Journal of texture studies最新文献

{"title":"Dairy versus non-dairy cheese texture: Sensory and instrumental contrasts","authors":"Scott Hutchings,&nbsp;Renna Alfante,&nbsp;Noby Jacob,&nbsp;Simon M. Loveday","doi":"10.1111/jtxs.12863","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jtxs.12863","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With growing consumer demand for plant-based products that mimic the eating experience of animal-based products, there is a need for improvement in instrumental measurements of sensory texture. This study aimed to characterize textural differences between dairy and non-dairy cheeses, and to investigate whether Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) rheometry could discriminate sensory texture better than Texture profile analysis. Commercial dairy and non-dairy cheddar, mozzarella, and cream cheese were selected to provide a wide range of textures. Sensory evaluation used the check-all-that-apply methodology with 73 consumers. Texture profile analysis force-distance data were analyzed empirically, and also converted to stress and strain (see https://shiny.csiro.au/texture_dash). The major textural differences between dairy and non-dairy cheddar were related to structural cohesion, according to both instrumental measures (dairy cheddar had 1.5-fold higher failure stress and 2.2-fold higher failure strain) and sensory measurements (dairy cheddar was more chewy and less crumbly). In contrast, cream cheeses showed similar textural properties using sensory testing but significant instrumental differences (non-dairy cream cheese had 5.7-fold higher modulus of deformability, 4.7-fold higher failure stress). For mozzarella, there were large differences in both sensory attributes (chewy, crumbly, jelly-like, stretchy) and instrumental parameters (13.6-fold difference in modulus, 2.7-fold difference in failure stress). LAOS rheometry gave insights into the mechanisms by which samples absorbed or dissipated mechanical energy at nonlinear strains. The LAOS parameter <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 <mo>′</mo>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mo>′</mo>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {G}_3^{prime }/{G}_1^{prime } $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> correlated well with sensory attributes creamy, fatty/oily, and moist, indicating the potential of this technique to measure structural phenomena linked to sensory attributes that resonate with consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of texture studies","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jtxs.12863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chasing the chill: Unveiling the dynamic flavors and textures of ice cream formulations","authors":"Aurora Pintor-Jardines,&nbsp;Mariana Luque-Ramírez,&nbsp;Paula Varela,&nbsp;Hector Escalona-Buendia,&nbsp;Patricia Severiano-Pérez","doi":"10.1111/jtxs.12862","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jtxs.12862","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, nine commercial ice creams and four prototypes were assessed. For the sensory analysis, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), and temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) methodology were used. According to the QDA results, full-composition ice cream showed significantly higher differences (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) in terms such as vanilla and sweet flavors, brightness, creamy texture and appearance, and viscosity, exhibiting longer melting times. Functional ice creams showed significantly higher differences (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) in terms like viscosity, creamy texture, and appearance. On the other hand, agave fructans in prototype ice creams were found to be able to reduce fat, but not fat and sugar simultaneously, showing a significant decrease (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) in terms such as hardness, crystallized texture, gummy texture, and porosity. Based on the PCA results, the analysis accounted for 75.28% of data variability. Full-composition ice creams and one functional ice cream were related to terms such as viscosity, fatty sensation, creamy texture and appearance, dense, gummy, among others. The rest of the commercial ice creams were related to vanilla and caramel flavor and smell, artificial aftertaste, aerated, porosity, among others. Prototype ice creams were related to hard texture, salty and milk flavor, and crystallized texture. Based on the results of the TDS method, all formulations were found to be significantly dominant (5%) in terms such as vanilla flavor and sweet flavor at the beginning of the test. Formulations containing butyric fat and/or vegetable fat, or agave fructans were significantly dominant (5%) in fatty sensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of texture studies","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jtxs.12862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological, textural, and swallowing characteristics of xanthan gum-modified Riceberry porridge for patients with dysphagia","authors":"Pakanun Charoensri,&nbsp;Sam Aspinall,&nbsp;Fang Liu,&nbsp;Kongkarn Kijroongrojana","doi":"10.1111/jtxs.12853","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jtxs.12853","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The incidence and prevalence of dysphagia worldwide are increasing yearly requiring a change in food texture to avoid malnutrition, dehydration, or sever complications. Riceberry porridges fortified with protein hydrolysate (1.5%), bio-calcium (589 mg), and thickened with xanthan gum (XG) of varying concentrations (0%, 0.255, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) showed suitability for use in enriching diets of these patients. Porridges were examined using specified tests from the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) and National Dysphagia Diet (NDD), and coupled with rheological, textural analyses, in vitro swallowing simulator and sensory analysis performed by a trained panel. Porridges with 0%–0.25% and 0.50%–2.0% XG were classified as IDDSI level 3 and 4, respectively, and apparent viscosities of porridges showed samples with XG displayed shear thinning behavior beneficial for patients with dysphagia. Increasing XG concentrations increased the consistency coefficient and decreased the flow behavior index (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) with positive correlation of XG concentration with textural properties including firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and stickiness values. The relationship between instrumental measurements, in vitro and in vivo swallowing behavior showed high correlations with regards to XG concentration (<i>r</i> = .995). The findings indicate Riceberry porridges containing XG have significantly improved textural properties over those without XG for patients with dysphagia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of texture studies","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jtxs.12853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrocolloid-based fruit fillings: A comprehensive review on formulation, techno-functional properties, synergistic mechanisms, and applications","authors":"Masud Alam,&nbsp;Basharat Nabi Dar,&nbsp;Vikas Nanda","doi":"10.1111/jtxs.12861","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jtxs.12861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study offers a comprehensive review of current developments regarding the utilization of diverse hydrocolloids in formulating fruit fillings across different fruit types, their impact on textural attributes, rheological properties, thermal stability, syneresis, and nutritional advantages of fillings and optimization of its characteristics to align with consumer preferences. The review also focuses on the various factors influencing fruit fillings, including the selection of fruits, processing methodologies, the inherent nature and concentration of hydrocolloids, and their synergistic interactions. In depth, scientific work on the impact of the parameters such as pH, total soluble solids, and sugar content within the fruit fillings was also discussed. Additionally, this article focuses on the utilization of the diverse fruit fillings developed by using hydrocolloids in bakery products including pastry, tartlet, muffins, cookies, and so forth. The review establishes that hydrocolloids offer a spectrum of techno-functional attributes conducive to strengthening both the structural and thermal stability of fruit fillings, consequently extending their shelf life. It further establishes that incorporating of hydrocolloids facilitates the development of healthier food products by mitigating the necessity of excessive sugar or various other less favorable ingredients. The incorporation of fruit fillings in bakery products significantly increases the value proposition of these baked goods, contributing to their overall enhancement of quality and sensory value.</p>","PeriodicalId":17175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of texture studies","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of adding papain to sous vide cooking on texture and sensorial traits of marinated semitendinosus beefsteaks","authors":"Thales Leandro Coutinho de Oliveira,&nbsp;Marcelo Stefanini Tanaka,&nbsp;Jeferson Leandro Rezende,&nbsp;Lorena Mendes Rodrigues,&nbsp;Alcinéia de Lemos Sousa Ramos,&nbsp;Eduardo Mendes Ramos","doi":"10.1111/jtxs.12860","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jtxs.12860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Sous vide</i> meat is an emerging food category, the consumption of which has increased owing to greater convenience, sensory traits, elderly consumers acceptance, and low-cost cuts use. However, required prolonged thermal treatment to achieve desired tenderness, impact energy-consumption besides triggering lipid oxidation, undesired off-flavors, and cooked meat profiles. Using a response surface methodology (RSM), this study evaluated the effects of the vegetal proteolytic papain (0 to 20 mg/kg) and low-temperature <i>sous vide</i> cooking (SVC) time (1 to 8 h at 65°C) in low-value marinated M. <i>semitendinosus</i> beefsteaks on technological characteristics associated with tenderness, and lipid oxidation. Additionally, the sensory profile traits of the pre-selected treatments were described using check-all-that-apply (CATA) and preference mapping. Shear force (WBsSF) was reduced with greater papain addition, whereas higher cooking losses (CL) were observed with longer SVC cooking times. Both the released total collagen and TBARS values increased with increasing papain concentrations and SVC times. Combining high levels of papain (&gt;10 mg/kg) and SVC time (&gt;6 h) resulted in lower WBsSF values (&lt;20 N) but higher CL (&gt;27%) and the CATA descriptors “aftertaste” and “mushy.” The optimized conditions (14 mg/kg papain; 2 h SVC) also reduced WBsSF values (&lt;26 N) with lower CL (&lt;20%) and were most preferred and described as “juicy” and “tender” by consumers. Observed results suggest that combined mild SVC and papain may potentiate tenderness, conjointly favor juiciness and oxidation, further representing a promising tool for reducing SVC time without compromising valued <i>sous vide</i> sensory traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":17175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of texture studies","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological and sensory properties of chickpea and quinoa pastes and gels for plant-based product development","authors":"Andrés Viadel,&nbsp;Laura Laguna,&nbsp;Amparo Tárrega","doi":"10.1111/jtxs.12858","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jtxs.12858","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the modification of mechanical, rheological, and sensory properties of chickpea pastes and gels by incorporating other ingredients (olive oil or quinoa flour), to develop plant-based alternatives that meet consumer demands for healthy, natural, and enjoyable food products. The pastes and gels were made with different amounts of chickpea flour (9% and 12%, respectively). For each product, a first set of products with different oil content and a second set with quinoa flour (either added or replaced) were produced. The viscoelastic properties of the pastes and the mechanical properties of the gels were measured. Sensory evaluation and preference assessment were carried out with 100 participants using ranking tests. The study found remarkable differences in rheological, mechanical, and sensory properties of chickpea products upon the inclusion of oil and quinoa flour. The addition of oil increased the viscosity and decreased the elastic contribution to the viscoelasticity of the pastes, while it improved the firmness and plasticity in gels. It also increased the creaminess and preference of both pastes and gels. Replacing chickpea with quinoa flour resulted in less viscous pastes and gels with less firmness and more plasticity. In terms of sensory properties, the use of quinoa as a replacement ingredient resulted in less lumpiness in the chickpea paste and less consistency and more creaminess in both the pastes and gels, which had a positive effect on preference. The addition of quinoa increased the viscosity of pastes and the firmness and stiffness of gels. It increased the consistency and creaminess of both pastes and gels. Quinoa flour and/or olive oil are suitable ingredients in the formulation of chickpea-based products. They contribute to the structure of the system, providing different textural properties that improve acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of texture studies","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jtxs.12858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological properties of real foods using extended Stribeck curves and their relationship with nutritional and rheological parameters","authors":"Jung Sun Hong,&nbsp;Mi-Ran Kim,&nbsp;Yoo Jeong Choi,&nbsp;In-Young Lee,&nbsp;Yong Gi Chun,&nbsp;Hae Won Jang,&nbsp;Bum-Keun Kim","doi":"10.1111/jtxs.12857","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jtxs.12857","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The tribological properties of 19 commercial food products, grouped into six categories (yogurt, dressings, spreads, porridges, emulsified sauces, and syrups) were investigated in relation to their rheological (dynamic oscillatory shear test) and nutritional properties (fat, carbohydrate, and protein). A tribological system (a glass ball and three polydimethylsiloxane pins) generated the extended Stribeck curve, monitoring friction factors (<i>f</i>) over an extended range of sliding speed (<i>v</i>) (10⁻⁸ to 10⁰ m/s). Tribological parameters (<i>f</i>, <i>v</i>) at four inflection points dividing the frictional regimes (X₁, breakaway point between the static and kinetic regimes; X₁–X₂, boundary; X₂–X₃, mixed; X₃–X₄, hydrodynamic regimes) and the slope between X₃ and X₄ (<i>s</i>) were subjected to principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering on principal components, using rheological and nutritional parameters as quantitative supplementary variables. Tribological patterns were predominantly influenced by viscosity, viscoelasticity, yield stress, fat content, and the presence of particles (e.g., sugar, proteins, and fibers) and pasting materials (e.g., starches and modified starches). The 19 tribological patterns were classified into 3 clusters: low <i>f</i> and <i>s</i> for fat- and/or viscoelastic-dominant foods (Cluster 1), low <i>f</i> and high <i>s</i> for food emulsions and/or those with low extent of shear-thinning (Cluster 2), and high <i>f</i> at the boundary regime either for the most viscous foods or for those in the presence of particulates (Cluster 3). These results suggest that the compositional and rheological properties have a more profound impact on the classification of complex tribological patterns than the categories of food products.</p>","PeriodicalId":17175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of texture studies","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jtxs.12857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of temperature on the rheological, textural, and sensory properties of butters from New Zealand market","authors":"X. Yang,&nbsp;A. Saunders,&nbsp;M. S. Mohan","doi":"10.1111/jtxs.12859","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jtxs.12859","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Texture and sensory studies at various temperatures are important in evaluating and improving the functionality of butter. While literature is scarce, we evaluated and compared the effect of temperature (5–25°C) on the texture, rheological and sensory properties of commercial butter samples (salted, unsalted, cultured, and spreadable) from the New Zealand market. In addition, the instrumental analyses were compared with the sensory evaluation, to understand the possibility of using instrumental analysis to evaluate consumer liking for different butters. Butter type, temperature, and their type–temperature interaction exhibited significant differences for all instrumental textural parameters. As expected, higher temperature produced softer butter that was more spreadable, liquid-like, less adhesive, less cohesive, had lower storage modulus (<i>G</i>′) and lower loss modulus (<i>G</i>″) with the melting of milk fat crystals; however, the rate of change varied for the different butter samples. We have established meltability as the parameter for evaluating butter selection for different applications. The spreadable butter sample exhibited the lowest hardness and <i>G</i>′, and highest spreadability (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) at all temperatures, owing to its low solid fat content and the abundance of low-melting triglycerides. The cultured butter sample had the highest melting point, owing to compositional differences. The instrumental and sensory texture analyses were highly correlated, indicating the comparative effectiveness of both approaches for studying the effects of different temperatures on butter textural properties. Overall, our findings provide detailed reference to the dairy industry for butter manufacture, considering variation in fatty acid composition, texture analysis, rheology, and sensory analysis, over the range of storage/usage temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of texture studies","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of changing dentition on food texture preferences and perception of eating difficulty in Australian children","authors":"Ching Yue Chow,&nbsp;Anne C. Bech,&nbsp;Annemarie Olsen,&nbsp;Russell Keast,&nbsp;Catherine G. Russell,&nbsp;Wender L. P. Bredie","doi":"10.1111/jtxs.12856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12856","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transition from primary to permanent dentition is an important phase in children's oral development, yet its impact on texture perception and food acceptance are less explored. This study aimed to investigate how changing dentition and tooth loss influence texture preferences and perception of eating difficulty among children aged 5 to 12 years. Children (<i>n</i> = 475) completed a forced-choice questionnaire featuring drawings of six food pairs, each available in hard or soft texture, and reported whether they had started losing primary teeth and the number of tooth gaps present. They also tasted four samples: chocolate snacks (cake and biscuits) and cheddar cheese (grated and cubes), evaluating their perceived eating difficulty and liking for each sample. Analysis of questionnaire responses showed a general preference for softer food textures among children, with a 36% probability of choosing hard foods. Preferences were not related to child's dental state, including primary teeth loss (<i>p</i> = .13) or number of tooth gaps (<i>p</i> = .45). In the taste test, chocolate biscuits and cheese cubes were perceived as significantly more difficult to eat than chocolate cake and grated cheese, respectively (both <i>p</i> &lt; .0001). Children with more than two tooth gaps reported greater eating difficulty for chocolate biscuits and cheese cubes compared to children with fewer or no tooth gaps. This study demonstrated that children's texture preferences for hardness of foods remained consistent during dentition change, while their perception of eating difficulty could vary based on their dental state at specific points in time.</p>","PeriodicalId":17175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of texture studies","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jtxs.12856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the environmental causes of tomato fruit cracking and its propagation prediction in greenhouse","authors":"Ying Liu,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Zhiguo Li,&nbsp;Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia,&nbsp;Yande Liu","doi":"10.1111/jtxs.12845","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jtxs.12845","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, Provence tomato variety was chosen for investigating the environmental causes of tomato fruit cracking, cracks characteristics, and their propagation prediction in a greenhouse. Fruit bagging approach was used to alter the temperature and humidity and to create a microclimate around the fruit to induce fruit cracking for testing. Results showed that the fruit cracking rate increased when the environment temperature exceeded 30°C, and the difference between the highest and lowest temperature values in a day was greater than 20°C. The cracking rate was aggravated when the difference between the highest and lowest humidity values in a day was less than 20%. The proportions of top cracking, longitudinal cracking, ring cracking, radial cracking, and combined cracking were 5.4%, 16.1%, 28.3%, 26.8%, and 32.1%, respectively. The fruit shoulder was the most susceptible region to crack, followed by fruit belly and top regions, whereas longer cracks were observed in the fruit belly region indicating a higher propensity to crack propagation in that region. Finally, the measured data were used to validate an extended finite element method developed to effectively predict cracking susceptibility and propagation in tomato fruit with a relative error of 4.68%.</p>","PeriodicalId":17175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of texture studies","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}