Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue最新文献

{"title":"[Role and Mechanism of Low Molecular-Weight-Organic Acids in Enhanced Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil].","authors":"Zhi-Guo Fang,&nbsp;Jun-Ting Xie,&nbsp;Qing Yang,&nbsp;Ye-Zhen Lu,&nbsp;Hai Huang,&nbsp;Yun-Xian Zhu,&nbsp;Si-Min Yin,&nbsp;Xin-Tao Wu,&nbsp;Shao-Ting Du","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202201062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly technology to remove heavy metals from polluted soil by using the physical and chemical roles of plants. This can effectively reduce the production of secondary pollutants and is economically feasible. Low molecular-weight-organic acids (LMWOAs) are biodegradable and environmentally friendly and have strong application potential in the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The role and mechanism of LMWOAs in phytoremediation was elaborated on in this study with the aim to:① regulate the development of roots, stems, and leaves; increase plant biomass; and enhance plant enrichment of heavy metals; ② improve photosynthesis, enhance plant resistance, and promote tolerance to heavy metals; ③ change the properties of rhizosphere soil, improve rhizosphere microbial activity, and promote the absorption of heavy metals; and ④ change the form of heavy metals, reduce the toxicity of heavy metals, and improve transport efficiency. Moreover, the advantages, disadvantages, and application of LMWOAs in enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil were explored in this study. Finally, the research direction of LMWOAs in the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils was proposed, which will have practical scientific significance for the research and application of LMWOAs in future phytoremediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4669-4678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigating the Pollutants of Marine Shipping Emissions Along the East China Sea by Combining in-situ Measurements and Automatic Identification System].","authors":"Hao Qiu,&nbsp;Dan-Tong Liu,&nbsp;Yang-Zhou Wu,&nbsp;Si-Yuan Li,&nbsp;Shuo Ding,&nbsp;Kang Hu,&nbsp;Jia-le Zhang,&nbsp;Mei-Ting Chen","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202110069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202110069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine shipping emissions have important impacts on air quality and climate. This type of anthropogenic emission remains largely unclear due to complex vessel types and activities. A coastal site near the Ningbo-Zhoushan port along the East China Sea was selected for this study, representing one of the hotspot regions globally with the most intensive shipping activities, in combination with vessels for both domestic and international transportation. Long-term temporal variations in key gaseous and particulate pollutants were obtained at the site using in-situ measurements, and the vessel speed associated with each classified vessel type was obtained according to the automatic identification system (AIS). In combination of backward trajectories, we were able to identify the periods predominated by the surrounding vessel emissions (in warm seasons, dominated by vessels in full operation or idle mode) or influenced by continental outflow (in cold season). We found that emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_<i>x</i>), and black carbon (BC) aerosol were highly correlated with high-speed vessels, whereas carbon monoxide (CO) was likely related to lower operation speed. The total particulate matter (PM) was not directly linked to vessel activities. The enhancement factor in operation mode compared to that in idle mode was approximately 1-4 for most pollutants. This direct ambient observation of the emissions from a range of mixed vessel types may provide a basis for evaluating the shipping emission inventory.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4338-4347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33502614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Structural Characteristics of Phytoplankton Communities and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in a Group of Drinking Water Reservoirs by Water Transmission from Modaomen Waterway in Zhuhai].","authors":"Mo-Li Zhang,&nbsp;En-Rui Wang,&nbsp;Sheng Chang,&nbsp;Shan-Jun Wang,&nbsp;De-Cai Jin,&nbsp;Yue-Ting Fan,&nbsp;Kun-Feng Zhang,&nbsp;Qiong Xie,&nbsp;Qing Fu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202112285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202112285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modaomen Waterway is the main outlet of the Pear River system and an important water source for Zhuhai and Macao. The water quality of 13 sampling sites in Modaomen Waterway, phytoplankton, and environmental factors were investigated at 21 sampling sites in 4 drinking water source groups, which transport water from Modaomen Waterway and connect with each other, in August and October of 2021. A total of 73 genera of phytoplankton in eight phyla were identified, with a total of 150 species, most of them belonging to <i>Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta,</i> and <i>Bacillariophyta</i>. The relative abundance of <i>Cyanophyta</i> was higher than 90% in the DJS and YL reservoirs during flood and dry seasons; <i>Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta,</i> and <i>Bacillariophyta</i> were dominant phyla during different seasons; and their distribution was balanced in the ZXD and ZY reservoirs. The Shannon-Wiener index, Pielous uniformity index, and Margalef richness index showed that the ZY reservoir had the most abundant biodiversity, which indicated the best water quality, followed by the ZXD and YL reservoirs. Conversely, the DJS was the least diverse reservoir for phytoplankton. The PCoA analysis indicated significant differences in plankton structures in ZXD and ZY with the other two reservoirs (<i>P</i><0.05), respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of the phytoplankton community were NO₃^-, TOC, TP, Cl^-, and NH₄⁺-N. These results indicated that the phytoplankton community of the four reservoirs were greatly affected by the nutrient salt caused by water transport, which suggested that the water quality of Modaomen Waterway should be improved to increase reservoir water nutrition to ensure the safety of drinking water sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4489-4501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33502927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Inventory and Distribution Characteristics of Anthropogenic Ammonia Emissions in Zhejiang Province from 2008 to 2018].","authors":"Li-Jiang Fang,&nbsp;Yi-Qun Yang,&nbsp;Guan-Qiong Ye","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202112258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202112258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As ammonia is the main component of PM_2.5, long time series of ammonia emission characteristics are an important basis for studying the historical causes of PM_2.5 pollution. In this study, the activity data of various anthropogenic ammonia emissions from 11 cities were collected in Zhejiang. The anthropogenic ammonia emissions inventory in Zhejiang was established using emission factors, and then a 1 km×1 km spatial grid distribution was carried out using ArcGIS software. The results showed that from 2008 to 2018, the ammonia emissions from anthropogenic sources in Zhejiang exhibited a downward trend, with an average annual decline rate of approximately 3.97%. The ammonia emissions were 108.52 kt in 2018, and the emission intensity was 1.03 t·km^-2, in which there was 90.02 kt from agricultural sources and 18.50 kt from non-agricultural sources. The ammonia emissions of Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Wenzhou were higher than those of the other cities, accounting for 14.72%, 11.86%, and 11.80% of the total ammonia emissions, respectively. The spatial distribution characteristics showed that ammonia emissions were mainly distributed in the northern part of Zhejiang, showing an emission trend of \"high in the north and low in the south.\" Uncertainty analysis showed that the simulated average value of ammonia emissions was 108.37 kt, and the uncertainty range in the 95% confidence interval was -5.40%-5.60%.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4380-4391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33503471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Remediation Effect and Mechanism of Inorganic Passivators on Cadmium Contaminated Acidic Paddy Soil].","authors":"Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Fan-Yi Kong,&nbsp;Sheng-Gao Lu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202112273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202112273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) is one of the main pollutants in acidic paddy fields, and its accumulation in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) and subsequent transfer to the food chain is an important environmental issue in China. In our field study, three types of inorganic passivators (silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer (SCMK), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (CMP), and lime (L) at the rate of 750, 1500, and 2250 kg·hm^-2, respectively) were applied to acidic paddy soils polluted by the heavy metal Cd in southern Zhejiang province. The objective of this study was to reveal the effects and chemical mechanisms of passivators on soil acidification and Cd accumulation in rice. The field experimental results showed that the three passivators could effectively improve soil acidification and reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains. The application of 2250 kg·hm^-2 SCMK, CMP, and L increased soil pH by 0.62, 0.65, and 0.86 units; decreased exchangeable acidity by 67%, 69%, and 78%; and reduced the content of Cd in brown rice by 73%, 68%, and 77%, respectively. The application of 2250 kg·hm^-2 SCMK, CMP, and L reduced the content of Cd in brown rice planted on polluted paddy rice fields to lower than 0.2 mg·kg^-1, which reached the national food safety standard. Compared with the control, the application of SCMK, CMP, and L significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) decreased the content of available Cd extracted by DTPA; decreased the contents of weak acid-extractable (F1) and reducible (F2) Cd; and increased the content of residual (F4) Cd. Correlation analyses indicated that Cd content in brown rice was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH and exchangeable cation content and significantly positively correlated with DTPA-Cd, weak acid-extractable (F1) and reducible (F2) Cd, and exchangeable Al contents. The partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was used to analyze the relationship between the Cd content of brown rice, DTPA-Cd, and various chemical forms of Cd and soil properties. The direct path coefficients of soil exchangeable cations on Cd content in brown rice, available cadmium, and rice yield were -0.566, -0.866, and 0.873, respectively. Soil pH indirectly affected Cd content of brown rice mainly by directly affecting available Cd in soil. Field experiments demonstrated that the three passivators SCMK, CMP, and L were effective technologies for the safe production of rice in acidic paddy soils polluted by Cd. The possible mechanism for passivators reducing the bioavailability of Cd in soil and its accumulation in brown rice contributed to increased exchangeable cations in the soils. These findings could provide a scientific basis for the safe production of rice in acidic paddy soil polluted by heavy metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4679-4686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Enrichment Factors, Health Risk, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils in Semi-arid Region of Hainan Island].","authors":"Jian-Zhou Yang,&nbsp;Jing-Jing Gong,&nbsp;Zhen-Liang Wang,&nbsp;Jian-Weng Gao,&nbsp;Jian-Kun Yang,&nbsp;Shu-Qi Hu,&nbsp;Shi-Xin Tang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202201015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To understand the enrichment factors and pollution levels of heavy metals in agricultural soils in the semi-arid region of Hainan island, 1818 surface soil samples were collected in Gancheng Town and analyzed for their heavy metal contents and physicochemical composition. Correlation analysis was used to determine the heavy metal enrichment factors. The geo-accumulation index (<i>I</i>_geo), comprehensive ecological risk index (RI), and hazard index (HI), as well as carcinogenic risk (CR), were used to assess the degree of pollution and health risk. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to determine the primary sources of pollution and priority sources. The average values of heavy metal contents in the topsoil were 22.7, 0.128, 33.4, 14.5, 0.032, 9.32, 32.5, and 43.3 mg·kg^-1 for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. With the exception of Zn, the concentrations of other heavy metals in the topsoil were higher than the soil background values of Hainan, showing different degrees of heavy metal accumulation effect. The <i>I</i>_geo revealed that the major pollutant element in soils was As, followed by Cd and Cu. The RI showed that the proportion of soil samples that were high-risk level or worse was 29.4% of the total number of samples, among which As was the major source of risk. The health risk assessment results indicated that As, Cr, and Ni exposure presented carcinogenic risk for children with high CR values. Based on PMF, four major sources of heavy metals were identified in the study area. Hg was derived mainly from industrial sources, and As was closely associated with agricultural activities. Ni, Cu, Cr, and Zn were related to soil parent materials. Pb and Cd were associated with agricultural activities and traffic emissions. The PMF models combined with correlation analysis were useful for estimating the source apportionment of heavy metals in soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4590-4600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33501417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Regionalization and Analysis of PM_2.5 and O₃ Synergetic Prevention and Control Areas Based on Remote Sensing Data].","authors":"Shen-Xin Li,&nbsp;Bin Zou,&nbsp;Feng-Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Liu,&nbsp;Chen-Hao Xue,&nbsp;Jing Liu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202112075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202112075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Site-based air pollution monitoring data cannot support the regionalization of air pollution prevention and control areas. Faced with this problem, this study proposed a method of regionalizing synergetic prevention and control areas based on multi-source remote sensing data and GIS spatial statistical analysis methods and carried out quantitative analyses of PM_2.5 and O₃ air pollution in China from 2015 to 2020. The results showed that there was an obvious decrease in PM_2.5 concentrations, and O₃concentrations remained stable; PM_2.5 pollution mostly occurred in autumn and winter, and O₃ pollution occurred in spring and summer. A significant spatial inconsistency was shown between the change rate of PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations, in which the proportions of PM_2.5 decreasing and O₃ increasing, PM_2.5 and O₃ both decreasing, PM_2.5 and O₃ both increasing, and PM_2.5 increasing and O₃ decreasing accounted for 38.34%, 35.12%, 15.24%, and 10.89%, respectively. The results also showed that the boundary of PM_2.5 and O₃ synergetic prevention and control areas was dynamic during 2015 and 2020, showing a trend of expanding from 2015 to 2018 and then becoming smaller after 2019. Generally, the scope of PM_2.5 and O₃ synergetic prevention and control areas was concentrated in \"2+26\" cities, Fenwei plain, north of the Yangtze River Delta, and Shandong. In contrast, the regional scopes of \"PM_2.5 first\" and \"O₃ first\" were relatively stable. Areas of \"PM_2.5 first\" were mainly carried out in Liaoning-Jilin, Hubei-Hunan-Jiangxi, Chengdu-Chongqing, and Taklimakan-Hexi Corridor, whereas \"O₃ first\" areas were mainly in specific regions of the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and surrounding areas of Bohai Bay. Remote sensing-based PM_2.5 and O₃ mapping has the advantages of full-coverage and fine spatial simulation, which can support the regionalization of synergetic prevention and control areas and implementation of policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4293-4304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33502610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Establishment of High-Resolution Emissions Inventory in Wuhai and Its Application in Exploring the Causes of Ozone Pollution].","authors":"Rui-Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Chu,&nbsp;Chun-Lin Shang,&nbsp;Xi-Ping Cao,&nbsp;Guang-Yao Li,&nbsp;Yu-Fan Zhu,&nbsp;Xiao Liu,&nbsp;Jia-Qi Xia,&nbsp;Qiang Chen","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202201072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wuhai is a typical coking industrial base including three industrial parks within its jurisdiction. The emission amount of air pollutants is considerable here, and O₃ pollution has become serious in recent years. Clarifying the air pollutant emission characteristics and exploring the formation mechanism of O₃ are the basis for objectively understanding the O₃ pollution and formulating scientific prevention and control measures. This study established the high-resolution emission inventory of Wuhai in 2018 (HEI-WH18) based on the \"coefficient method,\" evaluated the applicability and accuracy of HEI-WH18 using the WRF-Chem model, and explored the causes of O₃ pollution in summer using WRF-Chem diagnosis module output. The HEI-WH18 showed that the total emissions amount of SO₂, NO_<i>x</i>, CO, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, VOCs, NH₃, BC, and OC were 65943, 40934, 172867, 159771, 47469, 69191, 1407, 1491, and 1648 t·a^-1, respectively. HEI-WH18 could capture the variation and magnitude of O₃ and its precursors better than the MEIC, which was suitable for the O₃ simulation and source analysis in summer. From the perspective of spatial distribution, Haibowan was a high-value area of O₃ during the daytime, and the three industrial parks were low-value areas of O₃ and high-value areas of NO₂ during the daytime and nighttime. The spatial distribution characteristics of CO were consistent with the spontaneous combustion of coal and coal gangue sources. According to the diagnostic analysis of two O₃ pollution processes, the O₃ increase in the upper boundary layer was mainly related to the advection transport and chemical process, and it was caused by vertical mixing and the advection transport process in the lower boundary layer. The contribution of the chemical process in the lower boundary layer was complicated, and its positive contribution played a role in maintaining a high O₃ concentration, whereas its negative contribution combined with advection transport resulted in the final dissipation of O₃ pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4327-4337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33502613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics and Causes of Groundwater Salinization in the Plain Area of the Lower Kashgar River].","authors":"Han Lu,&nbsp;Yan-Yan Zeng,&nbsp;Jin-Long Zhou,&nbsp;Ying Sun","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202201264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study revealed the distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater salinization in the plain area of the lower Kashgar River in Xinjiang, which can provide scientific basis for a local sustainable groundwater exploitation plan and practical significance for local water supply security and social stability. Fifteen phreatic water samples, 38 shallow confined groundwater samples, and 16 deep confined groundwater samples were collected in September 2018. Mathematical statistics, a Duorv diagram, PCA-APCS-MLR model, ion ratios, and hydrogeochemical simulations were comprehensively used for sample analysis. The results showed that groundwater was weakly alkaline in general (pH ranged between 6.48 and 8.60 with an average of 7.57), with total dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 573.0 to 16700.0 mg·L^-1. Groundwater was mainly composed of Cl^-, SO₄^2-, Na⁺, and Ca²⁺. The main groundwater hydrochemical types included were HCO₃·SO₄·Cl, SO₄, and SO₄·Cl. No brine was observed in the study area, phreatic water was mainly composed of brackish water and saline water, and confined groundwater was mainly composed of saline water. The salinization coefficient calculation results showed that the salinization degree gradually increased from phreatic water to deep confined groundwater. Evaporation concentration and lixiviation were the main factors leading to the salinization of groundwater. The dissolution and cation exchange of carbonate and silicate rocks gradually weakened from phreatic water to deep confined groundwater, whereas the dissolution of evaporite rock always dominated and was gradually strengthened, which was also the primary factor that caused the salinity of deep groundwater to be higher than that of shallow groundwater. Human activities such as agricultural fertilization, unreasonable use of surface water for irrigation, and improper treatment of domestic sewage had a certain impact on groundwater salinization. The leaking recharge of salt water from adjacent aquifers aggravated the groundwater salinization.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4459-4469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33502924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Roadmap of Coal Control and Carbon Reduction in the Steel Industry Under the Carbon Peak and Neutralization Target].","authors":"Ying-Lan Xue,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Jian Sun,&nbsp;Hong-Qiang Jiang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Dong Cao","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202201081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The low-carbon green transformation and the earlier peak in coal consumption and carbon emissions of the steel industry will make important contributions to the overall carbon peaking goal and high-quality economic development in China. Based on the carbon emission-energy integration model, we conducted a scenario study on the path of coal control and carbon reduction under the \"carbon peak and neutralization\" target of the steel industry. The results showed that the steel industry is likely to achieve a carbon peak in the early stage of the \"14^th Five-Year Plan,\" with a peak value of 1.64-1.67 billion tons (including process and indirect emissions), and coal will also peak together as the main form of energy consumption, with a peak value of 460-470 million tons of standard coal (including coke). In the most aggressive intensification scenario, coal consumption and carbon emissions will drop to 38% and 49%, respectively, in 2035. The yield of crude steel will largely dominate the carbon peaking of the steel industry. Promoting the short process of all-scrap electric furnaces and increasing the utilization of scrap steel are the most important measures to control coal and reduce carbon in the carbon peak stage. The roadmap for coal control and carbon reduction based on the forecasted results showed that, on the demand side, the yield of crude steel will reach its peak and begin to decline, with the level of industrialization and urbanization gradually reaching the level of developed countries, even without considering the constraints of the carbon peak and neutralization target, the growth of steel demand brought about by the construction of new energy-related infrastructure during the period of achieving carbon neutrality is relatively limited. In terms of technological progress, promoting the application of long-process energy-saving and carbon-reducing technology is a cost-effective measure in the short term, and by increasing the average ratio of blast furnace pellets at the same time, the carbon capture and storage technology will have greater carbon emission reduction potential in the long term. In terms of production capacity structure, promoting the short process of all-scrap electric furnaces is the main measure of the steel industry in the carbon peak stage, and the proportion of electric furnace steel will increase to 15%-20% by the end of the \"14^th Five-Year Plan\" period. Under the carbon neutrality target, hydrogen metallurgy is the only production process with ultra-low carbon emission potential. In the future, with the increase in the supply of green hydrogen produced by renewable energy or waste heat, hydrogen metallurgy will become a steel production process that is as important as the short process of electric furnaces based on scrap steel.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4392-4400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33503472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}