Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Onion (Allium cepa) on an Aluminum induced kidney damage of a Wister Rat","authors":"Christine Amica Okolo","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11401","url":null,"abstract":"Several researches have been done to find out the effects of plant materials on the human body. This research was done to finds out some questions: does aqueous extract of garlic and onions have an effect on the microanatomy of the kidneys of a Wister rat? Does onion and garlic have an effect on the body and weight of the Wister rat? During this research we were able to collect the plant materials and animals. Using the crude method, we extracted the aqueous form of the plant materials and stored them for administration. We also grouped the animals into 6 groups where we administered the aqueous form of the plants and metal to them. After 8 days the animals were sacrificed by Cervical dislocation and blood was collected from their eyes. The kidneys were also removed and placed in boudin’s fluid for histological preparation, observation, and morphological studies. This research some limitations like; financial limitations and limited data. At the end of the Garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) had no significant effect on the aluminum induced kidney damage of the wistar rat. Further studies should be done to further investigate the effects of Gatlic and Onion on the kidneys.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78394367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of knowledge and practice of selfmedication among undergraduates of Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba Kogi State, Nigeria","authors":"Adeola Moses Folusayo, Jimoh Monday, A. David, Ayodele Kolade Babatunde, Olowoleni Victor Ben","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11403","url":null,"abstract":"Self-medication is defined as obtaining and consuming drugs without the advice of a medical practitioner either for diagnosis, prescription or surveillance of treatment. It is fairly common practice in today’s era, be it in general population, or confined to a relatively smaller group of students. Self-medication can lead to wasteful expenditure, increase in morbidities due to adverse effects and resistance to antibiotics. The objectives of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of self-medication among undergraduates of Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was used for this study. A sample of 300 respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. The findings of the study found that most of the respondents have good knowledge of selfmedication and that self-medication is widely practiced among undergraduates of Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State Nigeria despite their knowledge of its side effects. Based on the findings of the study, it is therefore recommended that the school authority need to enhance the level of knowledge on the health consequences of self-medication through seminar and health talk.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81275064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Professional Competence of Medical Doctors Trained Using Innovative and Traditional Learning Methods","authors":"Abuya Joseph, Esamai Fabian, Nyamogoba Henry","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11405","url":null,"abstract":"Background; Innovative learning also known as Problem Based Learning (PBL) is student centered whereas Traditional teaching is tutor centered. PBL is a main method of acquiring and applying knowledge and thus develop life-long learning skills. Moi University school of Medicine uses PBL whereas University of Nairobi uses traditional learning methods. Objectives; To evaluate the perceptions of professional competence among medical doctors using innovative learning methods (PBL) as contrasted to traditional teaching methods in their medical education. Methods; This was a cross-sectional study carried out on the medical doctors from Moi University and University of Nairobi. Moi University uses problem-based learning whereas University of Nairobi uses traditional methods as a learning model. A total of 92 post internship medical doctors were recruited. After the obtaining an informed consent, data was collected from the sampled respondents. Data was analyzed using STATA version 10 to obtain descriptive variables. Results; From Moi University there were 37(40.2%) and from University of Nairobi were 55(59.8%). There were 38 females (41.3%) and 54 male (58.7%). Majority of the respondents (79.3%) were in the age range of 25-29years. A total of eight competencies were assessed. In all the eight assessed competencies, the P-value for variable rating in two competencies was less than 0.05. These were; Leadership skills and Planning, organization and working independently. Conclusion; PBL curricula graduates felt that they were better prepared in leadership skills as compared to counterparts who were trained using traditional teaching methods.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89814338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multifareous role of Nanomedicine in healthcare","authors":"Keerthi Somashekar, Divya Badoni, S. Gautam, P. Lohani","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11406","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is an amalgamation of different disciplines of science and technology that has undergone tremendous evolution in last few years and is thought to play a significant role in revolutionizing health care sector. It can be a breakthrough in various diseases and disorders, targeted drug delivery, drug development, and discovery. Most of the applications are in clinical trials at present. Moreover, the side effects of nanoparticles are of great concern and need to research thoroughly. There are around 122 nanomedicines that are undergoing screening and clinical phase trials. However, out of these, only seventeen have been able to make it to clinical phase II and III trials. These medicines target different types of cancers, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. It is impressive to follow rapid development in nanotechnology in tune with the health industry. At the same time, it is very important to study nanoparticle-based medicines, toxicity and side effects. The goal is to provide better health care with minimal side effects. The article focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the field of medicine highlighting the future prospects.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88764357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ayurveda management of Iatrogenic Hypothyroidism: A Case Study","authors":"Latika Kundra, P. Verma, Swarnakant Jena, Prasanth D, S. Bhatted","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11301","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Iatrogenic Hypothyroidism is permanent condition, once evoked by treatment resulting in permanent thyroid damage, or reversible, when caused by the treatment which interfere the thyroid function. Nowadays Radioactive iodine therapy is more preferably introduced for the treatment of Hyperthyroidism. It has proved to be effective, inexpensive and convenient for patients and wide thought as a treatment of choice. It destroys the cells within the thyroid gland that typically leads to hypothyroidism. In contemporary medicine still the management of Hypothyroidism remains unsatisfactory. Excessive hormonal replacement therapy carries potential to long term complications. Hence the present case study was taken to evaluate the efficacy of Shodhana therapy (Virechana karma) in the management of Iatrogenic hypothyroidism. Material and method: In a present case study a 30-year-old male patient diagnosed as a case of Iatrogenic hypothyroidism managed through Shodhana therapy (Virechana Karma). Assessment was made on the basis of change in TSH and T4 level along with relief in subjective parameter after the Shodhana therapy (Virechana Karma). Result: There was significant relief in weight gain (Reduced from 60 kg to 56 kg), BMI (25.9 to 24.2 kg/m2 ), Reduction in Hair fall from average 12.4 to 10.0 (Assessed by the hair comb test), disturbance in sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index changes 13 to 5) and TSH level (27.64 to 4.2 uIU/ml). Conclusion: The observartion made from this study suggests that Shodhana therapy along with Udwartana and Takradhara can provide an efficient result for managing Iatrogenic Hypothyroidism.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"2009 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88940938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximate Composition, Mineral Element Profile and Antioxidant Properties of the Edible Kenyan Mushroom, Auricularia polytricha","authors":"Samuel Nduva Mutuku, Ezekiel Kipkorir Lang’at, E. Osoro, P. Imbenzi, J. O. Omolo","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11302","url":null,"abstract":"The indigenous Kenyan Auricularia polytricha is a known delicacy to the communities residing around Kakamega forest in Western Kenya. The objective of the present study was to carry out proximate analysis, determine selected mineral element levels and radical scavenging capacity of the fruiting bodies of Auricularia polytricha. Proximate analysis which included determination of total carbohydrates, crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, ash and moisture contents was done according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. The minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pd, Cd) in the dried mushroom sample were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) while Na and K were determined by flame emission photometry. Phosphorus was estimated by spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity of the crude mushroom extracts was evaluated by measuring their scavenging capacity on the stable radical, DPPH (2,2- Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) using UV-Vi’s spectrophotometer at 517 nm. The mushroom was found to contain 64.53% total carbohydrates, 43.12% crude fibre, 11.67% crude proteins, 4.75% crude fat and 4.69% ash content on dry matter basis. The moisture content of the mushroom was found to be 80.33% of the fresh weight, which is typical of fresh foods and vegetables. A methanol extract of the mushroom exhibited antiradical activity against DPPH in a dose dependent manner with the highest radical scavenging capacity (40.84%) obtained at a concentration 500 µg/mL. For the mineral profile, the variations and concentrations of the essential and trace elements under study decreased in the order K˃Na˃Mg˃Ca˃Fe>P>Zn>Mn. The selected hazardous heavy metals Cd and Pb were not detected in the mushroom sample. Implications of the mineral concentrations on the nutritional value of the mushroom have been highlighted. In conclusion, the obtained results suggest that the mushroom, which has good amounts of the required proximate components, minerals and antiradical constituents, is a potentially healthy, safe and functional food.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88740493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitiligo and Surgical interventions in its treatment","authors":"Dilshad Ali, J. Alam","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11303","url":null,"abstract":"Vitiligo is not a very uncommon skin disorder in which scientists do not know the cause and eventually the treatment. Although it is a disease with almost no symptoms but the psychosocial impact is so immense that the patient seeks treatment from the very beginning of the white patches over his body. The condition becomes more measurable for women when we talk about third-world countries. In the Indian context, the prevalence of vitiligo is very high up to 4% in some areas which is a far high ratio than the global occurrence. Fortunately, several options of treatments are available in India especially Unani medicine which successfully cures a large number of patients. Besides drugs, Unani hakims used phototherapy as well. That's why the majority of vitiligo patients seek treatment from Unani hakims. CCRUM (central council of research in Unani medicine) an autonomous body that has pan India presence successfully treated thousands of vitiligo patients. Nevertheless, many patients are refractory cases that got little or no relief at all. These stable cases go for surgical options. In surgery, several successful methods developed by derma to surgeons. For example, grafting methods and melanocytes transfer. It is just to transplant grafts or cells from the patient normal area to the vitiliginous area. Here in this paper, we discuss such options for stable vitiligo.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78013730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Long Chain Bioactive Compounds from Commiphora swynnertonii (Burtt)","authors":"D. Credo, F. Mabiki, F. Machumi, M. Chacha, C. Cornett","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11304","url":null,"abstract":"Commiphora swynnertonii (Burtt) is a medicinal plant with diverse traditional uses in Tanzania. However, there is limited information on isolation and cytotoxicity properties of bioactive compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities. Hence, this study attempted to isolate and assess toxicity properties of bioactive compounds from its leaves, stem barks and whole root. Isolation of bioactive compounds was done by column chromatography method. There structures were deduced with the aid of NMR and GC-MS data and comparison with spectral data available in the literatures. Cytotoxicity evaluation was done by brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. Chromatographic separation led to isolation of Hexacosane (1), Ethyl octadecanoate (2) and Octacosanol (3) from the leaves; Ethyl pentadecanoate (4) and Hexacosanoic acid (5) from the stem barks and Ethyl tetradecanoate (6), Methyl pentadecanoate (7) and Ethyl hexadecanoate (8) from the whole root. BSLT evaluation revealed that all compounds were non-toxic to brine shrimp larvae (LC50 >100 µg/ml). This study reports the isolation of these compounds for the first time from this plant, moreover, their presence demonstrates the usefulness of C. swynnertonii as a good source of pharmacological active reported compounds which authenticate its diverse uses in traditional medicine. Furthermore, the revealed non-toxic effect of these compoundsshows safety and possibly its traditional use has no cytotoxicity effect. Yet, further studies on toxicity of these compounds are recommended.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74821852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential and Formulation of Nanosuspension of Celosia argentea Extract","authors":"D. Chaudhari, A. Kharat","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11305","url":null,"abstract":"It is a well-known undisputed truth that plants play a significant role in health and are frequently used in the food and medicinal industries. Among plant parts, leaves, stems, roots, and bark are being extensively researched for their biological characteristics. However, flowers are overall neglected and significant activities were not explored. Celosia argentea, Family: Amaranthaceae is wide used as ancient drugs with long history. More than 79 chemicals, mostly saponins, peptides, phenols, fatty acids, and amino acids, were extracted and identified from this plant. Saponins are considered to be the distinctive and active components of the herb. Experimental data showed that the active ingredients in this herb have broad biological effects, including the ability to treat number of eye conditions. The flowers of Celosia argentea were collected and extracted using methyl alcohol and water as solvent. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts were carried out by chemical tests. Antioxidant activity was evaluated for the hydroalcoholic extract by DPPH and H2O2 technique. Formulation of nanosuspension of Celosia argentea was carried out by Nanoprecipitation technique. Nanosuspensions of Celosia argentea potentiates the antioxidant potential and bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89829955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Concentrations and Combinations of BAP and NAA on Micropropagation of Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Linn.) Red","authors":"K. Oo, A. M. Mon, Mya Yadanar Htwe, Kyaw Swa Oo, Win Thein Htet, Lone Kyi, W. Win","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11201","url":null,"abstract":"Anthurium anderanum from Araneae family, is a plant with high commercial value. Tissue culture technique appears as an alternative way propagation to increase Anthurium production. The recent research intended to establish an efficient regeneration method for Anthurium andraeanum tissue culture. Young Anthurium plantlets including young shoots, petioles and leaves were applied for regeneration through in vitro indirect organogenesis method from the undefined plant tissues. Callus proliferation was induced by the use of Morishige and Skoog media along with 0.6 mg/l 2,4- Dichlorophenes acetic acid. Shoot regeneration medium consisted of MS salts with supplemented different combinations of BAP and NAA. The number of shoots per explants was significantly increased in 7 months of culture periods in all different combinations but there were found that 14 shoots/explant and 13.9 shoots/explant in NA+ BAP (0+3mg/l) and (0.2+0mg/l) respectively. The longest shoot length (17.3 cm) was found in NAA+BAP (0+0.5mg/l). Rooting was found automatically in shoot proliferation medium. Regenerated plantlets were potted in mixture of broken brick, coco husk and charcoal and successfully acclimatized.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80099325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}