Human MigrationPub Date : 2021-11-25DOI: 10.4324/9781003183051-2
G. J. Lewis
{"title":"Definitions and Concepts","authors":"G. J. Lewis","doi":"10.4324/9781003183051-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003183051-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":172543,"journal":{"name":"Human Migration","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132291179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human MigrationPub Date : 2021-11-25DOI: 10.4324/9781003183051-3
G. Lewis
{"title":"Migration in Time and Space","authors":"G. Lewis","doi":"10.4324/9781003183051-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003183051-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":172543,"journal":{"name":"Human Migration","volume":"2021 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131723038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human MigrationPub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0003
M. Crawford, S. Alden, Randy E David, K. Beaty
{"title":"Unangan (Aleut) Migrations","authors":"M. Crawford, S. Alden, Randy E David, K. Beaty","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"There were diverse causes and demographic and evolutionary consequences of migration of the Unangan (a.k.a. Aleut) people in their expansion from Siberia through the Aleutian archipelago. The causes included subsistence patterns, volcanic eruptions that destroyed island econiches, climatic changes that calmed the seas and made interisland migrations possible, and cultural contacts as well as forcible relocations. The consequences of the migrations included an intimate relationship between genetics, as revealed by mitochondrial DNA, and geography; loss of genetic diversity due to population fission along kin groups; creation of genetic barriers due to periodic climatic limitations to migrations; population genetic differentiation due to kin migration and founder effect; and admixture with Russian administrators and military in the western and central islands and with fishermen of English and Scandinavian ancestry in the eastern islands.","PeriodicalId":172543,"journal":{"name":"Human Migration","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126956262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human MigrationPub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0021
M. Crawford, Maria de Lourdes Muñoz-Moreno
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"M. Crawford, Maria de Lourdes Muñoz-Moreno","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This volume on human migration has a biocultural and environmental emphasis. The chapters are arranged into five topical sections, including a theoretical overview of migration from recent African origins to Asia, Siberia, and the Americas; reconstruction of migration patterns based on ancient DNA; variation in regional movements of peoples from Africa, Siberia, the Americas, and the Caribbean; insights into patterns of migration as revealed by sociocultural observations and the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches in North Africa and Central and South America; and the spread of disease accompanying migrations. The diseases discussed are tuberculosis in Euro-Asia and arboviral infections at the United States–Mexican border....","PeriodicalId":172543,"journal":{"name":"Human Migration","volume":"155 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133236910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human MigrationPub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0011
Emily T. Norris, Lavanya Rishishwar, I. Jordan
{"title":"Rapid, Adaptive Human Evolution Facilitated by Admixture in the Americas","authors":"Emily T. Norris, Lavanya Rishishwar, I. Jordan","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have migrated from their ancestral homelands in Africa to nearly every part of the world. Human migration is characterized by a recurrent process of physical isolation and genetic diversification followed by admixture, whereby previously isolated populations come together and exchange genes. Admixture results in the introgression of alleles from ancestral source populations into hybrid admixed populations, and introgression can facilitate rapid, adaptive evolution by introducing beneficial alleles at intermediate frequencies. We provide examples of adaptive introgression between archaic and modern human populations and for admixed populations in the Americas, which were formed relatively recently via admixture among African, European, and Indigenous American ancestral populations. Adaptive introgression has had an outsized effect on the human immune system. In light of the ubiquity of admixture in human evolution, we propose that adaptive introgression is a fundamentally important mechanism for driving rapid, adaptive evolution in human populations.","PeriodicalId":172543,"journal":{"name":"Human Migration","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127944087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human MigrationPub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0020
I. Mokrousov
{"title":"Major Impact of Massive Migration on Spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains","authors":"I. Mokrousov","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Dissemination of epidemic Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is a global concern, and any world region may be at risk of their introduction. This is a well-known cliché, but the reality is more nuanced. Based on the analysis of East-Asian and Euro-American lineages of M. tuberculosis, three conclusions can be drawn. First, an ordinary human exchange is not sufficient for wide dissemination of an M. tuberculosis strain in a new location. In contrast, a massive influx of migrants dramatically changes the population structure (both human and the pathogen’s). Second, an emerging strain can emerge in its area of origin, but it will not necessarily be successful elsewhere. Third, a strain should be sufficiently prevalent in its country of origin to be efficiently imported to a new location. Summing up, the virulence of M. tuberculosis strains is conditional, but it is not an absolute feature, and the role of human migration in their spread is crucial.","PeriodicalId":172543,"journal":{"name":"Human Migration","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116559546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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