Journal of Soils and Sediments最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient contents and microbial communities as mediators of the effects of land-use in ecosystem functioning in alpine ecosystems from Central Mexico","authors":"Karen Carrasco-Espinosa, Morena Avitia, Nadia S. Santini, Ana E. Escalante","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03804-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03804-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The interplay between microbial taxonomy, functional diversity, and land-use changes across diverse ecosystems must be better understood. This study explores, through a statistical modeling approach, the intricate relationships between microbial communities, soil properties (nutrient contents and physicochemical parameters), and land-use changes, using stable isotopes ratio (δ¹³C/δ¹⁵N) as ecosystem function indicator.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) this study aims to investigate how soil microbial communities, soil properties and ecosystem function are interconnected in three ecosystems undergoing land-use change in Nevado de Toluca, Mexico.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Multivariate analyses of microbial communities and soil parameters for the different land-uses reveal significant variation in both microbial composition and soil properties (i.e. nutrient contents) mainly explained by the land-use history of the studied ecosystems. Through the SEM approach, it was possible to disentangle the relative contribution of land-use change, microbial community composition and nutrient contents to the ecosystem function defined as the δ¹³C/δ¹⁵N ratio.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Microbial communities are the main drivers of soil ecosystem functioning. However, through SEM approach it is possible to formally test direct and indirect relationships impacting microbial communities and the resulting functional consequences, contributing to a mechanistic understanding of the ecological implications of land-use change, aiding in sustainable land-use decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140941664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of PAHs contaminated soil remediation by Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm combined with biochar","authors":"Yuancheng Wang, Ao Li, Xia Li, Jiahui Yin, Xiaoxia Li, Yufeng Chen, Bokun Zou, Yongqiang Qian, Zhenyuan Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03807-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03807-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Although the combined plant-biochar remediation in improving soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is considered efficient (Singha and Pandey in Crit Rev Biotechnol 41:749–766, 2021), the potential for application remains poorly known. This study used clones of <i>Buchloe dactyloides</i> to evaluate the effects of biochar on the capability of phytoremediation and rhizosphere soil contaminated with PAH.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Pot experiments were conducted to assess the effects of biochar on growth physiological parameters of <i>B. dactyloides</i> growth, accumulation of PAHs in <i>B. dactyloides</i>, and soil environment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The results showed that the application of biochar increased the levels of antioxidants (free proline, glutathione, and ascorbic acid), antioxidant enzymes (catalase and laccase), and phytohormones (abscisic acid, indole acetic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and gibberellin), decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in the roots, thereby enhancing the antioxidant defense ability and improving PAHs tolerance in roots of <i>B. dactyloides</i>. Moreover, the activities of enzymes (catalase, dehydrogenases, urease and protease) and soil nutrients in the rhizosphere soil were significantly increased, the content of PAHs decreased, and the health of the rhizosphere soil was improved.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Biochar treatment promoted the accumulation of PAHs, improved soil environment and significantly enhanced the effects of phytoremediation. Therefore, the combined application of <i>B. dactyloides</i> and biochar can be considered as a feasible approach for the phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-modified cotton straw biochar has instructive for the improvement of saline-alkali soil","authors":"Xiaoyang Xia, Muhammad Riaz, Saba Babar, Yuxuan Li, Xiangling Wang, Jiyuan Wang, Cuncang Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03800-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03800-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Soil salinization severely hinders the development of agriculture. Pristine biochar (BC) has a considerable impact on improving soil quality and maximizing crop yield. However, applying biochar has the risk of aggravating soil salinization. Acid-modified biochar may have a good effect on the improvement of saline-alkali soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Nitric acid and phosphoric acid were used to modify the pristine biochar (BC). The pristine biochar (BC), nitric acid-modified biochar (NC) and phosphoric acid-modified biochar (PC) were used at 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w), respectively. There were ten treatments in total: CK, BC₁, BC₂, BC₃, NC₁, NC₂, NC₃, PC₁, PC₂, and PC₃.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results indicated that the application of biochar further aggravated soil salinization. Soil pH and EC significantly increased by 0.08–0.42 units and 215.51–362.07 μS.cm⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, the BC application reduced the activities of C-, N- and P-acquiring enzymes in saline-alkali soil. Compared with BC, NC and PC decreased the alkaline metal elements by 84.34% and 79.29%, respectively, and enhanced the specific surface area. Acid-modified biochar significantly reduced the content of Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, CO₃²⁻ and HCO₃⁻. Meanwhile, the application of acid-modified biochar reduced soil pH and EC by 0.16–0.59 units, 228.38–788.93 μS.cm⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the application of acid-modified biochar enhanced N fixation ability and the activity of C-acquiring enzymes and P-acquiring enzymes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The application of pristine cotton straw biochar will further aggravate soil salinization, thereby inhibiting the soil enzyme activities. In contrast, acid-modified cotton straw biochar can reduce soil salinity, improve soil available nutrients and also enhance the enzymatic activities, which is advantageous to the restoration of saline-alkali soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flaveria bidentis invasion modifies soil physicochemical properties and increases microorganism community diversity","authors":"Shuaiying Zhang, Jiantao Liu, Haixia Zhao, Qiao Li, Han Zhang, Mengxin Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03810-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03810-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The invasive plant <i>Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze</i>, known as the \"ecological killer\", poses a significant threat to the ecosystem stability due to its strong phenotypic plasticity and high fertility. Previous studies have reported a close relationship between plant invasion and soil microbial communities. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between the invasion of <i>F. bidentis</i>, the diversity of soil microbial communities, and soil physiochemical properties.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, we established a common garden experiment by planting <i>F. bidentis</i> and <i>Chenopodium ficifolium Sm.</i> separately and mixed, in Lanfang, China. We analyzed microbial communities in both bulk soil and rhizosphere soil using the high-throughput sequencing technology.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that <i>F. bidentis</i> invasion significantly increased bacterial and fungal diversities in rhizosphere soil, irrelevant with or without the existence of native plant species. Meanwhile, <i>F. bidentis</i> increased the content of organic matter and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺) in bulk soil and decrease the content of NH₄⁺ in rhizosphere soil. Significant correlations were observed between nitrogen contents or acid phosphatase and specific soil microbial communities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These results underly that regardless of competition with native plants, the invasion of <i>F. bidentis</i> alters soil physicochemical properties and increases microorganism community diversity. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for further research on the invasion mechanisms of <i>F. bidentis</i> and provides valuable references for other studies about <i>F. bidentis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metavirome mining from fjord sediments of Svalbard Archipelago","authors":"Bhavya Kachiprath, Jayanath Gopi, Manomi Sarasan, Jayesh Puthumana, E. R. Chaithanya, Rosamma Philip","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03809-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03809-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Viruses are the largest genetic repository and most diverse host-associated replicating organisms in a wide range of ecosystems in the entire biosphere. Although playing crucial roles in numerous processes such as nutrient cycles, viral shunt, and population control within marine ecosystems, viral communities continue to be the least explored biological entities, particularly in extreme marine habitats. Therefore, details about the viral diversity and their metabolic potential from Arctic sediments has great importance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Sediment samples were collected from two Arctic fjords, Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden, in Svalbard. Viral nucleic acids were extracted from both fjord sediments after a pre-processing step. Illumina Novaseq based shotgun sequencing was performed and bioinformatic analysis was done to explore viral communities and their functional potential.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>An array of DNA and RNA viruses especially bacteriophages along with viruses infecting algae, plants, molluscs, shrimps, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, humans, and other mammals were detected from both fjords. The double-stranded DNA viruses were the most abundant (Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, Myoviridae, and Phycodnaviridae), followed by single-stranded DNA (Inoviridae) and RNA (Retroviridae and Betaflexiviridae) viruses from both metavirome. Functional analysis explored genes encoding virus structures, enzymes for phage replication, integration and excision and proteins related to phage regulation of gene expression.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Fjord metavirome analysis revealed the occurrence of virus groups endemic to Arctic freshwater and marine habitats along with an extra pool of unclassified or unassigned virus reads. Viruses infecting a variety of bacterial groups, and other higher trophic levels in fjord environments were explored. Functional annotation revealed the abundance of phage-related structural genes and metabolic genes. Comparative analysis revealed the abundance of dsDNA viruses from Caudovirales (Myoviridae, Podoviridae and Siphoviridae) in all the analysed Arctic samples in different proportions. The present study enhances our understanding of viral diversity and their metabolic potential in Arctic fjord sediments.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of soil microbial residuals and lignin phenols in forest ecosystems along the latitude gradient","authors":"Qiaoling Lin, Qiuxiang Tian, Chang Liao, Xudong Yuan, Mengzhen Lu, Feng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03794-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03794-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is mainly governed by inputs from plant and microbial sources. How the relative contributions of these two sources in forest soils vary along broad-scale environmental gradients is poorly understood. The contributions of these two carbon sources in different soil layers are also elusive.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used amino sugar and lignin phenol as biomarkers to indicate microbial- and plant-derived soil carbon. The concentrations of amino sugar and lignin phenol in topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (30–60 cm) of major forest types along a latitude gradient in China were investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The concentration of soil amino sugar decreased along the latitude in topsoil, which is mainly controlled by the variations in mean annual temperature and soil nitrogen. The concentration of lignin phenols decreased along latitude in topsoil, mainly controlled by soil carbon/nitrogen ratio. The microbial-derived carbon was mainly composed of fungi-derived in topsoil, while bacteria-derived dominated in subsoil. Climate and soil properties are primary factors controlling the persistence of microbial residues and lignin phenols in topsoil, and soil clay is the crucial factor in the subsoil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Both microbial residuals and lignin phenols in topsoil showed a decreasing trend with increasing latitude, but controlled by different sets of environmental factors. Subsoil microbial residues and lignin phenols showed no trend along the latitude and are mainly influenced by soil clay content.These findings provide new insights on how climate and vegetation affect soil carbon persistence, revealing significant distribution patterns of forest soil microbial residuals and lignin phenols along a latitude gradient.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of magnesium-modified biochar on soil nitrogen leaching and growth of Chinese cabbage","authors":"Yongchun Zhou, Zhimin Chen, Zili Zhao, Liulin Wu, Yapeng Wang, Jinrong Yang, Ning An, Hang Jing","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03793-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03793-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The overuse of nitrogen fertilizers, most commonly urea, is ultimately having a serious impact on the environment through nitrogen leaching. Biochar addition is considered to be a promising measure for mitigating nitrogen leaching. However, whether biochar has a long-term effect is unclear. Moreover, Mg-modified biochar (Mg-biochar) has more excellent physicochemical and surface properties than original biochar, and it has been widely used in water pollution remediation; however, its effect on soil nitrogen leaching is still uncertain.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The optimal Mg-biochar was selected by adsorption test. In the subsequent soil column simulation experiment, a total of five treatment groups: nitrogen fertilizer (CK), nitrogen fertilizer + fresh biochar (BC), nitrogen fertilizer + Mg-biochar (MGBC), nitrogen fertilizer + freeze-thaw aged biochar (DBC), and nitrogen fertilizer + freeze-thaw aging Mg-biochar (DMGBC) were set up to explore the distribution of nitrogen in the soil-leaching solution-plant system.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In this study, biochar modified by 2 mol/L MgCl₂ was chosen to be the optimal Mg-biochar. Compared with the CK, BC reduced the soil nitrogen leaching by 16.96% and increased the soil nitrogen content and cabbage nitrogen absorption by 1.65% and 114.19%, respectively. Mg-biochar had higher nitrogen retention ability than original biochar, and after freeze-thaw aging, biochar maintained or even improved nitrogen retention ability.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The biochar addition had good nitrogen retention ability, and Mg-biochar performed better, and they showed long-term effect on mitigating soil nitrogen leaching. Meanwhile, based on the law of conservation of matter, biochar addition also reduced gaseous nitrogen loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sampling design on characterizing surface soil fingerprinting properties","authors":"Maria Alejandra Luna Miño, Alexander J. Koiter, David A. Lobb","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03805-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03805-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The characterization of soil properties is an important part of many different types of agri-environmental research including inventory, comparison, and manipulation studies. Sediment source fingerprinting is a method that is increasingly being used to link sediment sources to downstream sediment. Characterization of sediment sources is a key part of this method as it serves as the base to identify and quantify soil properties (fingerprints) that can discriminate between sources. There is currently not a standard approach to characterizing sources and the different approaches to sampling have not been well assessed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Grid (n = 49), transect (n = 14), and likely to erode (n = 8) sampling designs were used to characterize the geochemical, colour, grain size distribution, and soil organic matter content at two sites under contrasting land uses (agricultural and forested). The impact of the three sampling designs on characterization of fingerprint properties, the relationship between particle size and organic matter content on fingerprint properties, fingerprint selection, source discrimination, and mixing apportionment results were evaluated using a range of methods including 21 virtual mixtures.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The likely to erode design resulted in a unique fingerprint signature compared to the other two sampling designs. The correlation between particle size and organic matter varied between fingerprint, source, and sampling design. While the number and composition of the fingerprints selected varied between sampling designs there was a strong (100%) discrimination between sources regardless of the sampling approach. The maximum absolute difference between the virtual mixtures and the modeled proportions was 7.7%, 7.8%, and 8.9% for the grid, transect, and likely to erode sampling designs, respectively.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The likely to erode sampling design was not representative of the upslope areas as characterized by the grid and transect methods. Despite these differences the final apportionment results using virtual mixtures were qualitatively similar between the three sampling designs. Continued work at the watershed scale is needed to fully evaluate the importance of source sampling design on the sediment source fingerprinting approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reduction of nitrogen loss using biochar for soil fertility reservation","authors":"Xiangyu Gao, Jiaqi Yang, Aijie Wang, Wenzong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03803-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03803-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers on farmland widely occurs in China, which has been recognized as one of the main sources of non-point pollution. To reduce the nitrogen loss in agricultural soils, some specific biochar can be introduced to increase the water-holding capacity of soils and to reserve soil nutrition. The effects and mechanisms of biochar application on decreasing nutrient losses after fertilization were systematically evaluated and understood through both pot and field experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>This study was objected to investigate the effects of neutral biochar (NBC, pH 6.6–7.1) and its combination with urease inhibitor (UI) on nitrogen mitigation and reservation in farmland soil, and the interactions among the mixed soils (biochar, nitrogen fertilizer, and soil) under both pot and field experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The application of straw biochar could reduce the amount of ammonia volatilization in soil. The maximum inhibition of ammonia volatilization loss accounted for 27.67% of fertilizer applications. In field experiments, neutral biochar could reduce the leaching of soil NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^—-N, and this effect was more evident for NO₃^—-N (68 mg/kg) compared to no fertilization in the soil layer 20–40 cm. With the addition of neutral biochar and urease inhibitors, the content of soil total nitrogen increased greatly with 1.70 g/kg.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Neutral biochar from waste agricultural straw and commercial urease inhibitors were applied for nitrogen reservation in pot and field experiments. The application of neutral biochar played a positive role in lower volatile ammonia loss and higher nitrate content compared to urease inhibitor application only. These findings reveal the potential of neutral biochar for the improvement of agricultural soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium sorption on γ-Al2O3 and goethite in the presence of silicate: insights from XRD and FTIR studies","authors":"Na Mi, Min Yang, Xiaohan Wang, Qian Sun, Jianzhou He, Shaopo Deng, Tingting Fan","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03789-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03789-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The application of silicon could effectively alleviate Cd contamination in the soil. However, the interaction between silicon and Cd in soils is not well understood. Our research aims to investigate the mechanism of the impact of silicate on the sorption of Cd on metal oxides in soils.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Sodium silicate and Cd(II) co-sorption on γ-Al₂O₃ and goethite at pH 5.5 and 7.5 was studied using a combination of batch sorption experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>Silicate enhanced the sorption of Cd(II) onto γ-Al₂O₃ at pH 5.5 and 7.5. However, the sorption of Cd(II) on goethite at pH 5.5 and 7.5 was only promoted when the silicate concentration reached 1 mmol L⁻¹. Cadmium(II) enhanced silicate sorption on γ-Al₂O₃ at pH 5.5 and on goethite at pH 7.5, while it decreased silicate sorption on γ-Al₂O₃ at pH 7.5 and had no significant effect on goethite at pH 5.5. At pH 5.5, Cd(II) reacted with silicate to generate Cd₂SiO₄, and Cd-Si-Al ternary complexes were formed on γ-Al₂O₃. At pH 7.5, silicate promoted the formation of Cd(OH)₂ on γ-Al₂O₃, which ultimately transformed into CdCO₃. When silicate concentration reached 1 mmol L⁻¹, more silicate complexes were formed through the Fe-O-Si bound on goethite at both pH 5.5 and 7.5 to promote the adsorption of Cd(II) owing to its electronegative functional group on the surface of the complex.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The type of clay minerals, pH, and the presence of silicate all significantly affected Cd sorption. Furthermore, the sorption mechanism of Cd on γ-Al₂O₃ and goethite in the presence of silicate has been elucidated. The above findings improve our understanding of the mechanism for immobilizing Cd in soils using silicon-containing materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}