Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology最新文献

{"title":"Gut Microbiota Related Metabolites Changes - New Break through Point for Treating Diabetes","authors":"Jianchi Li, Huang X, Pan Y, Pan X","doi":"10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2023.1200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2023.1200","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a common disease characterized by high blood glucose level, combined with metabolic disorder of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and other substances. The relationship between the human gut microbes and diabetes is still not clear. Human intestinal tracts harbor trillions of microbes that maintaining a symbiotic relationship with the host. Gut microbiota not only helps the host to digest certain food, but also produces a large number of biologically active signaling molecules involved in immune regulation, anti-tumor, anti-aging regulation, which are also related to the pathogenesis of diabetes. These molecules can be used as targets for prediction, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Metabolomics, as a rising technology to study the changes of metabolites in human body quantitatively, can be a helpful tool for researchers in this area. This article reviews recent progresses about mechanism and emerging interventions of diabetes mellitus from the perspective of metabolism of gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":171070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology","volume":"75 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140513616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Microbiological Quality of Select Sanitary Pads Sold in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Opeyemi B Lawal, D. Arotupin, A. Akinsemolu","doi":"10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2023.1212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2023.1212","url":null,"abstract":"This study conducted microbiological evaluations of various brands of sanitary pads sold in Akure metropolis in Ondo State, Nigeria. The sanitary pads from different brands, including Always, Everyday, Ladycare, Ladychoice, Lovina, Rosemary, and Softcare, were collected and analyzed to determine the presence of microorganisms. Microorganisms were isolated from the sanitary pads using appropriate media such as Nutrient Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar, employing standard methods. The study revealed a diverse range of microorganisms, including bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Veillonella parvula, and Lactobacillus antri. Additionally, fungal species like Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Trichoderma sp. were isolated from the sanitary pads. The presence of microorganisms on sanitary pads underscores their non-sterile nature. While some of the isolated microorganisms have the potential to cause infections, the vaginal pH and the presence of beneficial microorganisms like Lactobacilli sp. in the vagina may counteract the risk of infections from microorganisms present in sanitary pads. Thus, sanitary pads are considered safe for use. Nonetheless, maintaining a healthy lifestyle remains crucial.","PeriodicalId":171070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing and Evaluating a Weaned Piglet Model of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Infection","authors":"Tsukahara T, Matsui T, Sawada K, Nakamura N, Imaoka T, Nakanishi N, Sato T, Hamabata T","doi":"10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2023.1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2023.1209","url":null,"abstract":"Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (ETEC) remains the main pathogen associated with post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. Here, we introduce a reliable method to develop an ETEC-infected weaned piglet model. For the first 24 h post-birth, neonatal piglets were separated from dams so that they did not receive colostrum. Afterwards, piglets were returned to the care of their mothers, until weaning (21-day-old). On days 25, 26 and 27 post-birth, piglets were orally challenged with 1011 Colony-Forming Units (CFU) of virulent ETEC strain incubated in colony-forming antigen medium and delivered in chitosan-coated capsules. In all infected piglets, severe diarrhea and typical body weight loss were observed post-infection. To simplify the work, for the newly developed method, the number of challenging ETEC cells was lowered to 1010 CFU/head and the incubation medium was changed to tryptic soy. These modifications influenced neither the diarrheal defecation ratio nor the body weight loss in piglets. To induce experimentally ETEC infection in future work, we recommend that 1010 CFU/head of ETEC cell grown in tryptic soy broth be delivered in chitosan-coated capsules to colostrum restricted piglets, because this methodology stably caused 100% diarrheal defecation and growth reduction.","PeriodicalId":171070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Microbial Peptides from Medicinal Plants as an Alternative against Multi Drug Resistance","authors":"S. A., Pamidimarri Sdvn, Chauhan S","doi":"10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1199","url":null,"abstract":"From its discovery to today, antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, and various antibiotics have been studied, discovered and put to significant application and it continues to be helpful in controlling infections. Nonetheless over application of these antibiotics have given rise to Antibiotic Resistance (AR) and Multidrug Resistant pathogens (MDR) against the various antibiotic’s agents. Anti-microbial peptides are being explored as an alternative against the prevalent issue of MDR and AR. Anti-microbial peptides are the part of host’s first line of defense mechanism of innate immune response, are small peptides its molecular weight is 2-10kDa, it holds amphiphillic properties, and is usually positively charged at neutral pH value. The advantages posed by anti-microbial peptides are many like broad antimicrobial spectrum, rapid action, and lower risk of resistance, low toxicity and high selectivity. It poses many therapeutic like anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, and immunomodulator properties as well. Plants are good source of antimicrobial peptides. A variety of applications can be achieved with plant derived antimicrobial peptides, including antibacterial, insecticide, and infection control, including the control of cellular infection by viruses. AMPs exist in different molecular forms like Cyclotides, cyclic cysteine knot, defensin, thionin, snakin- Like, hevein-like, knottin like peptides etc. It is expected that anti-microbial peptides will have a positive impact on medicine, food, industries as antifouling agents and agriculture. The major objective of this review articleis to explore and identify important antimicrobial peptides in medicinal plants like Ocimum sanctum and Santalum album.","PeriodicalId":171070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133898233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Yeasts in Apple Fruits of Cultivated and Wild Growth Forms: Total Diversity and Occurrence of Opportunistic Species","authors":"Kachalkin Av, Glushakova Am, Venzhik As","doi":"10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1198","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Apples are widely distributed in different geographical zones and are an important part of human diet. They are a popular subject for research and development of new technologies for biological protection of fruits against phytopathogens. Among yeasts, true phytopathogens are practically unknown. But among them there is a group of clinically significant species of the genus Candida. The development of these species in fruits can affect human health. Primarily, this concerns people with a weakened immune system and a genetic predisposition to mycogenic allergies. The presence of opportunistic yeasts is particularly likely in natural substrates under anthropogenic impact. This study is devoted to the comparison of endophytic yeasts of apples grown industrially and growing wild in urban areas. Results: Endophytic yeasts were detected in 80% of samples. The average yeast abundance depended (F=24.26; p < 0.01) on the sugar concentration in tissues. At a content of 7-12 °Bx, the average yeast abundance was 4.96±1.07 × 10³ CFU/g; at 12-18 °Bx, 9.61±1.09 × 10³ CFU/g. A total of 33 yeast species were isolated from apples. The greatest number of endophytes was observed in wild apples. Detection the opportunistic yeast Candida parapsilosis distinguished yeast complexes of wild apples from commercial industrial products. The relative abundance of C. parapsilosis in apples collected in the urban area exceeded 30%. Conclusion: The data on the high abundance of C. parapsilosis in endophytic yeast communities of apples collected in urban areas allow us to make a preliminary suggestion to avoid the consumption of such fruits.","PeriodicalId":171070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121198254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity Profile of Fungal Pathogens Responsible for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Yaounde","authors":"Claris K, Laure N, Leopold N, Ekobo S, Hortense G","doi":"10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1196","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infectious diseases of the respiratory tract are known as respiratory tract infections (RTIs). An infection of this type usually is further classified as an upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) or a lower respiratory tract infection (LRI or LRTI). LRIs are the leading cause of death among all infectious diseases. The objective of our study was to bring out the sensitivity profile of fungal pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections in Yaounde Methods: We carried out a transverse and descriptive study during a 6 month period (February to June 2021), at the Jamot hospital in Yaounde. Included in this study were patients suffering from a lower respiratory tract infection from whom the medical practitioner had requested a sputum or broncho alveolar liquid analysis A macroscopic, microscopic, fungal culture of the sample was carried out and a germ tube test, fungal sensitivity test as well as specie identification using the ID 32 C gallery was carried out on the positive cultures Statistical analysis was carried out using the R version 3.6.1 software. The mean was calculated with the aid of the Kruskal Wallis rank sum test. Results: 300 patients participated in this study. They had mean age ± standard deviation of 41.59 ± 17.5 years and extremities of 1 and 91years. The male /female ratio was 2:1 Fungal infection was positive in 127 patients (42.33 %), 75 (59%) Candida albicans, 25 (19.68%) Cryptococcus humicola, 10 (7.87%) Candida tropicalis, 6 (4.72%) Candida krusei, 4 (3.14%) Candida famata, 4 (3.14%) Candida sake and 3 (2.36%) Cryptococcus curvatus. As far as antifungigram is concerned, the total drug susceptibility was Nystatine (98.47%), Amphotericine B (86.91%), Miconazole (55.42%), Econazole (52.61%), Ketoconazole (52.57%) and Fluconazole (14.42%).The prevalence of fungal pathogens was 42.33%. Of the 300 patients, 71 had tuberculosis, 24 were HIV positive and 6 were diabetic we had 5 patients with HIV, tuberculosis and fungal co-infection, 16 with HIV and fungal co-infection and 6 with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection. Conclusion: This study shows a relative high prevalence (42.33%) of the colonization of the respiratory tract by fungal pathogens. The fungal pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections are Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida famata, Candida sake, Cryptococcus humicola and Cryptococcus curvatus. The drug of choice is Nystatine and Fluconazole presents a very limited activity. Additional studies should be carried out in other towns in order to better document this issue in Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":171070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121294970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal Rhinosporidosis: A Case Report of a Rare Disease","authors":"Kenna E, Djomou F, N. A, Vouffo F, Weledji E, N. R","doi":"10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1195","url":null,"abstract":"Rhinosporidiosisis a rare mycotic disease caused by Rhinosporidiumseeberithat affects both humans and animals. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with a six month history of a progressive right nasal obstruction and ipsilateral epistaxis. Clinical examination revealed a pedicled polyp on the underside of the right lower cornea of the right nostril. Histological examination of the excised polyp confirmed a rhinosporidosis. Follow-up after 2 years showed no recurrence. Although rare, it is an important differential diagnosis of a nasal polyp for a general physician to be aware of.","PeriodicalId":171070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology","volume":"2 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123744551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Acinetobacter baumannii with Soft Rot Disease of Carrot in India","authors":"Chandrashekar Bs, PrasannaKumar Mk, Buela Parivallal P, P. D, Swathi Sp, Sahana Nb, Mahesh Hb, Puneeth Me","doi":"10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1194","url":null,"abstract":"Soft rot disease of carrots is an important limiting factor of carrot production. In this study, carrot roots showing typical soft rot symptoms were identified in the fields, and diseased and healthy root samples were collected for pathogen identification. The pathogen was isolated using an enriched bell pepper method. The bell pepper developed a water-soaked lesion around the pricking region when it was pricked after stabbing the diseased root whereas, no symptoms were produced when bell pepper was pricked after stabbing a healthy carrot root. From samples of the infected roots, circular, whitish, smooth, mucoid, round, convex, and medium-sized colonies were formed on the nutrient agar medium and were morphologically identified as Acinetobacter spp. Pure culture for four isolates was obtained, and one of the isolates (AB1) was further subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing. The BLAST analysis of the 16S rDNA confirmed the identity of AB1 as Acinetobacter baumannii. Pathogenicity test using whole-root assay and slice assay proved AB1 as pathogenic on carrot by producing water-soaked lesion, maceration, and rotting symptoms, whereas water inoculated roots remain healthy. The rotting symptoms on the artificially diseased carrot roots were similar to those caused by Pectobacterium caratovorum and Klebsiella variicola on the carrot. Based on the colony morphology, biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA sequence identity followed by pathogenicity assays, it is evident that A. baumannii causes soft rot disease in carrots. This report is essential for developing specific diagnostics and management against this newly emerging bacterial pathogen of carrot.","PeriodicalId":171070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130031071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Risk Factors for their Infections at Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary Hospital in Southern China","authors":"L. J, Guo H-W, P. Q, Fu M-Z, Qiu Y-K, Wong N-K, Huang Y-C","doi":"10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2022.1193","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is highly significant opportunistic pathogens causing healthcare associated infections (HAIs) in hospital settings, notably at intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the infection status, prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of PA at ICUs of a tertiary care hospital in southern China during a one-year period (2016) and examine the clinical risk factors for HAIs by PA. Multiple-locus variablenumber tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) method was employed to analyze clonality of the strains. Our results suggested that the resistance of PA in ICUs were higher than in other wards. In terms of resistance to carbapenems, the resistance gene island (blaOXA-1+blaIMP+ant(2’’)-Ia+aac(6’)-Ib) carried in IntI was a salient feature among AMR genes. While PA infections at local ICUs seemed frequent, there were no obvious trends suggestive of outbreaks. Some epidemic strains have apparently thrived locally for substantial periods, as carriers of major AMR genes and virulence factors. For risk factors for HAIs, inappropriate treatment was found to impact empiric antibiotic therapy of PA infections, especially in the case of carbapenems, where patients often did not get proper treatment during hospitalization of more than 30 days. Multifactor analysis shows that ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was an independent risk factor for increasing the 30-day mortality rate in patients. In addition, the use of antimicrobials, duration of hospitalization and use of mechanical ventilation before isolation were independent risk factors for HAIs.","PeriodicalId":171070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133846902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm Formation and Inhibitory Effect of Essential Oils in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Benie Ckd, A. Y., Toe E, T. Yc, Atobla K, D. A.","doi":"10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2021.1192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jbacteriolmycol.2021.1192","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilm formation is a major concern in medicine, as well as in the food industry. Some infections related to bacterial biofilms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a real public health challenge. This study aimed to show the activity of essential oils on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates consisting of animal (100), environmental (20) and clinical strains (42) were identified by PCR and sequenced. Biofilm formation was assessed by the microplate method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by using Kirby–Bauer disc-diffusion method. The average biofilm formation percentages vary from 1.2 to 2.1 in 24h and from 2.3 to 3.2 in 48h. The median biofilm formation value was higher in environmental strains (1.4 ± 0.2) than in clinical (1.2 ± 0.4) and animal (1.1 ± 0.4). In decreasing order of importance, the essential oils of Mentha piperita (90 ± 5.12% at 100%), Eucalyptus globulus (34 ± 0.08% at 100%) and Lavandula angustifolia (12 ± 0.71% to 100%) showed distinct inhibitory effects on biofilm formation (p <0.05). The rate of resistance of P. aeruginosa to the antibiotics imipenem, ceftazidime, cefepime, fosfomycin and colistin varied from 12.7% to 48.4% in the biofilm status while that of plankton cells ranged from 2.3% to 15.0%. Moreover, resistance to ticarcillin, ticarcillin clavulanic acid, piperacillin and ciprofloxacin ranged from 56.4% to 83.1% in biofilm and from 29.4% to 51.4% in planktonic cells. In general, biofilm is more resistant to different antibiotics than free cells. The tested essential oils could be an effective natural control against microbial biofilm formation.","PeriodicalId":171070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126004883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}