Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease最新文献

{"title":"Sex‐Based Differences in Outcomes Following Peripheral Artery Revascularization: Insights From VOYAGER PAD","authors":"Connie N. Hess, I. Baumgartner, Sonia S Anand, M. Nehler, M. Patel, E. S. Debus, M. Szarek, W. Capell, E. Muehlhofer, S. Berkowitz, L. Haskell, R. Bauersachs, M. Bonaca, Judith Hsia","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.121.024655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.024655","url":null,"abstract":"Background Despite high female prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD), little is known about sex‐based outcomes after lower extremity revascularization (LER) for symptomatic PAD. The effects of rivaroxaban according to sex following LER have not been fully reported. Methods and Results In VOYAGER PAD (Vascular Outcomes Study of ASA [acetylsalicylic acid] Along with Rivaroxaban in Endovascular or Surgical Limb Revascularization for Peripheral Artery Disease), low‐dose rivaroxaban versus placebo on a background of aspirin reduced the composite primary efficacy outcome of cardiovascular and limb events in patients with PAD undergoing LER. Unplanned index limb revascularization was prespecified and prospectively ascertained. The primary safety outcome was Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major bleeding. Analyses of outcomes and treatment effects by sex were performed using Cox proportional hazards models. Among 6564 randomly assigned patients followed for a median of 28 months, 1704 (26.0%) were women. Among patients administered placebo, women were at similar risk for the primary efficacy outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.90; [95% CI, 0.74–1.09]; P=0.29) as men, while female sex was associated with a trend toward higher risk of unplanned index limb revascularization (HR, 1.18; [95% CI, 1.00–1.40]; P=0.0499). Irrespective of sex, effects of rivaroxaban were consistent for the primary efficacy outcome (P‐interaction=0.22), unplanned index limb revascularization (P‐interaction=0.64), and bleeding (P‐interaction=0.61). Women were more likely than men to discontinue study treatment (HR, 1.13; [95% CI, 1.03–1.25]; P=0.0099). Conclusions Among >1700 women with PAD undergoing LER, women and men were at similar risk for the primary outcome, but a trend for greater risk of unplanned index limb revascularization among women was observed. Effects of rivaroxaban were consistent by sex, though women more often discontinued treatment. Better understanding of sex‐based outcomes and treatment adherence following LER is needed. Registration URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02504216.","PeriodicalId":17189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75052281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Value of Exercise Capacity in Kidney Transplant Candidates","authors":"Sean Tan, Y. Thang, W. Mulley, K. Polkinghorne, S. Ramkumar, K. Cheng, J. Chan, J. Galligan, M. Nolan, A. Brown, S. Moir, J. Cameron, Stephen J. Nicholls, P. Mottram, N. Nerlekar","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.121.025862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.025862","url":null,"abstract":"Background Exercise stress testing for cardiovascular assessment in kidney transplant candidates has been shown to be a feasible alternative to pharmacologic methods. Exercise stress testing allows the additional assessment of exercise capacity, which may have prognostic value for long‐term cardiovascular outcomes in pre‐transplant recipients. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of exercise capacity on long‐term cardiovascular outcomes in kidney transplant candidates. Methods and Results We retrospectively evaluated exercise capacity in 898 consecutive kidney transplant candidates between 2013 and 2020 who underwent symptom‐limited exercise stress echocardiography for pre‐transplant cardiovascular assessment. Exercise capacity was measured by age‐ and sex‐predicted metabolic equivalents (METs). The primary outcome was incident major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as cardiac death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke. Cox proportional hazard multivariable modeling was performed to define major adverse cardiovascular events predictors with transplantation treated as a time‐varying covariate. A total of 429 patients (48%) achieved predicted METs. During follow‐up, 93 (10%) developed major adverse cardiovascular events and 525 (58%) underwent transplantation. Achievement of predicted METs was independently associated with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49; [95% CI 0.29–0.82], P=0.007), as was transplantation (HR, 0.52; [95% CI 0.30–0.91], P=0.02). Patients achieving predicted METs on pre‐transplant exercise stress echocardiography had favorable outcomes that were independent (HR, 0.78; [95% CI 0.32–1.92], P=0.59) and of similar magnitude to subsequent transplantation (HR, 0.97; [95% CI 0.42–2.25], P=0.95). Conclusions Achievement of predicted METs on pre‐transplant exercise stress echocardiography confers excellent prognosis independent of and of similar magnitude to subsequent kidney transplantation. Future studies should assess the benefit on exercise training in this population.","PeriodicalId":17189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87640868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Familial History of Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Stroke, or Myocardial Infarction With Risk of Kawasaki Disease","authors":"J. Kwak, E. K. Ha, J. Kim, Hye Ryung Cha, Seung Won Lee, M. Han","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.121.023840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.023840","url":null,"abstract":"Background There are few studies on the association with Kawasaki disease in children and the family’s history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to identify the association of increased risks for Kawasaki disease in children with a family history of CVD. Methods and Results Clinical data of children born in 2008 and 2009 (n=917 707) were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children for this study. The cohort consisted of 495 215 participants (53.8%) who completed the family history questionnaire for children 54 to 60 months old. Family history of CVD included 5 medical conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. Kawasaki disease was defined using the disease code, intravenous immunoglobulin prescription, and use of antipyretics for more than 25 days. Severe Kawasaki disease was defined as diagnosis of accompanied cardiac/coronary artery complications or intravenous immunoglobulin use ≥2 times. The incidence rate of Kawasaki disease was 124/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 117.5–131.5) for children <2 years old, 95/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 90.5–100.4) in children 2 to 5 years old, and 14/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 12.6–15.6) in children >5 years old. After propensity‐score matching, 829 participants with a family history of CVD were diagnosed as having Kawasaki disease (0.68% [95% CI, 0.63–0.72]), and 690 patients with Kawasaki disease (0.56% [95% CI, 0.52–0.61]) had no family history of CVD. The family history of CVD was associated with increased risk for Kawasaki disease (risk ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.08–1.32]) but not for severe Kawasaki disease (risk ratio, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.92–1.65]). Conclusions In this nationwide propensity‐score matched study, those with a family history of CVD had a significantly greater risk of Kawasaki disease compared with those who had no family history of CVD.","PeriodicalId":17189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82908319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There an Obesity Paradox in Cardiogenic Shock?","authors":"C. Lavie, A. daSilva-deAbreu, H. Ventura, M. Mehra","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.122.026088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.122.026088","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity has reached epidemic levels in the United States and in much of the Westernized world.1– 3 The majority of the US population is now either overweight or obese (75%), and 42% meet the current body mass index criteria (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) for obesity, with 9% meeting criteria for severe, class III obesity (formerly called morbid obesity with a BMI ≥40 kg/ m2 or a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or higher and experiencing obesityrelated health conditions).1 Obesity adversely influences cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by its intersection with major CVD risk factors, including worsening of arterial pressure and glucose intolerance, thus leading to metabolic syndrome and diabetes and worsening lipids, especially triglyceride levels. Not only is obesity associated with worsening inflammation, but it also increases the prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease, all of which conspire to cause heart failure (HF). Thus, obesity increases the risk of HF, especially HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF) more so than HF with reduced EF. As reviewed elsewhere3,4 obesity is associated with development of atrial fibrillation, worsened renal function, venous thromboembolism, and respiratory illness, all of which alone and together can worsen HF prognosis. Despite the increased health risks associated with obesity, considerable focus has centered on the “obesity paradox” (wherein individuals with overweight or obesity and CVD have a better shortand mediumterm prognosis than do leaner patients with the same degree of disease) among patients with CVD, endstage renal disease, pulmonary diseases (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and complications from infections.2,3,5– 8 Particularly, an obesity paradox has been noted with both HF with reduced EF and HF with preserved EF, manifest by a lower overall and CVDmortality in people who are overweight or mildly obese, whereas hospitalizations seem to be increased as obesity progresses to severe.9,10 In advanced stages of HF and especially in states of therapy for such a condition such as use of left ventricular assist devices or heart transplantation, the presence of obesity perpetuates complications and worsens survival.11,12 Similarly, an obesity paradox has not been demonstrated in cardiogenic shock. Recently, Sreenivasan and colleagues13 did not find an obesity paradox in a large US population of cardiogenic shock (CS) compared with those who were nonobese, and moderate and severe obesity had progressively higher mortality.13,14 In this issue of the Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA), Kwon and colleagues15 studied 1227 patients with CS from a South Korean registry and classified patients as obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 based","PeriodicalId":17189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86616019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methadone Blockade of Cardiac Inward Rectifier K+ Current Augments Membrane Instability and Amplifies U Waves on Surface ECGs: A Translational Study","authors":"Michael G Klein, M. Krantz, N. Fatima, A. Watters, Dayan Colon-Sanchez, R. Geiger, R. Goldstein, S. Solhjoo, P. Mehler, T. Flagg, M. Haigney","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.121.023482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.023482","url":null,"abstract":"Background Methadone is associated with a disproportionate risk of sudden death and ventricular tachyarrhythmia despite only modest inhibition of delayed rectifier K+ current (I Kr), the principal mechanism of drug‐associated arrhythmia. Congenital defects of inward rectifier K+ current (I K1) have been linked to increased U‐wave amplitude on ECG and fatal arrhythmia. We hypothesized that methadone may also be a potent inhibitor of I K1, contributing to delayed repolarization and manifesting on surface ECGs as augmented U‐wave integrals. Methods and Results Using a whole‐cell voltage clamp, methadone inhibited both recombinant and native I K1 with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration IC50) of 1.5 μmol/L, similar to that observed for I Kr block (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.9 μmol/L). Methadone modestly increased the action potential duration at 90% repolarization and slowed terminal repolarization at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, action potential duration at 90% repolarization lengthening was abolished, but its effect on terminal repolarization rose steadily and correlated with increased fluctuations of diastolic membrane potential. In parallel, patient ECGs were analyzed before and after methadone initiation, with 68% of patients having a markedly increased U‐wave integral compared with premethadone (lead V3; mean +38%±15%, P=0.016), along with increased QT and TPeak to TEnd intervals, likely reflective of I Kr block. Conclusions Methadone is a potent I K1 inhibitor that causes augmentation of U waves on surface ECG. We propose that increased membrane instability resulting from I K1 block may better explain methadone’s arrhythmia risk beyond I Kr inhibition alone. Drug‐induced augmentation of U waves may represent evidence of blockade of multiple repolarizing ion channels, and evaluation of the effect of that agent on I K1 may be warranted.","PeriodicalId":17189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79533085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pericarditis and Autoinflammation: A Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Patients With Idiopathic Recurrent Pericarditis and Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases at a National Referral Center","authors":"Claire J Peet, D. Rowczenio, E. Omoyinmi, C. Papadopoulou, B. R. Mapalo, Michael R. Wood, F. Capon, H. Lachmann","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.121.024931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.024931","url":null,"abstract":"Background Idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (IRP) is an orphan disease that carries significant morbidity, partly driven by corticosteroid dependence. Innate immune modulators, colchicine and anti‐interleukin‐1 agents, pioneered in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in trials, suggesting that autoinflammation may contribute to IRP. This study characterizes the phenotype of patients with IRP and monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, and establishes whether autoinflammatory disease genes are associated with IRP. Methods and Results We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with IRP (n=136) and monogenic autoinflammatory diseases (n=1910) attending a national center (London, UK) between 2000 and 2021. We examined 4 genes (MEFV, MVK, NLRP3, TNFRSF1A) by next‐generation sequencing in 128 patients with IRP and compared the frequency of rare deleterious variants to controls obtained from the Genome Aggregation Database. In this cohort of patients with IRP, corticosteroid dependence was common (39/136, 28.7%) and was associated with chronic pain (adjusted odds ratio 2.8 [95% CI, 1.3–6.5], P=0.012). IRP frequently manifested with systemic inflammation (raised C‐reactive protein [121/136, 89.0%] and extrapericardial effusions [68/136, 50.0%]). Pericarditis was observed in all examined monogenic autoinflammatory diseases (0.4%–3.7% of cases). Rare deleterious MEFV variants were more frequent in IRP than in ancestry‐matched controls (allele frequency 9/200 versus 2932/129 200, P=0.040). Conclusions Pericarditis is a feature of interleukin‐1 driven monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and IRP is associated with variants in MEFV, a gene involved in interleukin‐1β processing. We also found that corticosteroid dependence in IRP is associated with chronic noninflammatory pain. Together these data implicate autoinflammation in IRP and support reducing reliance on corticosteroids in its management.","PeriodicalId":17189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75565095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the Obesity Paradox Between Sexes on In‐Hospital Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"W. Kwon, Seung Hun Lee, Jeong Hoon Yang, K. Choi, T. Park, J. Lee, Y. Song, J. Hahn, Seung‐Hyuk Choi, C. Ahn, Y. Ko, C. Yu, W. Jang, Hyun-Joong Kim, S. Kwon, J. Jeong, Sang-Don Park, Sungsoo Cho, J. Bae, H. Gwon","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.121.024143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.024143","url":null,"abstract":"Background Several studies have shown that obesity is associated with better outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). Although this phenomenon, the “obesity paradox,” reportedly manifests differently based on sex in other disease entities, it has not yet been investigated in patients with CS. Methods and Results A total of 1227 patients with CS from the RESCUE (Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study to Investigate Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Left Ventricular Assist Device for Korean Patients With Cardiogenic Shock) registry in Korea were analyzed. The study population was classified into obese and nonobese groups according to Asian Pacific criteria (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 for obese). The clinical impact of obesity on in‐hospital mortality according to sex was analyzed using logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline curves. The in‐hospital mortality rate was significantly lower in obese men than nonobese men (34.2% versus 24.1%, respectively; P=0.004), while the difference was not significant in women (37.3% versus 35.8%, respectively; P=0.884). As a continuous variable, higher BMI showed a protective effect in men; conversely, BMI was not associated with clinical outcomes in women. Compared with patients with normal weight, obesity was associated with a decreased risk of in‐hospital death in men (multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.63; CI, 0.43–0.92 [P=0.016]), but not in women (multivariable‐adjusted OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.55–1.61 [P=0.828]). The interaction P value for the association between BMI and sex was 0.023. Conclusions The obesity paradox exists and apparently occurs in men among patients with CS. The differential effect of BMI on in‐hospital mortality was observed according to sex. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02985008.","PeriodicalId":17189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76286474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiopathic Recurrent Pericarditis: Not Really So Idiopathic?","authors":"F. Roubille, C. Delmas, C. Roubille","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.122.026218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.122.026218","url":null,"abstract":"In this issue of the Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA), Peet1 challenges the current concept of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (IRP). Indeed, “idiopathic” means “arising spontaneously or from an obscure or unknown cause,” which implies that the pathophysiology is not established, and the treatment should remain empirical. In 2 words, behind this learned word, we hide our ignorance.","PeriodicalId":17189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77826930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Screening for Cardiac Sarcoidosis in Patients With Atrioventricular Block Requiring Temporary Pacing","authors":"Aino-Maija Vuorinen, J. Lehtonen, S. Pakarinen, M. Holmström, S. Kivistö, T. Kaasalainen","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.121.024257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.024257","url":null,"abstract":"Background Some myocardial diseases, such as cardiac sarcoidosis, predispose to complete atrioventricular block. The European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on cardiac pacing in 2021 recommend myocardial disease screening in patients with conduction disorder requiring pacemaker with multimodality imaging, including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. The ability of CMR imaging to detect myocardial disease in patients with a temporary pacing wire is not well documented. Methods and Results Our myocardial disease screening protocol is based on using an active fixation pacing lead connected to a reusable extracorporeal pacing generator (temporary permanent pacemaker) as a bridge to a permanent pacemaker. From 2011 to 2019, we identified 17 patients from our CMR database who underwent CMR imaging with a temporary permanent pacemaker for atrioventricular block. We analyzed their clinical presentations, CMR data, and pacemaker therapy. All CMRs were performed without adverse events. Pacing leads induced minor artifacts to the septal myocardial segments. The extent of late gadolinium enhancement in CMR imaging was used to screen patients for the presence of myocardial disease. Patients with evidence of late gadolinium enhancement underwent endomyocardial biopsy. If considered clinically indicated, also 18‐F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and extracardiac tissue biopsy were performed if sarcoidosis was suspected. Eventually, 8 of 17 patients (47.1%) were diagnosed with histologically confirmed granulomatous inflammatory cardiac disease. Importantly, only 1 had a previously diagnosed extracardiac sarcoidosis at the time of presentation with high‐degree atrioventricular block. Conclusions CMR imaging with temporary permanent pacemaker protocol is an effective and safe early screening tool for myocardial disease in patients presenting with atrioventricular block requiring immediate, continuous pacing for bradycardia.","PeriodicalId":17189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91370540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arrhythmogenesis and Prolonged Repolarization From Synthetic Opioids: Finally Sorted?","authors":"L. Eckhardt","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.122.025778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.122.025778","url":null,"abstract":"The synthetic opioid methadone has long been recognized to cause not only QT prolongation on ECG but also a predilection for torsade de pointes.1,2 Despite the limited distribution of the drug in comparison to other opioids, methadone use has been inordinately implicated in sudden death from ventricular arrhythmia.3 However, the full mechanistic scope of why this drug is arrhythmogenic has been unresolved.","PeriodicalId":17189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88308538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}