Mediatization Studies最新文献

{"title":"Fake news w polityce. Studia przypadków","authors":"Marek Palczewski","doi":"10.17951/ms.2019.3.137-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/ms.2019.3.137-150","url":null,"abstract":"Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza politycznych fake newsów w kontekście procesów mediatyzacji. Analizie poddano trzy fałszywe wiadomości: o posiadaniu broni masowego rażenia przez reżim Saddama Husajna; o sprzedaży broni terrorystom z ISIS przez Hillary Clinton; o rzekomym zabójstwie rosyjskiego dziennikarza Arkadija Babczenki. Ponadto omówiono: specyfikę, genezę, rodzaje, rolę i znaczenie fake newsów w kształtowaniu opinii publicznej oraz w działaniach politycznych. Na podstawie przedstawionych case studies można wnioskować, że geneza politycznego fake newsa związana jest zawsze z potrzebami i interesami politycznymi, a jego celem jest walka z wrogiem lub eskalacja konfliktu. Autorami fake newsów są najczęściej organizacje polityczne, agencje wywiadu wojskowego, tajne służby specjalne itp. Fake newsy silnie oddziałują na nastroje i opinię publiczną oraz często prowadzą do zmiany sytuacji społeczno-politycznej, a w sytuacjach ekstremalnych – do działań wojennych.","PeriodicalId":171412,"journal":{"name":"Mediatization Studies","volume":"15 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126160216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Fact-Checking in the Czech Republic on the Example of demagog.cz and manipulatori.cz Portals","authors":"Katarzyna Giereło-Klimaszewska","doi":"10.17951/ms.2019.3.115-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/ms.2019.3.115-135","url":null,"abstract":"Variety of portals and fact-check initiatives in the Czech Republic is an interesting phenomenon, created as a result of a political tangling, information war, changes in contemporary media, economic and social issues. In comparison to other countries from the Visegrad Group, these portals have developed significantly. This is understandable considering the complex social and political situation in the Czech Republic as well as the development of new forms of communication. What is happening in this country can be considered as a kind of testing ground for the creators of fake news and fact-checkers. On the one hand, it is the struggle of various secret services and interest groups (mainly pro-Kremlin, pro-Russian) that have an influence on public opinion by using techniques of manipulation and control of society. On the other hand, they are more and more advanced journalistic and scientific projects operating in the network, dealing with fact-checking. The article focuses on portal demagog.cz that verifies statements made by politicians and portal manipulatori.cz that checks facts and examines public debate in the Czech Republic.","PeriodicalId":171412,"journal":{"name":"Mediatization Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115520465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediations of the body: towards biosurveillance and biocontrol","authors":"P. Celiński","doi":"10.17951/MS.2018.2.141-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/MS.2018.2.141-154","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay I focus on the problem of biomedia with its ability to enable biosurveillance and biocontrol. This next stage of the contemporary panoptical surveillance state and the society of control, is about direct mapping of the body to replace the representational logic of traditional surveillance media. It undermines human subjectivity and the integrity of his or her body by crossing such natural boundaries as the skin, senses and mind, and connecting with its molecules, neurons and organs.","PeriodicalId":171412,"journal":{"name":"Mediatization Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128338253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomedia and privacy in context. Paradoxical behavior or the unwitting sharing of geodata with digital platforms?","authors":"Helena Atteneder, B. Collini-Nocker","doi":"10.17951/MS.2018.2.17-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/MS.2018.2.17-48","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing pervasiveness of media in society implies the ubiquitous processes of geodata-capture and real-time feedback. The concept of Geomedia considers these developments and raises the questions of geoprivacy and corporate surveillance. The aim of this study was to investigate what kinds of geolocation data are shared wittingly or unwittingly, and in what contexts. Beyond that, we ask how much individuals know about the data-sharing processes and the underlying commercial logic, and how they act upon this knowledge (whether paradoxically or not). Our study was theoretically framed by contextual privacy (Nissenbaum 2011), because we assumed that a violation of privacy is perceived differently according to the context. The quasi-experimental design (using a WiFi-capture device) combined with a questionnaire revealed the participants’ attitudes to, and awareness of, data sharing, and their understanding of geoprivacy and geomedia use. The main results show that people are aware of the underlying commercial logic, have privacy concerns and, strongly depending on contextual factors, their knowledge and capabilities, act upon this awareness. Finally, we show that smartphones covertly share a huge amount of meta and traffic data.","PeriodicalId":171412,"journal":{"name":"Mediatization Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132258711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encryption for the masses? An analysis of PGP key usage","authors":"Sven Braun, A. Oostveen","doi":"10.17951/MS.2018.2.69-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/MS.2018.2.69-84","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the rise of alternatives, email remains integral to technology-mediated communication. To protect email privacy the encryption software Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) has been considered the first choice for individuals since 1991. However, there is little scholarly insight into the characteristics and motivations for the people using PGP. We seek to shed light on social aspects of PGP: who is using PGP for encrypted email communication, how and why? By understanding those using the technology, questions on the motivations, usability, and the political dimension of communication encryption can be contextualized and cautiously generalized to provide input for the design of privacy-enhancing technologies. We have greatly extended the scale and scope of existing research by conducting a PGP key analysis on 4.27 million PGP public keys complemented by a survey filled out by former and current PGP users (N = 3,727). We show that a relatively small homogeneous population of mainly western, technically skilled, and moderately politically active males is using PGP for privacy self-management. Additionally, findings from existing research identifying poor usability and a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PGP can be confirmed.","PeriodicalId":171412,"journal":{"name":"Mediatization Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125012044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Now you see me – now you don’t!” – Practices and purposes of hacking online surveillance","authors":"Mareile Kaufmann","doi":"10.17951/MS.2018.2.85-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/MS.2018.2.85-101","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes how hacking can be the act of redefining what is seen and not seen in the context of online surveillance. Based on a qualitative interview study with 22 hackers, it discusses the many practices and purposes of ‘hacking online surveillance’, with a specific focus on the techniques of disappearing from view while continuing to be online. Not only do these techniques vary in style and the expertise involved, but they all fulfill multiple functions. They are more than just a coded statement against the uneven powers of surveillance, they are tactics of the everyday life, moments of analytical creativity and reflection, instances of pleasure and play, affective encounters, identity work and forms of communication. The paper dedicates space to these sometimes overlapping and sometimes differing conceptualizations of ‘hacking online surveillance’ by using methodologies that consciously seek out the nonlinear and the multiple.","PeriodicalId":171412,"journal":{"name":"Mediatization Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129544536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance and privacy as emerging issues in communication and media studies. An introduction","authors":"J. Möller, J. Nowak","doi":"10.17951/MS.2018.2.7-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/MS.2018.2.7-15","url":null,"abstract":"Balleys C., Coll S. (2017). Being publicly intimate: Teenagers managing online privacy. Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 39(6), pp. 885–901.Bond R. M., Fariss C. J., Jones J. J., Kramer A. D. I., Marlow C., Settle J. E., Fowler J. H. (2012). A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization, Nature, Vol. 489, pp. 295–298.Dencik L., Jansen F., Metcalfe, P. (2018). A conceptual framework for approaching social justice in an age of datafication, DATAJUSTICE project, https://datajusticeproject.net/2018/08/30/aconceptual-framework-for-approaching-social-justice-in-an-age-of-datafication/, 01.02.2019.Fuchs C. (2011). The Political Economy of Privacy on Facebook. Television & New Media, Vol. 13(2), pp. 139–159.Helmond A. (2015). The platformization of the web: Making web data platform ready. Social Media + Society, Vol. 1(2), pp. 1–11.Hillygus D. S., Shields T. G. (2009). The Persuadable Voter. Wedge Issues in Presidential Campaigns. Princeton University Press: Princeton.Hintz A., Dencik L., Wahl-Jorgensen K. (2019). Digital citizenship in a datafied society. Polity Press: Medford.Kramp L., Loosen W. (2017). The transformation of journalism: from changing newsroom cultures to a new communicative orientation? In A. Hepp, U. Hasebrink, A. Breiter (Eds.), Communicative Figurations: Rethinking mediatized transformations, Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke. pp. 205–239.Kruschinski. S., Haller A. (2017). Restrictions on data-driven political micro-targeting in Germany. Internet Policy Review, Vol. 6(4), pp. 1–23.Kunelius R., Heikkilä H., Russell A., Yagodin D. (Eds.). (2017). Journalism and the NSA Revelations:Privacy, security, and the press. I.B. Tauris: London.Livingstone S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: Teenagers’ use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression. New Media & Society, Vol. 10(3), 393–411.Lokot T. (2018). Be Safe or Be Seen? How Russian Activists Negotiate Visibility and Security in Online Resistance Practices. Surveillance & Society, Vol. 16 (3), 332–346.Loosen W., Reimer J.; De Silva-Schmidt F. (2017). Data-Driven Reporting – an On-Going (R) Evolution? A Longitudinal Analysis of Projects Nominated for the Data Journalism Awards 2013–2015. Working Paper Series Hans-Bredow-Institut No. 41.Lyon D. (2002). Surveillance society: Monitoring everyday life (Repr). Issues in society. Open Uniersity Press: Buckingham.Marwick A. E., boyd d. (2014). Networked privacy: How teenagers negotiate context in social media. New Media & Society, Vol. 16(7), pp. 1051–1067.Möller J., von Rimscha M. B. (2017). (De)Centralization of the Global Informational Ecosystem. Media and Communication, Vol. 5(3), pp. 37–48.Nissenbaum H. (2004): Privacy as contextual integrity. Washington Law Review, Vol. 79(1), pp. 101–139.Nissenbaum H. (2010). Privacy in context: Technology, policy, and the integrity of social life. Stanford Law Books: Stanford.Nowak J., Möller J. E. (2018, November). Don’t ","PeriodicalId":171412,"journal":{"name":"Mediatization Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126647913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of a fragmented discourse. Privacy and data security in Süddeutsche Zeitung: 2007–2017","authors":"F. Meissner, Gerret von Nordheim","doi":"10.17951/MS.2018.2.103-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/MS.2018.2.103-123","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this exploratory case study is to identify different facets of news reporting on surveillance, privacy and data security, and more specifically, how risks in this context are portrayed. The theoretical foundation consists of two elements: 1) the concept of mediatized risk culture, and 2) the discursive arena model of risk communication, which provides the normative background for assessing news reporting. A text-mining approach (topic modeling) is applied to analyze relevant coverage of the German quality newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung. The study yields a total of seven topics which belong to three categories: violation of privacy norms, power and law enforcement, and datafication. The results show that despite the de-mystification of digital technology after the Snowden leaks, coverage has recently become more affirmative and less focused on risk. We conclude that this may indicate a normalization of mass surveillance and data harvesting even in Germany, a society which traditionally values privacy. In order to add more context to our findings, however, further qualitative analyses were needed. The paper serves as a starting point for further research on media reporting of surveillance, privacy and data security.","PeriodicalId":171412,"journal":{"name":"Mediatization Studies","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133335570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance capitalism and privacy. Knowledge and attitudes on surveillance capitalism and online institutional privacy protection practices among adolescents in Poland","authors":"Grzegorz Ptaszek","doi":"10.17951/MS.2018.2.49-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/MS.2018.2.49-68","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes towards surveillance capitalism and online institutional privacy protection practices among adolescents in Poland (aged 18–19), as well as to determine the relationships between these variables. Surveillance capitalism has emerged as a result of internet users’ activities and involves the collection of all data about these users by different entities for specific benefits without letting them know about it. The dominant role in surveillance capitalism is played by hi-tech corporations. The aim of the study was to verify whether knowledge, and what kind of knowledge, on surveillance capitalism translates into practices related to the protection of online institutional privacy. The study was conducted on a sample of 177 adolescents in Poland. The main part of the questionnaire consisted of two scales: the scale of knowledge and attitudes on surveillance capitalism, and the scale of online institutional privacy protection practices. The results of the study, calculated by statistical methods, showed that although the majority of respondents had average knowledge and attitudes about surveillance capitalism, which may result from insufficient knowledge of the subject matter, this participation in specialized activities/workshops influences the level of intensification of online institutional privacy protection practices.","PeriodicalId":171412,"journal":{"name":"Mediatization Studies","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126798991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encryption as a Security Technology. Notes on the German Debate on encryption, Uncertainty and Risk","authors":"L. Monsees","doi":"10.17951/MS.2018.2.125-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/MS.2018.2.125-139","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the emerging literature on digital encryption as a political issue by focusing on the way in which debates about encryption are embedded in a broader security discourse. Drawing on empirical material from Germany, this article shows how debates on encryption bring its ambiguous nature to the fore. Encryption is seen as both a threat and a source of protection, it thus becomes clear that technology only acquires its political meaning in discourse. Furthermore, I show that security is discussed in terms of uncertainty, risks and complexity. The article concludes by arguing that this prevailing idea of security as risk leads to security measures that attempt to deal with complexity by involving a variety of actors, making multi-stakeholder approaches as a solution more plausible.","PeriodicalId":171412,"journal":{"name":"Mediatization Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124304471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}