Journal of Testing and Evaluation最新文献

{"title":"A Review on Formability and Damage Behavior of Powder Metallurgy Composites during Upsetting","authors":"Tharmaraj Ramakrishnan, Joseph Davidson Maharajan, Jeremiah Raveendran","doi":"10.1520/jte20230692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230692","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Formability is the measure of deformity a workpiece can endure from the created stresses inside the substance before the crack event. The investigation of the formability of powder metallurgy (PM) parts plays an essential role in the metalworking industries because of their needs in engineering applications to examine the end product’s performance. In the upsetting of PM materials, the formability depends on various factors such as preform relative density, percentages of reinforcement added in the material, size of particles, the geometry of the preforms, and friction between the workpiece and the die because of their changes in the mechanical and physical properties. Also, in the compression of PM samples, the damage/fracture occurs in the outer region of the components because of a higher amount of stresses and pores that could affect the damage limit of the material. Hence, the formability and damage analysis of PM components is critical for the industrial engineer to understand the significance of the variables that could help design a suitable application process. In this regard, this review focuses on the basics of PM technique, and upsetting process, formability, and damage characteristics of PM materials and methods to improve the formability and fracture behavior of PM components in the upsetting process are stated clearly.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Recycled Fine Aggregate on the Properties of Self-Leveling Mortars","authors":"Changzhi Li, Jingtao Shen, Kunlin Ma, Jianghua Chen, Mingwen Hu, Xiaojie Wang","doi":"10.1520/jte20230643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230643","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of recycled aggregates as raw materials in mortar and concrete can not only achieve the effective use of renewable resources but also achieve environmental friendliness. In this paper, the influence of recycled fine aggregate (RFA) content and additives on fluidity, fluidity loss, strength, drying shrinkage, and hardened surface roughness of self-leveling mortar (SLM) was investigated. The surface roughness of SLM was characterized by fractal dimension, and the main influence factors of the surface roughness were discussed. Results showed that the strength of SLM decreased with the addition of RFA content. When the RFA content was 100 %, the 1-day and 28-day compressive strength of SLM decreased by 19.2 % and 12.4 % respectively, and the 1-day flexural strength decreased by 16.7 %, but the 28-day flexural strength changed little. With the increase of RFA content in SLM, more polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer was required in order to achieve the appropriate workability. Meanwhile, a high content of RFA led to an increased fluidity loss of SLM within 30 min. The addition of silica fume enhanced the early strength of SLM, fly ash decreased the drying shrinkage, and slag improved fluidity. The size and gradation of RFA had a significant effect on the surface roughness. The addition of RFA reduced the surface roughness of SLM. The surface fractal dimension of SLM mixed with 25 % RFA was the lowest. The addition of silica fume further reduced the surface roughness of the SLM. The mortar with different surface roughness can be prepared by adjusting the content and gradation of RFA and the fluidity of mortar.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141698474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Shear Strength of Geopolymeric Resins Through Numerical Modeling of the Iosipescu (V-Notch) Test Using Finite Element Method–Based Simulations","authors":"Yasletty Zamora Hernández, Dylmar Penteado Dias, Rancés Castillo Lara, Joadelio Chagas Soares","doi":"10.1520/jte20230662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230662","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There is a growing need for a good understanding of the microstructure and mechanical properties of alkaline activated materials, mainly driven by its efficient implementation in civil and infrastructure applications. The validation and standardization of test methods and performance-based specifications directly applicable to alkali-activated cements and concretes was recently stated in the literature as one of the main research priorities related to these materials. Therefore, this study focuses on the validation of the shear strength of geopolymeric resins through the numerical modeling of the Iosipescu test by the finite element method using the ABAQUS 3D software. A numerical model of the specimen used in the Iosipescu test was proposed and successfully validated. The effect of notch opening angle on the delimitations of failure zone and shear stress was studied by the analysis of the distribution of the maximum stresses generated in the specimen during the test. After several simulations, it was found that the failure zone obtained by numerical modeling was in agreement with experimental results, showing a 90° notch opening as the most critical among those evaluated.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure Analysis, Piezoelectrical Resistivity, and Compressive Strength Concrete Incorporated with Waste Steel Slag as a Fine Aggregate Replacement","authors":"N. Piro, Ahmed Salih Mohammed, Samir M. Hamad","doi":"10.1520/jte20230588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230588","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aims to investigate the effect of waste steel slag (SS) as partially replaced with cement and fine aggregate on conventional concrete for different mixes named M25, M35, and M47 in terms of compressive strength (CS), electrical resistivity (ER), and piezoresistivity behavior. SS is a molten mixture of silicates and oxides that solidifies upon cooling, a byproduct of the steel-making process. Before doing the design experiments, the optimum value of SS as powder and fine aggregate was determined using seven different mixes to investigate the effect of different SS sizes on the CS and piezoresistivity of normal concrete. Based on the results achieved, the optimum value and size of SS were selected to modify and investigate the effect of SS on three different mixes of conventional concrete named M25, M35, and M47 in terms of CS, ER, and piezoresistivity behavior. The resistivity of all concrete mixes was measured using four-probe from early curing to 28 days of curing time. The results demonstrated that M47 mix modified with SS has lower resistivity than the rest of the concrete mixes. The results of piezoresistivity behavior indicated that M47 mix modified with SS has a higher resistivity change while applying stress at 3 days of curing compared to the M25 and M35 concrete mix modified with SS by 44.1 % and 37.6 %, respectively. The Vipulandanan p-q model was applied to predict both ER versus time and change of resistivity versus stress for all mixes. The results demonstrated that the model predicted the change of resistivity versus applied stress with a high coefficient of determination that varied between 0.82 and 0.989, and a low root mean square error changed between 0.81 Ω.m and 7.94 Ω.m.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural Performance and Failure Mechanism of High-Strength Coral Sand Reinforced Concrete Slab by Experiment and Simulation","authors":"Kai Shang, Xudong Chen, D. Shi, Wenwen Wu, Ningning Wang","doi":"10.1520/jte20230684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230684","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Coral sand is very important to the construction of coastal defense engineering, and the research of coral sand concrete slabs is also in the initial stage. To investigate the mechanical properties of high-strength coral sand reinforced concrete slab (HSCSRCS), a four-point flexural loading test was carried out for three kinds of components with different reinforcement ratios. The test results actually showed that the HSCSRCS components prepared by the optimized mix ratio and the process had the characteristics of high strength, large brittleness, and high bearing capacity, and the cracking load of HSCSRCS components was large at 30 % of the ultimate bearing capacity because of the pore filling inside the concrete aggregate. The damage process of HSCSRCS could be divided into four stages, representing the primary pressure, cracking, flexural loading, and damage stage, and the mechanical properties were relatively stable because of the broken internal particles and continuous pore filling. The initial crack of the component was mainly caused by sliding and rotation of the particles at the bottom of the loading point plate along the structural surface, which gradually expanded from the middle area to the four corners of the plate, and the distribution mode was dense at the bottom of the loading points and sparse at other areas. ANSYS finite element analysis program was used for modeling and solving, which showed that the simulation results of cracking load, bearing capacity, load-displacement curve, and stress cloud map are consistent with the actual experiment results.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Rock Lithology and Reloading Direction on Rock Stress Memory","authors":"Chun-de Ma, Jun-jie Zhang, Guan-shuang Tan, Wen-yuan Yang, Ze-lin Liu","doi":"10.1520/jte20230714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230714","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Kaiser effect (KE), as a presentation of rock stress memory, has been widely used in in situ stress measurement because of its convenience and economy. However, the influence of rock lithology and directionality on the KE have not been answered yet. To solve this question, three-stage loading Brazilian tests were conducted on three types of rock disks in this study. The specimens were rotated with a certain rotation angle θ (5°–90°) before the third-stage loading, and the jump point method and bilinear regression method were selected to recognize the Kaiser points. The results suggested that significant KE occurred in the three rock materials under the Brazilian test and that the KE directionality of rocks with different lithology varies greatly. The KE gradually fails as the rotation angle increases. The critical angles of granite, marble, and sandstone are 13°, 60°, and 5°, respectively. Besides, the directionality of the KE is closely related to the distribution of microcracks inside the rock and the critical stress of crack propagation. This study could provide a reference for experimental design and error analysis of in situ stress measurement by the acoustic emission method in civil and geotechnical engineering.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Precision Statements for Physio-mechanical Characterization Tests on GFRP Bars","authors":"Camilo Vega, Yameen Zahoor, Juan Palacios, Francisco De Caso, A. Nanni","doi":"10.1520/jte20230715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230715","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars are composite materials that, in the field of civil engineering, serve as an alternative for the internal steel reinforcement of concrete structures. The study and development of these material systems in construction are relatively new, requiring targeted research and development to achieve greater adoption. In this scenario, research and standardization play crucial roles. The development and publication of new test methods, material specifications, and other standards, as well as the improvement of the existing ones, allow for quality control, validation, and acceptance. One of these improvements is the evaluation of precision statements of the different ASTM standards related to the physical-mechanical and durability characterization of GFRP bars used as internal concrete reinforcement. Precision refers to how closely test results obtained under specific conditions agree with each other. A precision statement allows potential users to assess the test method’s general suitability for their intended applications. It should provide guidance on the type of variation that can be expected between test results when the method is used in one or more competent laboratories. The present study aims to enhance the precision statements in ASTM standards pertaining to the geometric, material, mechanical, and physical properties required for GFRP bars in concrete reinforcement, including ASTM standards like ASTM D7205M-21, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars; ASTM D7617M-11(2017), Standard Test Method for Transverse Shear Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars; and ASTM D7913M-14(2020), Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars to Concrete by Pullout Testing, while in accordance with the statistical procedures and calculation methods outlined in ASTM Practices ASTM E177-20, Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods, and ASTM E691-22, Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Cotton and High-Performance Fiber Blended Denim Fabrics for Motorcycle Protective Clothing","authors":"Gayathri Natarajan, T. Palani Rajan","doi":"10.1520/jte20230598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230598","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research paper article thoroughly investigates the tensile, tear, and abrasion properties of high-performance cotton denim fabrics incorporating para-aramid and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. It compares these high-performance blended denim fabrics with traditional 100 % cotton fabric material. The findings indicate that fabrics containing UHMWPE and para-aramid fibers demonstrate notably greater strength and durability compared with pure cotton fabrics. Factors such as yarn thickness, twist, fabric weight, cover factor, and the blend proportion of high-performance fibers contribute to enhanced tensile strength and abrasion resistance. Among the tested samples, the blend with 30 % cotton and 70 % UHMWPE fibers, weighing 430 g/m2 (S9), exhibits the most superior performance in terms of tensile strength. These fabrics also exhibit remarkable tear resistance, even under extreme conditions. Sample S9 excels in abrasion resistance, qualifying it for Zone 3 Level 1 protection. The study underscores the potential of these fabrics to offer outstanding protection against abrasion in diverse applications. Additionally, it has been observed that fabrics generally display higher tensile strength and abrasion resistance along the warp direction, owing to a higher yarn density. The analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) tests confirm the significant influence of fiber composition on fabric properties based on the statistical analyses that have been conducted.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Univariate and Multivariate Exploration of Resilient Modulus for Warm Mix Asphalt Mixtures","authors":"Amjad Albayati, Mayank Sukhija","doi":"10.1520/jte20230426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141045672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) Testing: Comprehensive Review and Development of Robust Procedure in the United States","authors":"Harshdutta I. Pandya, Ayman A. Ali, Yusuf A. Mehta","doi":"10.1520/jte20230389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141056422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}