Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"DNA variants and population structure of Magelang ducks across generation","authors":"A. Febriana, E. Kurnianto, S. Sutopo, D. A. Lestari, A. Setiaji, S. Sugiharto","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.49.1.67-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.49.1.67-77","url":null,"abstract":"Magelang ducks (MD) are Indonesian local ducks and are known as dual-purpose type ducks which have high egg production, duck day production (DDP), and body weight size. Nowadays, the MD is selected to establish the pure line to advance the egg production trait in the Breeding and Rearing Center of Non-Ruminant Animals Banyubiru, Central Java. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Dloop region, is highly polymorphic and could be used to analyze the population genetics. The present research aims to examine the impacts of continuous selection on population structure and genetic mutations on MD across two generations using the mtDNA D-loop region. Thirty-six blood samples from the second (G2) and third (G3) generations were examined using the sequencing method. The MEGA X and DnaSP software were applied to calculate the genetic diversity, genetic distance, and to generate a phylogenetic tree. The number of haplotypes (H), haplotype diversity (Hd), and Tajima's D are 26, 0.9746, and -1.46, respectively. The Fst value of MD is 0.156. The genetic distance among populations ranges from 0.0000 – 2.097. The UPGMA analysis constructs one clade in a phylogenetic tree between MD, Indonesian local Ducks, Indian Ducks, Vietnamese Ducks, and Chinese Ducks. The study found that the genetic variation and population structure did not significantly change between the second and third generations.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"238 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140456748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock farming sustainability and forage production in volcanic-hazard prone areas of Indonesia’s active volcano","authors":"K. Khalil, D. Ananta, R. Novia, S. Suyitman, J. Achmadi","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.49.1.91-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.49.1.91-105","url":null,"abstract":"Volcanic eruptions have varied and complex impacts on small-scale livestock farming located in volcanic hazard-prone areas due to diverse stock, rearing, and feeding practices. The study was aimed to clarify the critical factors for designing forage recovery and sustainable livestock production in highrisk-prone areas of active volcanic mountains. A total of seventy-five ruminant livestock farmers located in the eruption-impacted areas of five active volcanoes were surveyed on flock size, rearing, and feeding practices. They were interviewed about their experiences of the eruption's impact on the animals, forage feed, and livestock mitigation regarding survival efforts. Forage plants and soil samples were collected to analyze dry matter and crude nutrient composition and estimate the botanical composition, biomass production, and carrying capacity. Results showed that there were five species of ruminant animals reared in small flock size (< 7 heads/farm): beef cattle, buffalo, horses, goat, and sheep. Beef cattle and goats were the most popular farm animals raised in different breeds, rearing, and feeding systems. The volcanic eruption caused animal loss and health problems due to exposure to volcanic materials, forage damages, and animal mitigation constraints, resulting in flock size decrease and economic loss. The impact of the eruption on farm animals and forage plants varied among the volcanoes due to diverse eruptive characteristics, stock breed, rearing, and feeding practices. Livestock farming recovery post-eruption depended largely on the survival flock and the regrowth of forage plants. In conclusion, sustainable beef cattle farming in volcanic hazard-prone areas might be realized by effective livestock mitigation efforts, selecting appropriate types of animals and rearing/feeding systems based on agroecological conditions, and improving forage capacity and survival rate during and posteruption.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140461472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of selenium yeast and vitamin E in blood profile and egg production of laying hens at the end of egg production period","authors":"I. Ismoyowati, R. Rosidi, N. Hidayat, M. A. Yakubu","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.49.1.41-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.49.1.41-50","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of selenium yeast and vitamin E supplementation on hematological parameters, egg production, and quality in laying hens aged beyond 94 weeks. The experiment adhered to ethical regulations and employed a Completely Randomized Design Dietary treatments included a basal diet (T0), or a basal diet supplemented with 0.450 mg selenium yeast and 100 mg vitamin E (T1), 0.675 mg selenium yeast and 100 mg vitamin E (T2), 0.450 mg selenium yeast and 200 mg vitamin E (T3), 0.675 mg selenium yeast and 200 mg vitamin E per kg diet (T4). There were 125 hens divided in five treatments and five replicates that contained five hens per replicate. Hematological parameters, egg production, and egg quality were determined. The T4 treatment reduced red blood cell counts (P<0.05), potentially impacting erythropoiesis. The T3 treatment increased lymphocyte content and decreased heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05), which concurs with an increase in egg weight, egg mass, and Haugh Unit, and decreased feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Thus, this study demonstrated that incorporating these supplements with the specified dosage (0.450 mg selenium yeast and 200 mg vitamin E per kg diet) in aged laying hens can enhance productivity and egg quality at the end of the production cycle.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"136 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of in ovo injection of epigallocatechin-3 gallate and oleuropein on hatching, productive and physiological aspects of broiler chicks exposed to short heat stress","authors":"K. Al-Shammari, S. J. Zamil","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.49.1.1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.49.1.1-15","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate the influence of in ovo injection (IO) into air cell (AC) or yolk sac (YS) of epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EG) and oleuropein (OL) as antioxidants on hatching, physiological and productive performance of heat-stressed chicks. 840 fertile eggs were chosen for IO on 12th day of incubation. Eggs were divided into 7 groups within 4 replications each as follows: negative control (NC) without IO and other groups involved IO of 100 μl distilled water and 5 mg each of EG and OL in both AC and YS sites of egg. After hatching, chicks were exposed to heat stress for 24 h and raised for 42 d. Compared with NC, the results revealed that main effect of IO with EG and OL increased (p≤0.05) hatchability and decreased deformed chicks and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, corticosterone and heat shock protein 70 with enhancing feed efficiency, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and thyroxine in serum or liver. High chick length and relative chick weight with low serum protein carbonyl and feed intake were recorded (p≤0.05) by EG. Low rectal temperature and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio with high body weight were recordered (p≤0.05) by OL. No mainly altered effects between both IO sites on most variables measured. However, there were significant influences among interactive treatments which related to in ovo injected substance in an injection site-dependent manner. It is concluded that improved hatchability, physiological and productive characteristics of heat-stressed chicks were achieved by IO of EG and OL.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"342 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140500913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal microflora, body fat profiles and performance of male Tegal duck fed diet supplemented with red tomato extract","authors":"F. Rochman, V. Ismadi, L. Krismiyanto, N. Suthama","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.49.1.29-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.49.1.29-40","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of red tomato extract (RTE) on intestinal microflora, fat digestibility, body fat (meat fat mass, abdominal fat), and performances of male tegal duck. One hundred birds of male tegal ducks of 3 weeks old (initial body weight was 507.74±31.86 g) were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 5 replications (5 birds each) in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were basal diet without RTE as a control (T0), basal diet added with 0.10% RTE (T1), basal diet added with 0.15% RTE (T2) and basal diet added with 0.20% RTE (T3). Parameters measured were lactic acid bacteria (LAB), coliform, intestinal pH, fat digestibility, meat fat mass, abdominal fat, blood concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), body weight gain (BWG), carcass weight, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and continued to Duncan multiple range test when the treatment indicated significant (p<0.05) effect. Supplementation of RTE at higher level significanly (p<0.05) increased lactic acid bacteria (LAB), concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), carcass weight and body weight gain (BWG), while fat digestibility, meat fat mass, abdominal fat, malondialdehyde (MDA), intestinal pH, coliform counts and feed conversion ratio decreased (p<0.05), as compared to control. Feed consumption tended to decrease but not significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, feeding red tomato extract at a level of 0.20% (T3) can be categorized as effective in improving intestinal bacterial balance, body fat, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme, and performances of male tegal duck.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140513813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moringa oleifera leaf for replacing protein portion of soybean meal in the diet of young growing meat goats","authors":"J. Achmadi, E. Pangestu, S. Surahmanto, A. Muktiani, S. Sutrisno, M. Christiyanto, S. Surono, L. K. Nuswantara, A. Subrata","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.4.315-321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.4.315-321","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro ruminal feed fermentability test and feeding experiment were conducted to clarify the substitution of soybean meal with Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOlp) in the diet of young growing goats. Five M. oleifera based feeds were studied in the test of in vitro ruminal fermentability: 0% MOlp, 25% MOlp, 50% MOlp, 75% MOlp and 100% MOlp. All feeds were designed to be isoprotein and isoenergy, containing 20% crude protein and 71 - 75% TDN. In the feeding experiment, three dietary experiments were offered to young growing Jawarandhu goats, aged 3 – 5 months with average body weight of 10 kg. The dietary experiments were 0% MOlp, 25% MOlp and 75% MOlp. All dietary experiments were designed to be isoprotein and isoenergy, containing 20% crude protein and 71 - 75% TDN. Result of the in vitro ruminal feed fermentability test showed that feed dry matter and crude protein digestibilities, ruminal concentrations of total VFA and NH3, and total ruminal protein production increased (p<0.05) in line with the level of MOlp in the experimental feeds. Result of feeding experiment revealed that nutrient intakes and body weight gain were not different (p>0.05) among treatment groups. Blood concentrations of protein, urea, ammonia, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol were similar in all groups. The dietary treatment did not effect significantly (p>0.05) on some hematological parameters. M. oleifera leaf could replace protein portion of soybean meal in the diet of young growing meat goats without negative effect on productive performances.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SNPs in splicing region and miRNA binding region of Bos taurus TREM-1 gene reveals its association with mastitis","authors":"N. S. Pandupuspitasari, F. A. Khan, A. Setiaji, D. A. Lestari, Z. Shujun","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.4.306-314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.4.306-314","url":null,"abstract":"Proper splicing is important for the functioning of a gene, and any interruption in splicing causes several deleterious events. Triggering receptors present on myeloid cells, TREM-1, are implicated in inflammation and act as amplifiers by mediating the release of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in response to fungal and bacterial infections. In bovines, mastitis is an inflammatory disease in which mammary gland inflammation is generally caused by bacteria. We found rs109937179 and rs208224995 SNPs in the splicing and miRNA binding region of TREM-1 gene in Chinese Holstein cows. The genotype distribution of the alleles for TREM-1 (rs109937179 and rs208224995) gene polymorphisms was investigated in 364 and 320 Chinese Holstein cows, respectively. We found that the GG genotype of the rs109937179 polymorphism and rs208224995 genotype of CA within the TREM-1 gene were associated with an increased risk of mastitis. Importantly, rs109937179 was found in the splicing region of TREM-1, and rs208224995 has a miRNA binding region for bta-miR- 2329-3p in the 3'UTR, which determines its effective roles in gene expression regulation.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"546 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of soybean meal extract with Lactobacillus plantarum in rations on protein digestibility and performance of broiler chickens","authors":"R. Afro', V. Ismadi, L. Krismiyanto, M. Mulyono","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.4.322-336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.4.322-336","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of adding soybean meal extract (SME) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on protein digestibility and performance of broiler chickens. The material used was 8-day-old Cobb CP 707 strain broilers with a body weight of 137.89 ± 3.7 g. This study used a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates, with each replicate of 8 birds. The treatments were T0: basal diet (control), T1: basal diet + LP 1.2%, T2: basal diet + SME 0.15%, T3: basal diet + SME 0.30%, T4: basal diet + SME 0.15% + LP 1.2%, T5: basal ration + SME 0.30% + LP 1.2%. Parameters measured were the performance of broiler chickens, lactic acid bacteria population, Escherichia coli population, intestinal pH, protein consumption, protein digestibility, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the addition of SME and Lactobacillus plantarum in the ration had a significant effect (P <0.05) on total daily weight gain, total daily feed intake, total feed conversion, lactic acid bacteria population, Escherichia coli population, intestinal pH, protein consumption, protein digestibility, and antioxidant activity. Significantly higher total daily weight gains were observed in T5 (54.09 g) compared to T3 (51.27 g), T2 (46.98 g), T1 (46.64 g), and T0 (45.56 g). Total daily feed intake of T5 (79.94 g) was significantly higher those of T2 (74.52 g), T1 (74.17 g), and T0 (74.89 g). Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in T5 (1.48) compared to the others, but not different from T4 (1.54). The LAB population of T5 (10.26 log cfu/g) was significantly higher than those of T2 (8.98 log cfu/g), T1 (8.99 log cfu/g), and T0 (6.99 log cfu/g). The Escherichia coli population of T5 (1.50 log cfu/g) was significantly lower than T1 (2.40 log cfu/g) and T0 (4.54 log cfu/g). Intestinal pH of T5 (5.90) was significantly lower than the others, but not different from T4 (5.91). Protein consumption of T5 (17.14 g) was significantly higher than T2 (15.98 g), T1 (15.90 g), and T0 (16.00 g), and protein digestibility of T5 (88.53%) was significantly higher than T2 (85.42%), T1 (82.92%), and T0 (80.37%). Malondialdehyde of T5 (0.80 nmol/ml) was significantly lower than T2 (1.01 nmol/ml), T1 (1.03 nmol/ml), and T0 (1.27 nmol/ml). Superoxide dismutase of T5 (21.43 U/ml) was significantly higher than all treatments. The study concludes that adding soybean meal extract with 0.30% and Lactobacillus plantarum 1,2% (T5) was effective in increasing protein digestibility and optimizing performance in broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139285133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The improvement of meat nutrient composition in broiler chickens fed diets containing rice bran tempeh supplemented with cellulose","authors":"U. Santoso, B. Brata, K. Kususiyah, M. Dani","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.4.297-305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.4.297-305","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of cellulase supplementation in diets containing rice bran tempeh on body conformation, fat deposition, nutritional composition of broiler meat and blood biochemical concentrations in broiler chickens. This research was carried out for 3 weeks from 15 days to 35 days of age. Two hundred broilers aged 15 days were divided into 4 treatment groups with 5 replications (8 broilers for each replication) for each treatment, as follows: T1 = 0% cellulase; T2 = 0.05% cellulase; T3 = 0.1% cellulase, and T4 = 0.15% cellulase. Body conformation, chemical meat composition, fat deposition, blood pH, glucose and uric acid were measured. The addition of 0.05% or 0.15% cellulase significantly reduced leggedness (P<0.05), whereas 0,1% or 0,15% cellulase addtion significantly reduced the content of meat fat and ash plus carbohydrate. In addition, the inclusion of 0.05% cellulase increased the content of meat protein (P<0.01). The inclusion of cellulase from 0.05-0.15% did not decrease fat deposition, blood concentration of uric acid, cholesterol, glucose and pH. In conclusion, the addition of 0.1% or 0.15% cellulase improved meat nutrient composition without improving body conformation.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biological role of clove oil in the diet of mature male rabbits on the physiological body functions, oxidative stress and physical semen properties","authors":"A. Habeeb, M. Atta, A. I. A. Elhanafy, A. K. Sharaf","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.4.282-296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.4.282-296","url":null,"abstract":"In an eight-week experiment conducted throughout the months of January and February, 2023, the goal of this study was to determine how changing the diet of mature male rabbits to include clove oil affected their body's physiological processes and the quality of their sperm. In this study, 24 mature rabbit bucks that were 8 months old and weighed an average of 2.650 g in the first production year were used. In a final randomized plan, the bucks were randomly assigned to two experimental groups, each with twelve rabbits. Bucks served as the control group in the first group and were fed a commercial pelleted food without any supplements. Each buck in the second group received one milliliter of clove along with the daily diet requirement from commercial pellets. Every two weeks, values for weight gain, feed consumption, testosterone levels, blood constituents, libido, and semen quality were assessed. The findings demonstrated that including clove oil in the diet of bucks rabbits resulted in a significant (P<0.01) improvement in each of daily feed intake, daily weight gain, testosterone hormone, and γ-globulin and a significantly (P<0.01) reduced glucose, cholesterol fraction levels in comparison to the control group. Additionally, adding clove oil increased (P<0.01) the rabbit bucks' physical semen attributes values. It was determined that including clove oil in the diet of male rabbits improved physiological body processes, produced hypercholesterolemia, and raised the quality of the rabbits' sperm without having a negative impact on liver or kidney function.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139314620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}