Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue最新文献

{"title":"[Variation Characteristics of Surface Water Quality in China in Recent Years].","authors":"Xiao-Yan Ji,&nbsp;Huan-Huan Hou,&nbsp;Shan-Shan Wang,&nbsp;Kai Yang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202111299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202111299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on data from 839 comparable sections (sites) of the national surface water environmental quality monitoring network from 2012 to 2020, the variation tendency of surface water environmental quality over the past nine years was analyzed. The results showed that the environmental quality of surface water in China has continuously improved, the proportion of Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ water quality increased steadily, and the proportion of inferior Grade Ⅴ water quality decreased in succession. The annual average concentration of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and permanganate index all showed a decreasing trend annually; compared with those in 2012, the three indicator concentrations respectively declined 75.9%, 48.2%, and 17.5% by 2020. In Guangxi, Hainan, and Ningxia, the proportion of Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ water quality sections was maintained at 100%, whereas Hubei and Jiangxi showed a consecutive decreasing trend, and the other provinces showed a consecutive increasing trend. In Guangxi, Hainan, Ningxia, Hunan, and Fujian, the proportion of inferior Grade Ⅴ water quality sections remained at 0, and the other provinces showed a decreasing trend yearly. The annual average concentration of total phosphorus in Guangxi and Jiangxi and the permanganate index in Hubei, Hainan, and Liaoning increased annually, whereas that in the other provinces decreased to varying degrees. The proportion of Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ water quality sections in Ten Major basins showed a fluctuating upward trend. The proportion of inferior Grade Ⅴ water quality in the Zhejiang and Fujian Slice Rivers was maintained at 0, and the other river basins showed a fluctuating and declining trend. The annual average of the main pollution indicators all decreased to varying degrees. In 2020, 53% of 32 important lakes were eutrophic, which increased 12% compared to that in 2012. On the whole, surface water quality has generally improved in China during the past nine years; especially since the 13^th Five-Year Plan period, remarkable achievements have been made in the prevention and control of water pollution. However, there are differences among various provinces and basins, the improvement in water environmental quality is unbalanced and uncoordinated, water resources are distributed unevenly, and the eutrophication trend of lakes and reservoirs is not optimistic. In the future, water resources, water environment, and water ecology should be overall managed, and great attention should be focused on precise pollution control and ecological restoration of surface water.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4419-4429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33503475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in Baiyangdian Lake].","authors":"Fei Zheng,&nbsp;Xin Guo,&nbsp;Ming-Yang Tang,&nbsp;Dong Zhu,&nbsp;Si-Jun Dong,&nbsp;Le Kang,&nbsp;Bing Chen","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202201075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To understand the spatial distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil of Baiyangdian Lake, 55 soil samples were collected and the contents of eight heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Ni) were detected. The spatial variation structure and distribution pattern were analyzed using geostatistical methods (Moran index and semi-variance model). The degree of heavy metal pollution and its risk were assessed using the geoaccumulation index (<i>I</i>_geo) and potential ecological risk index (<i>E</i>_r^<i>i</i> and RI). The results showed that the average of <i>ω</i>(Mn), <i>ω</i>(Cr), <i>ω</i>(Cu), <i>ω</i>(Zn), <i>ω</i>(As), <i>ω</i>(Cd), <i>ω</i>(Pb), and <i>ω</i>(Ni) were 467.75, 43.59, 28.57, 89.04, 12.32, 0.18, 19.26, and 30.56 mg·kg^-1, respectively, all of which were lower than the screening values of soil pollution risk in agricultural land. However, the contents of Cu, Zn, and Cd were significantly higher than their background values, with two highly variable elements of Cu (48.65%) and Cd (37.52%). The Moran index indicated that Mn, Cu, Cd, and Pb showed weak spatial autocorrelation. Nugget coefficients of both of Cd and Pb shown by the semi-variance model were 100%, suggesting random variation as a main spatial variation driven by anthropogenic factors. High values of soil heavy metals were mainly distributed in the southwest of Baiyangdian Lake with a significant correlation between the heavy metals. The <i>I</i>_geo of soil heavy metals from high to low was Cd>Cu>Zn>Ni>As>Pb>Mn>Cr. Cd pollution was the most common, in which 67.27% of the samples were lightly polluted. Ecological risk assessment revealed that the average <i>E</i>_r^<i>i</i> of Cd was 58.81, belonging to the middle ecological risk level, and the rest were at light ecological risk. As a whole, the RI of soil heavy metal pollution in Baiyangdian Lake was at a light ecological risk level (87.81), with the highest contribution rate of Cd to RI (66.39%). Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the control of soil heavy metal Cd pollution in Baiyangdian Lake in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4556-4565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33501414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Heavy Metal Emissions from Coal-fired Power Plants and Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics and Health Risks in Surrounding Soils].","authors":"Kai Che,&nbsp;Chong-Ming Chen,&nbsp;Qing-Yu Zheng,&nbsp;Hui Fan,&nbsp;Ming-Lei Wei,&nbsp;Peng Luo,&nbsp;Jin-Xing Yu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202201032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to reveal the influence of heavy metal emissions from the flue gas of coal-fired power plants on the surrounding soil environment. Seven heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Ni, were detected in the flue gas of six coal-fired power plants in Shijiazhuang, and the heavy metals in the soil surrounding the power plants were analyzed. The source analysis and health risk assessment of the heavy metals were carried out. The results showed that after a series of flue gas pollutant control measures, the emission concentrations of different heavy metals in the flue gas of the coal-fired power plants ranged from 0.11 to 6.32 mg·(MW·h)^-1, and Cu, Cr, and Ni were the main pollutants. The total amount of the seven heavy metal elements discharged into the atmosphere by each power plant was 33.56-275.71 kg·a^-1. The average contents of Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Ni in the surface soil surrounding the coal-fired power plant were higher than the background values of Hebei soil, and the contents were 1.16-2.32 times higher than the background values. The heavy metal content in the soil around the power plants was proportional to the heavy metal emissions in the flue gas. The heavy metal content in the soil under different wind directions first increased and then decreased gradually with the increase in distance from the power plants. Source analysis showed that coal combustion emissions contributed the most to heavy metals in soil around the power plants (41.4%), followed by industrial emissions (23.6%) and transportation emissions (19.6%). Altogether, human activities played a leading role in soil heavy metal enrichment, accounting for 84.6%. The health risk assessment showed that the overall health risk of metal elements in the soil surrounding the power plant was within acceptable limits.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4578-4589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33501416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mechanism of Lead-zinc Enrichment and Resistance of Spent Mushroom Compost to Lead-Zinc Slag in <i>Koelreuteria paniculata</i>].","authors":"Tian-Zhi Xie,&nbsp;Yong-Hua Chen,&nbsp;Rong-Kui Su,&nbsp;Hui Liu,&nbsp;Hai-Song Yao","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202112264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202112264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytoremediation is an ecological technique for tailing area restoration; adding substrate modifiers can reduce the stress of heavy metals on plants and enhance the restoration efficiency. The woody plant <i>Koelreuteria paniculata</i> was used as a test plant and potted in 100% tailings (S), 90% tailings+5% mushroom residue (SMC)+5% CaCO₃ (MS), and natural red soil (RS). The effects of physiological responses and tolerance enrichment effects on Pb and Zn tolerance in <i>K. paniculata</i> under different treatments were investigated to compare the growth morphology, microscopic morphological changes, and microbial diversity changes in each substrate of <i>K. paniculata</i> seedlings. The results showed that compared with the control group S, the MS treatment group could significantly improve the structure and fertility of the tailing substrates; significantly enhance the relevant physiological indicators such as biomass, plant height, and chlorophyll content of <i>K. paniculate</i>; and increase the accumulated heavy metal content in <i>K. paniculata</i>. In the treatment group, the overall physiological indexes of MS compared to RS biomass and plant height were promoted, and the total root length increased up to 69.3%, whereas the average root diameter of RS in the treatment group decreased 118.7% compared to that in the control group S. The MS treatment group showed a 266.67% increase in Pb and Zn residue state, a significant decrease in the weak acid extractable state and oxide-bound state compared to that in the control group S. The heavy metals were less active for plant migration. Furthermore, most of the heavy metals were trapped in the roots of <i>K. paniculata</i>, and the changes in its root conformation indicated its strong adaptability in the face of high Pb stress. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the higher concentration of heavy metals in the S control damaged the cell wall structure and caused toxic effects on plant cells. The addition of the modifier effectively alleviated the effects of heavy metal stress on various tissues of <i>K. paniculata</i>, affected the structure of microbial communities, significantly increased microbial richness and diversity, and enhanced the adaptability of <i>K. paniculata</i> to heavy metals and phytoremediation ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4687-4696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33501760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Establishment and Application of Foshan Ozone Concentration Forecast Equation].","authors":"Chen Chen,&nbsp;Ying-Ying Hong,&nbsp;Hao-Bo Tan,&nbsp;Shu-Ping Situ,&nbsp;Yin-Lin Cheng,&nbsp;Qiao-Li Bu,&nbsp;Meng Wu,&nbsp;Qiao-Ying Pan","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202112017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202112017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formation and changes of ozone (O₃), a secondary pollutant in the atmosphere, are complex, and ozone forecasting has become one of the current problems in air pollution prevention and control. In this study, the relationships between the near-surface O₃ concentration and meteorological elements (high- and low-level) in Foshan from 2014 to 2017 were analyzed, and the concentration forecasting equation was established, tested, and applied. The results showed that the near-surface O₃ changed closely related to high- and low-level meteorological elements. Meteorological elements such as temperature and sunshine hours were significantly positively correlated with O₃ concentration, whereas relative humidity, total (low) cloud cover, and wind speed were negatively correlated with O₃. Heavy O₃ pollution often occurred with meteorological conditions of low wind speed, sunny days and few clouds, low relative humidity, longer sunshine time, and higher temperature. The definitions of high-concentration O₃ potential index (HOPI) and wind direction index (WDI) in the Foshan area could better characterize the meteorological conditions of O₃ pollution. Considering 13 meteorological elements, such as HOPI and WDI at different heights, the O₃ concentration forecasting equation in the Foshan area was established using multi-indicator stacking and multiple stepwise regression methods. Using the 2018 data, it was found that the correlation coefficient <i>R</i> between the simulated values and the measured values reached 0.82, and the forecast equation had a good fitting effect and predictability.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4316-4326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33502612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Distribution Characteristics of Soil Phosphorus Forms and Phosphatase Activity at Different Altitudes in the Soil of Water-Level-Fluctuation Zone in Pengxi River, Three Gorges Reservoir].","authors":"Yi-Lun Gao,&nbsp;Fang Fang,&nbsp;Zi-Chao Tang,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Yan-Xue Jiang,&nbsp;Jin-Song Guo","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202111002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202111002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphatases play important roles in converting organic phosphorus into inorganic phosphorus in soil. However, studies from this perspective on the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of the Three Gorges Reservoir are limited. In this study, phosphatase activity and the forms of phosphorus were analyzed. Soil samples were collected in the river basin of the Penxi River in the WLFZ during a drying period. The correlation between phosphatase activity and phosphorus forms and the impacts of phosphatase activity on the phosphorus forms were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of H₂O-P_i, NaHCO₃-P_i, and NaOH-P_i in the soils of the WLFZ were higher than those in the soils by the river. In addition, a higher altitude resulted in higher contents of bio-enzymatically hydrolysable phosphorus and NaOH-P_o. Furthermore, redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the contents of organic matter and amorphous Fe and Mn were the main factors affecting soil organic phosphorus forms. The average activities of acid phosphomonoesterase (ACP), alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), phosphodiesterase (PDE) (all in <i>p</i>-NP), and phytase (PAE) (in P) in the soils of the WLFZ were 1.40, 2.60, 0.44, and 11.43 μmol·(g·h)^-1, respectively. Moreover, the activities of different phosphatases increased with altitude. Soil plant biomass and microbial biomass were important reasons for the difference in spatial distribution of phosphatase activity in the soil of the WLFZ. Phosphatase activities were significantly positively correlated with the contents of organic phosphorus forms but negatively correlated with the content of bioavailable phosphorus. A higher soil phosphatase activity and a lower content of bioavailable phosphorus were usually detected in soil samples taken at a higher altitude. In the early stage of flooding, phosphatase converted organic phosphorus into inorganic phosphorus at a relatively high rate, and the risk of phosphorus release to the overlying water body was also high. This study contributed to a comprehensive understanding of the geochemical cycle of soil phosphorus in the soil of the WLFZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4630-4638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of Colloids in Sediment and Soil on Their Sorption Behavior of Chloramphenicol].","authors":"Cai-Xia Yan,&nbsp;Yan-Qing Luo,&nbsp;Ming-Hua Nie,&nbsp;Xuan Zhou,&nbsp;Ming-Jun Ding","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202201209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural colloids (NCs) are ubiquitous in sediments and soils, which could affect the environmental fate of antibiotics. Focusing on chloramphenicol (CAP), different sources of the sediments and soil samples were selected to research the sorption capacity of NCs with different relative molecular weights towards CAP, as well as the impactors, combined with a multi-method approach including cross-flow ultrafiltration, dynamic light scattering, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that the low molecular weight (LMW) of NCs was associated with a low autochthonous origin and a higher humification degree. The high molecular weight (HMW) of NCs were mainly terrestrial sources, and the aromatic rings contained more oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups. Four fluorescence components were identified using the parallel factor analysis model, and the humic-like substances were the primary fluorescent components. Moreover, based on batch experiments, the study investigated the sorption behavior of CAP by the different fractions of the solid samples. The results showed that the sorption processes of CAP were well fitted by the linear model and Freundlich model. The average sorption rate of CAP by the original solid samples and the solid samples with removed organic and inorganic carbon were 4.46%, 3.93%, and 6.61%, respectively, indicating that organic carbon played an important role in the sorption behavior of CAP. The results of the sorption experiments indicated that CAP was more easily adsorbed on the LMW NCs that had a high degree of humification and a more aliphatic chain on the aromatic rings. In addition, tryptophan-like protein substances in NCs showed the inhibiting effect on the sorption progress of CAP. Redundancy analysis indicated that the sorption of CAP by NCs in sediment and soil was mainly related to the source, aromatics, oxygen functional groups on aromatic rings, humification degree, and humic-like substances of NCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4522-4535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33501411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impacts of Co-application of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Organic Material Amendment on Fluvo-aquic Soil Microbial N-cycling Functional Gene Abundances and N-converting Genetic Potentials in Northern China].","authors":"Sheng-Jun Li,&nbsp;He Hu,&nbsp;Gang Li,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Jian-Ning Zhao,&nbsp;Gui-Long Zhang,&nbsp;Wei-Ming Xiu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202201030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emerging environment-associated issues due to the overuse of inorganic fertilizers in agricultural production are of global concern despite the benefit of high yields. Eco-friendly organic materials with the capability to fertilize soil are encouraged to partially replace mineral fertilizer. The N cycle conducted by soil microorganisms is the most important biogeochemical process, dictating the N bioavailability in farmland ecosystems; however, little is known about how organic material amendment affects soil microbial N cycling under chemical fertilizer reduction. Hence, a fixed field trial with five fertilization practices was implemented to experimentally alter microorganisms essential for the soil N cycle, including conventional chemical fertilization (NPK), reduced chemical fertilization (NPKR), reduced chemical fertilization plus straw (NPKRS), reduced chemical fertilization plus organic fertilizer (NPKRO), and reduced chemical fertilization plus organic fertilizer and straw (NPKROS). The microbial N-cycling gene abundances and associated N-converting genetic potentials were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR. In comparison to conventional chemical fertilization (NPK), organic addition significantly increased the amounts of heterotrophic microbes involved in organic N decomposition, N fixation, and N reduction; however, it reduced autotrophic microbes performing ammonia oxidization. Consequently, the overall proportion of heterotrophic microbes was remarkably enhanced, and the autotrophic proportion was correspondingly lowered. The fertilization practice shift significantly improved N fixation and gaseous N emission potentials, whereas it suppressed NO₃^- leaching potential. A significant discrepancy among five fertilization treatments was observed based on functional gene abundances (PERMANOVA, <i>P</i>=0.002),as revealed by distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA), with NH₄⁺ as the dominant factor. Organic fertilizer addition was beneficial for heterotrophic N functional microorganisms, with simultaneous input of straw augmenting such an effect. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that N storage and gaseous N emission potentials were both substantially negatively correlated with NH₄⁺; NO₃^- leaching potential was notably negatively associated with SOC and TN but significantly related to NH₄⁺. In conclusion, chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic material amendments, a main fertilization recommendation, may enhance soil N storage, diminish N loss by leaching, and mitigate the environmental risk of N₂O emission. This deserves attention considering that healthy and sustainable agricultural soil environment can be cultivated from the view of microbial N-cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4735-4744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33501765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of a Typical Ozone Pollution Process in Guangzhou in Winter].","authors":"Cheng-Lei Pei,&nbsp;Yu-Tong Xie,&nbsp;Xi Chen,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao-Nuan Qiu,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Zai-Hua Wang,&nbsp;Mei Li","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202110168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202110168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focused on an ozone pollution event occurring in winter (January) in Guangzhou. Various influencing factors were analyzed, including various atmospheric trace gases, meteorological conditions during the whole pollution process, as well as the characteristics of the main O₃ precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The main sources of VOCs and the O₃ formation regime were analyzed using an array of tools:the ozone potential formation (OFP), positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, and empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA) curve. Feasible strategies for O₃ control were suggested. The results showed that O₃ and NO₂ exceeded the corresponding standards in this winter pollution event, when the concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were also high, differing from the air pollution characteristics in summer and autumn. Low boundary layer height (<75 m) and high atmospheric stability at night exacerbated the accumulation of ozone precursors and fine particles. Meteorological conditions such as the increased daytime temperature (5℃), stronger solar radiation (10%), and low horizontal wind speed (<1 m·s^-1) favored photochemical reactions and promoted the formation of ozone and fine particles. VOCs were mainly composed of alkanes, and the proportions of alkanes and alkynes in winter were higher than those in the other seasons. Aromatics (xylenes and toluene) and propylene were the key VOCs species leading to O₃ formation. The main VOCs sources were vehicle exhaust (22.4%), solvent usage (20.5%), and industrial emissions (17.9%); however, the source with highest OFP was identified as solvent usage. O₃ formation in this event was in the VOCs-limited regime, and reducing O₃ precursors in the VOCs/NO_<i>x</i> ratio of 3:1 was effective and feasible for O₃ control. This study explored the causes of an O₃ pollution event in winter, which will serve as reference for the synergistic control of O₃ and PM_2.5 in heavy pollution seasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4305-4315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33502611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characterization of VOCs Emissions from Caged Broiler House in Winter].","authors":"Tian-Tian Cao,&nbsp;Yun-Hao Zheng,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Yue Wang,&nbsp;Qun-Xin Cong,&nbsp;Yuan-Hao Wang,&nbsp;Hong-Min Dong","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202112225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202112225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile organic compound (VOCs) emissions from poultry and livestock facilities affect the surrounding environmental quality and human health. However, VOCs emissions from broiler houses have been less characterized, and studies of related dominant odorants, carcinogenic risk, and ozone formation potential are still lacking. To fill this research gap, VOCs pollutants emitted from a broiler house were investigated in this study. The VOCs emission characteristics of the broiler house during three different periods of broiler growth (early, middle, and later) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that 77 types of VOCs were detected, including 16 types of halogenated hydrocarbons, 21 types of alkanes, 5 types of olefins, 12 types of aromatic hydrocarbons, 15 types of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), and 8 types of sulfides. During the entire 42-day growth period, the concentrations of halogenated hydrocarbons, alkanes, olefin, aromatic hydrocarbons, and OVOCs in the broiler house showed few changes. However, with the growth of broilers, the intake of sulfur-containing amino acids and the fecal emission coefficient increased, resulting in the gradual conversion of the VOCs to sulfide. Therefore, emissions of sulfur-containing VOCs increased in the early and middle growth periods. Moreover, the increase in ventilation in the house during the later growth period resulted in a decrease in the sulfur-containing VOCs concentrations. The dominant odorants in the broiler house were naphthalene, ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde, carbon disulfide, dimethyl disulfide, methanethiol, methanethiol, and thiophene. Methanethiol had the highest odorous values, ranging from 2172.4 to 19090.9. Meanwhile, there were acceptable levels of carcinogenic risk in the early and middle growth periods, with a lifetime cancer risk (LCR) of 7.7×10^-6 and 4.5×10^-6, respectively. The average ozone formation potential (OFP) was (1458.9±787.4) μg·m^-3. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the monitoring of malodorous substances and formulation of emission reduction strategies in broiler production.</p>","PeriodicalId":172067,"journal":{"name":"Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue","volume":"43 10","pages":"4357-4366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33503469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}