgent need for novel and more effective treatment strategies. Natural products, including bioactive compounds derived from scorpion venom (SV), have demonstrated promising anticancer properties in various studies. This study aimed to investigate the potential chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of Leiurus quinquestriatus venom (LQV) and Androctonus bicolor venom (ABV) against chemically induced CRC in a rat model. Male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1 (Gp1) (control), Gp2 (CRC induced using 40 mg/kg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), administered subcutaneously for 4 weeks), and Gp3 and 4 (DMH-induced CRC treated intraperitoneally with 0.025 mg/kg LQV and 0.05 mg/kg ABV, respectively, for 11 weeks). At the end of the experimental period, colon tissues were collected for histopathological examination, tumor biomarker analysis, gene expression profiling, cell cycle distribution, and apoptotic assays. Both LQV and ABV significantly reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) while enhancing the number of goblet cells in colonic mucosa. Treatment also resulted in a marked downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 and upregulation of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed an increase in late apoptotic cells and cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 and G0 phases in venom-treated groups. These findings suggest that LQV and ABV possess notable anti-CRC activity through modulation of proliferation, apoptosis, and gene regulation, highlighting their potential as candidates for alternative CRC therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17301,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","volume":"37 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of tislelizumab in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Eric Ricardo Yonatan, Surya Sinaga Immanuel, Erlangga Saputra Arifin, Louis Fabio Jonathan Jusni, Riki Tenggara, Mario Steffanus, Delia Anastasia Tirtadjaja","doi":"10.1186/s43046-025-00315-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43046-025-00315-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tislelizumab, a PD-1-targeting monoclonal antibody, can potentially treat advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Using pooled clinical data, this study evaluates Tislelizumab's efficacy and safety in advanced ESCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review followed PRISMA guidelines, with a comprehensive search conducted across PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar for clinical trials involving ESCC patients treated with Tislelizumab. Primary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs). We evaluated the study quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias and ROBINS-I tools. Data extraction and pooling were performed using R for single-arm studies and RevMan 5.4 for RCTs. Outcomes were analyzed using pooled medians, hazard ratios for OS and PFS, and relative risks for ORR, DCR, and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four studies with 1,202 patients met inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was low to moderate. Pooled data indicate a median OS of 8.6 months and PFS of 4.75 months in the Tislelizumab group, with an overall ORR of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.20-0.61) and DCR of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.36-0.88). Tislelizumab significantly improved OS (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.59-0.78, p < 0.0001), PFS (HR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54-0.93, p = 0.01), ORR (RR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.22-2.24, p = 0.001), and DCR (RR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.18, p = 0.001) compared to standard chemotherapy. Pooled rates of grade 3 or more AEs and serious AEs were 0.56 (95% CI: 0.17-0.92) and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.10-0.50), respectively. There were no significant differences in grade 3 and serious AEs between Tislelizumab and standard chemotherapy. The most common AEs reported included hematologic toxicities, gastrointestinal issues, metabolic disturbances, and biochemical abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tislelizumab improves survival and response in advanced ESCC patients, particularly when combined with chemotherapy, with an acceptable safety profile. These findings support its continued use in ESCC, though further investigation is warranted due to the limited number of studies.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>CRD42024564367.</p>","PeriodicalId":17301,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","volume":"37 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inducer microRNAs in the glioma development: a concise review of mechanisms and insights into targeted therapy.","authors":"Mahya Pourrahimi, Marjan Hesari, Hannaneh Houshmandpour, Omid Mirzaee, Hamed Fouladseresht, Ensiye Torki, Hosein Kouchaki, Reza Tabrizi, Abdolmajid Ghasemian, Silvia Barbaresi","doi":"10.1186/s43046-025-00308-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43046-025-00308-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gliomas represent predominant and fatal central nervous system (CNS) cancers lacking a gold standard of treatment, which need accurate prognosis, diagnosis, and intervention. Glioma accurate therapy using common traditional approaches such as surgical treatment, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy results insufficient mainly due to side effects, recurrence, and resistance. Scientific and medical challenges can be decreased considering novel therapeutic targets. The multiple and diverse role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cellular processes has been demonstrated. The appreciation of miRNAs regulatory roles in cancer cell proliferation or growth inhibition opens new perspectives in the development of novel strategies targeting cancers. Six inducers (miRNAs) including miR-363-3P, miR720, miR-484, miR-890, miR-496, and miR-939-5p can develop into glioma cells with the potential of therapeutic targets. Therefore, the tracking of glioma stage and response to anticancer therapy is associated with various miRNAs. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the role of miRNAs in glioma cancer development.</p>","PeriodicalId":17301,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","volume":"37 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the efficacy of tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors among breast cancer patients at Kenyatta National Hospital.","authors":"Henry Gachoki Macharia, Amsalu Degu","doi":"10.1186/s43046-025-00309-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43046-025-00309-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aromatase inhibitors have demonstrated superior outcomes compared to tamoxifen in various studies. However, research in Africa, including Kenya, where breast cancer mortality rates are disproportionately high, is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to assess the comparative efficacy of tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors among hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients at Kenyatta National Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Oncology Department of Kenyatta National Hospital, involving all eligible hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated in the facility between 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2022. The study was hospital-based and used a data abstraction tool to collect data from the patients' medical records. The data obtained was then analyzed using SPSS version 25 and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the median survival time. Cox regression analysis was employed to determine whether there was a significant association between the variables. The collected data was presented in the form of frequency tables and graphs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, aromatase inhibitors consistently demonstrated superior outcomes compared to tamoxifen across various parameters. Specifically, aromatase inhibitors showed a lower incidence of disease progression (24% vs. 29.7%), a higher rate of complete radiological response (24% vs. 13.5%), and a reduced likelihood of developing distant metastasis while on treatment, coupled with a lower mortality rate (40% vs. 48.0%). Additionally, the median survival time for patients receiving aromatase inhibitors was notably longer at 49.0 months compared to 42.0 ± 3.6 months for those on tamoxifen (P = 0.410). Similarly, the aromatase inhibitor group exhibited a more extended median metastasis-free survival time (42.0 months vs. 30.0 ± 1.4 months, P = 0.056) and a more favorable survival time from metastasis to death (8 ± 0.6 months vs. 6 ± 0.8 months in the tamoxifen group, P = 0.142).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings collectively suggest a consistent trend towards improved treatment outcomes with aromatase inhibitors compared to tamoxifen. The observed reduction in mortality rates among aromatase inhibitor-treated patients highlights their potential clinical benefit, with superior overall survival and disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":17301,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","volume":"37 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional status and impact on outcomes of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a pre-planned secondary analysis of a phase 3 randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Vanita Noronha, Avani Chawda, Vijay Patil, Nandini Menon, Minit Shah, Supriya Goud, Sucheta More, Srushti Shah, Vijayalakshmi Mathrudev, Kumar Prabhash","doi":"10.1186/s43046-025-00305-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43046-025-00305-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adequate nutrition can mitigate side-effects and improve recovery for patients with locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell cancer (LAHNSCC), while malnourishment can increase morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the baseline nutritional status of patients with LAHNSCC planned for curative chemoradiotherapy (CRT), the evolution of nutritional status during the course of CRT and to assess whether nutrition impacted their clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a pre-planned secondary analysis of a Phase III randomized controlled trial conducted between 2013 and 2017 in 300 patients with LAHNSCC who were randomly assigned to receive either cisplatin 30 mg/m² once-a-week or 100 mg/m² once-in-3-weeks concurrently with radiation. This analysis included 112 patients for whom nutritional parameters were recorded. Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) forms were used to evaluate malnutrition severity at different treatment stages. Scores on the PG-SGA ranged from 0 to 35, with higher scores denoting greater malnutrition. Scores were grouped, with 0-3 indicating normal to mild malnutrition, and ≥ 4 denoting moderate to severe malnutrition. Baseline scores were compared with subsequent scores and survival outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline assessment, 42.8% of patients had normal to mild malnutrition, while 57.1% had moderate to severe malnutrition. There were higher baseline malnutrition rates in women, users of smokeless tobacco, and patients with buccal mucosa tumors. By day 21 of treatment, 44 (56.4%) patients had moderate to severe malnutrition, while 34 (43.6%) had normal nutrition or mild malnutrition. Among those with moderate to severe malnutrition at baseline, 13 (29.5%) patients had an improvement in their nutritional status, while 14 (41.2%) patients with normal to mild nutrition at baseline had deterioration in their nutritional status during the course of CRT. Baseline nutritional status did not significantly impact progression-free, locoregional relapse-free or overall survivals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-treatment nutrition is crucial for managing weight and reducing treatment complications in patients with LAHNSCC. Over 40% of patients with normal baseline nutrition have deterioration of their nutritional status during CRT. We were unable to find any correlation between nutrition and clinical outcomes in patients with LAHNSCC receiving curative CRT. Larger studies are needed to explore the impact of nutrition on treatment outcomes, emphasizing regular dietary assessments and interventions to improve patient compliance.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Trial Registry of India, under the registration number CTRI/2012/10/003062.</p>","PeriodicalId":17301,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","volume":"37 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiR-101-3p and miR-106b-5p roles in EMT pathway: prognostic and therapeutic insights for luminal breast cancer.","authors":"Gehad Tarek, Manar S Fouda, Mohamed M Omran, Gehan Safwat, Mahmoud M Kamel, Abdel Hady A Abdel Wahab","doi":"10.1186/s43046-025-00304-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43046-025-00304-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast cancer is considered to be the most common cancer that affects women worldwide, where it accounts for approximately 38.8% of all cancer cases among females. Luminal subtypes are the most prevalent in Egypt. Small noncoding RNAs also called microRNAs (miRNAs) influence gene expression posttranscriptionally. Since they regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, which is vital for tumor invasion and metastasis, microRNAs play a critical role in the progression of cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study has investigated the expression profiles of four microRNAs (miR-101-3p, miR-106a-5p, miR-106b-5p, and miR-130b-5p) and their impacts on genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in luminal breast cancer. Tissue samples from 43 luminal breast cancer patients and 18 controls have been studied via real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The association between the expression levels was evaluated using the Pearson correlation test. The correlation between the measured variables and numerous clinicopathological characteristics was assessed using the linear regression test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that miR-101-3p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-106b-5p were significantly dysregulated, highlighting their possible role as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the development of breast cancer. EMT markers, especially Twist, SNAI1, and E-cadherin, show significant alterations, indicating the activation of EMT pathways in luminal breast cancer. Correlation analysis showed interactions between miRNAs and EMT-related genes, showing a negative correlation between miR-101-3p and SNAI1, as well as a positive correlation between Twist and miR-106a-5p. Moreover, logistic regression analysis associated expression levels of those miRNAs with clinicopathological characteristics, such as body weight, age, and tumor laterality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the leading role of miR-101-3p and miR-106b-5p in the progression of luminal breast cancer via interacting with the EMT process and their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":17301,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","volume":"37 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): characteristics, risk factors, molecular profile patterns, and treatment - a retrospective cohort study from Palestine.","authors":"Abdallah Damin Abukhalil, Khaldieh Mansour, Wardah Alhaj, Inas Salah, Yousef Sahoury, Ni'meh Al-Shami, Mohammad Qawasmeh","doi":"10.1186/s43046-025-00298-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43046-025-00298-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and background: </strong>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the third most common type of cancer in Palestine and has the highest mortality rate. Treatment approaches for NSCLC depend on many factors including stage, histology, molecular profile, and patient performance status.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored the patient characteristics, molecular profiles, metastatic sites, prognosis, and treatment modalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational retrospective cohort study was conducted at multiple Palestinian hospitals. This study included patients diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC between 2016 and 2022. Patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), newly diagnosed lung cancer, or incomplete information were excluded from the study. Patient data were obtained from the date of lung cancer diagnosis until death or loss to follow-up. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS, and overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 102 patients, 80.4% were male, 40.2% were current smokers, 42.2% were ex-smokers, and 17.6% were nonsmokers. (86.35%) of the patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, and (77.5%) were diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC. Tumor recurrence was observed in 47.1% of patients after surgery. A total of 56.9% had PDL-1 expression ≥ 10%, and 45.1% had EGFR mutations. Fourteen (13.7%) received mono-chemotherapy with an estimated OS of (1219.200) days, 34 (33.3%) received mono-immunotherapy with an estimated OS of (720.152) days, and 54 (52.9%) received a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy with an OS of 2006.777 days. PFS (> 1 year) was higher in patients receiving combination therapy (58.3%). Myelosuppression, renal damage, and liver damage are some of the major side effects experienced by patients receiving either type of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study provide vital information on tumor molecular mutation patterns and PDL expression for the adoption of appropriate measures in prevention and treatment strategies for NSCLC in Palestine. The majority of patients diagnosed with NSCLC were males with a history of smoking and were diagnosed at an advanced stage, which requires increased education, wariness of lung cancer, and smoking cessation programs at the national level.</p>","PeriodicalId":17301,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","volume":"37 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful treatment of prolonged COVID-19 with remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in a patient with a history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report.","authors":"Nadia Bouhamdani, Dominique Bouhamdani, Cynthia Léger, Josiane Stadler, Nancy Saulnier","doi":"10.1186/s43046-025-00291-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43046-025-00291-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunocompromised individuals, such as those affected by and treated for hematological malignancies, face a higher risk of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection. Increased disease risk is further compounded by limited treatment options. Currently, approved antiviral monotherapies against COVID-19 include remdesivir (Veklury) and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) which have stringent recommended prescribing windows within 7 and 5 days of symptom onset, respectively. Furthermore, these two antiviral therapies are approved for treatment lengths of 3 (remdesivir) and 5 days (Paxlovid).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Herein, we describe the successful treatment of prolonged COVID-19 in a patient with a history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with an extended combination therapy; remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. The patient presented with symptomatic COVID-19 that was unsuccessfully treated with a 10-day course of remdesivir. After 2 months of symptomatic infection, the patient was treated with remdesivir in combination with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for 10 days, which quickly resolved the cough and cleared viral load.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our case highlights the efficacy of administrating a combination treatment of remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir outside recommended guidelines for the treatment of persistent COVID-19 infection in an immunocompromised individual. High-quality studies evaluating the usefulness of this combinatory therapy as a longer-course treatment in patients with neoplasms is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17301,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","volume":"37 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}