Flavour and Fragrance Journal最新文献

{"title":"Rheological and Functional Performance of Cymbopogon flexuosus Essential Oil-Based Hydrogels for Natural Roll-On Deodorant Applications","authors":"Marjorie Benegra,&nbsp;Barbara Adrianne Zanello Broska,&nbsp;Jaqueline Kappke Zambianchi,&nbsp;Nezia de Rosso,&nbsp;Cezar Otaviano Ribeiro Negrão","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrogels based on natural polymers have been extensively investigated as carrier systems for antimicrobial actives, due to their biocompatibility and rheological properties for topical applications. In this context, the present study aimed to develop and evaluate hydrogels based on guar gum and xanthan gum, incorporating the essential oil of <i>Cymbopogon flexuosus</i>, for use in natural roll-on deodorants. The formulations were prepared using potassium alum as a mineral antimicrobial agent and the essential oil as a functional component, with bactericidal and aromatic properties. The rheological behaviour of the hydrogel bases and the final formulations was evaluated through flow curves, stress ramps and temperature-variation at constant shear-rate tests, with the results compared to those of a commercial roll-on deodorant. Microbiological assays were conducted using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion methods against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (CMRP3251), <i>Corynebacterium</i> sp. (ATCC23769), <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> (ATCC4698) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC25922). Both formulations exhibited pseudoplastic behaviour after the incorporation of the active ingredients and demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity. The xanthan gum-based hydrogels exhibited a yield stress of approximately 0.8 Pa and a viscosity exceeding 500 Pa·s at low shear rates, indicating greater retention capacity and stability at rest. In contrast, the guar gum-based systems did not show yield stress and exhibited lower initial viscosity. The results indicate that hydrogels containing xanthan gum perform improved for roll-on applications, offering better flow control, stability and potential for use in natural deodorant formulations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 6","pages":"1517-1525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Modal Interaction Between Menthol Odour and Visual Colours for Improving the Emotion Regulation","authors":"Haiyan Yu,&nbsp;Feng Zhang,&nbsp;Huan Cheng,&nbsp;Haifang Mao,&nbsp;Chen Chen,&nbsp;Jibo Liu,&nbsp;Xin Pan,&nbsp;Huaixiang Tian","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sensory properties of food mainly included aroma, appearance, taste and others, which cannot be perceived independently. In this work, we evaluated the effect of the interaction between menthol odour and visual colours including red, green and blue, on the emotion regulation using sensory evaluation and electroencephalography analysis. The results showed that menthol stimuli with a concentration of 0.1% exhibited the highest positive effect scores under green colour compared with other treatments. Meanwhile, the green colour with menthol stimuli could result in significantly higher <i>α</i> and <i>θ</i> wave power spectral densities in subjects compared with other groups. Correlation analysis results demonstrated a significant correlation between the power spectral density (PSD) of <i>α</i> and <i>θ</i> bands in the parieto-occipital region and feelings of tranquillity and overall comfort, implying the cross-modal interaction between menthol odour and green colours. This study provides preliminary neurophysiological evidence for cross-modal emotional regulation and suggests potential practical implications for packaging design and environmental optimization of menthol-containing products.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 6","pages":"1416-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oleanolic Acid Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Through Gorge-Dependent Allosteric Mechanisms: An Integrated Kinetic and Molecular Dynamics Study","authors":"Asaad Khalid,&nbsp;Fettouma Chraa,&nbsp;Doha EL Meskini,&nbsp;Hafiz A. Makeen,&nbsp;Rym Hassani,&nbsp;Mohammed Albratty,&nbsp;Zia Ur Rehman,&nbsp;Abdelhakim Bouyahya,&nbsp;Tarik Aanniz","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Potent cholinesterase inhibitors are needed for their key role in the management of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer disease (AD). Oleanolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene with known neuroprotective activity, was deeply studied as a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) through combined in vitro enzyme kinetics, molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Oleanolic acid inhibited both enzymes through a non-competitive mode, with IC₅₀ of 18.54 ± 0.3 μM for AChE and 66.46 ± 0.4 μM for BChE, and an identical <i>Kᵢ</i> of 10 ± 0.1 μM. This AChE selectivity despite equal binding affinity forms an apparent paradox that was resolved by gorge architecture. MD simulations showed that oleanolic acid migrated away from its initial docked position in the narrow AChE gorge to peripheral/PAS-adjacent residues, consistent with the non-competitive kinetic profile and blind docking. In contrast, the wider BChE gorge stably accommodated the ligand through the trajectory, with targeted and blind docking converging on the same intra-gorge site. The greater AChE inhibitory potency is attributable to the disruption of substrate-guidance and gorge-breathing dynamics in the architecturally constrained AChE system. These findings establish oleanolic acid as a gorge-architecture-dependent allosteric modulator of both cholinesterase isoforms and support its potential as a scaffold for developing dual ChE inhibitors for AD.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 6","pages":"1502-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Ionised Species on Antioxidant Enhancement in Fabaceae Plants","authors":"Amrita Harikumar Vijayakumari,&nbsp;Bangalore Suryanarayanaiah Rajanikanth,&nbsp;Prasanna Ramani","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Fabaceae family is the second largest plant family and is distributed across a variety of ecosystems. This study explores the use of pulsed-discharge plasma as a seed pre-treatment for green gram (<i>Vigna radiata</i>) and fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>), with a focus on their germination and antioxidant activity. Seeds were subjected to plasma for varying durations using a multiple pin reactor powered by high-voltage pulses (18 kV, 80 Hz). Optimal germination rates were observed at 4 min for green gram and 20 s for fenugreek. Morphological changes were analysed using SEM and FT-IR. Additionally, antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH assays, along with assessments of total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity, alongside phytochemical screening and nutritional analyses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 6","pages":"1526-1537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined Supercritical CO2 Extract of Roman Chamomile Exhibits Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Potential: A Comparative Chemical and Network Pharmacology Study","authors":"Yuyu Wang,&nbsp;Juan Xie,&nbsp;Lin Wang,&nbsp;Zhen Dong","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Roman chamomile essential oil is valued in aromatherapy for its sedative and anti-inflammatory effects, yet systematic comparisons of extracts obtained by different methods are limited. To compare the volatile profiles of Roman chamomile obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), steam distillation (SD) and refined supercritical CO₂ extraction (SFE-CO₂), and to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the refined SFE-CO₂ extract via network pharmacology. Volatile constituents were analysed by GC–MS. Multivariate statistics identified core differential compounds. Skin permeability was predicted using SwissADME. Network pharmacology was employed to explore anti-inflammatory mechanisms. A total of 122 compounds were identified. HS-SPME and SD extracts were dominated by esters and terpenes, whereas refined SFE-CO₂ extract was enriched in aldehydes, fatty acids, alkanes and a phthalide derivative. Twenty-one core differential compounds were identified; 15 enriched in SFE-CO₂ exhibited favourable predicted skin permeability. These 15 compounds targeted 15 skin inflammation-associated proteins, forming a network centred on adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1, selectins) and signalling mediators (STAT3, TLR2), with enrichment in leukocyte adhesion, AGE-RAGE and lipid metabolism pathways. SD-enriched compounds yielded only four skin-inflammation targets with minimal network connectivity. Extraction method dictates chemical composition and predicted therapeutic potential. Refined SFE-CO₂ extract possesses enhanced anti-inflammatory properties suitable for topical applications, providing a scientific basis for precision aromatherapy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 6","pages":"1379-1398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Performance of a Polymer-Based Fixative (FIXSCENT) on the Controlled Release Kinetics and Longevity of Top and Heart Notes of Alcoholic Perfume","authors":"Hassan A. Alhazmi,&nbsp;Abdulrahman N. Qramish,&nbsp;Thamer Mousa Hakami,&nbsp;Rasmiah S. AlMufarij,&nbsp;Waquar Ahsan,&nbsp;Asim Najmi,&nbsp;Khalid Zoghebi,&nbsp;Mohammed Albratty","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of high-quality perfumes requires the longevity and release profile of their fragrance components, particularly the top and heart notes. There are several approaches employed to reduce the rate of evaporation of its volatile aromatic compounds; one of those is the use of effective delivery technologies to control the release and evaporation of the highly volatile aromatic components. The sustained release fragrance formulations are trade secrets of perfume manufacturers, and only a limited number of sustained release reagents are available in the market. However, the performance of such reagents on the sustained release kinetics of fragrance components remains underexplored. In the present study, the effect of varying concentrations of a modern fixative (FIXSCENT-2%) on the evaporation and release patterns of top notes and heart notes of a model perfume formulation was studied. A series of perfume samples (20% <i>w/w</i>) containing varying concentrations of FIXSCENT (0%, 5%, and 10% <i>w/w</i>) was prepared, and the release of selected top notes and heart notes was monitored over 24 h using a combination of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and sensory evaluation techniques. The results indicated a sustained release pattern and a significant delay in the release of both top and heart notes upon addition of 5% FIXSCENT; however, exceeding its concentration from 5% to 10% showed lesser performance, which could be due to over-network trapping of the perfume components. The addition of 5% fixative successfully prolonged the retention of top notes by 94.46%, while the heart notes experienced a delay in the release by 59.97%. On the other hand, the addition of 10% fixative showed a 47.50% increase in the retention of top notes and a 48.36% increase in the heart notes. These findings suggested that the controlled use of this fixative product, FIXSCENT, can effectively control the release and evaporation of volatile components in perfumes without affecting the smell intensity, and thereby can enhance their longevity, endurance, and user experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 6","pages":"1552-1562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ffj.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Investigation of Pancratium maritimum (Amaryllidaceae) Essential Oil: Chemical Profiling During Two Different Growth Stages, Allelopathic, Amylase Inhibitory Activities, and Molecular Docking Analysis","authors":"Marwa Melliti,&nbsp;Mabrouk Horchani,&nbsp;Hayet Edziri","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The essential oil composition of the aerial parts of <i>Pancratium maritimum</i> L., a fragrant plant, growing in Djerba Island (South of Tunisia) in two development stages is discussed in this research, with a focus on its allelopathic properties and α-amylase inhibition. In fact, phytochemicals in <i>Pancratium maritimum</i> essential oils during vegetative and flowering seasons were identified by gas chromatography-FID and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. An in vitro spectrophotometric assay based on a colorimetric method was used to test the α-amylase inhibitory effect. Eventually, allelopathic effects against radish and lettuce seeds germination as well as roots and stems elongation were assessed by an in vitro test, and an <i>in silico</i> study via molecular docking was performed to identify a possible mechanism of action that correlated with the α-amylase inhibitory and allelopathic effects. Results showed a significant difference between the two tested essential oils: phenylpropanoids (9.9%), alcohols (39.7%), and hydrogenated monoterpenes (5.49%) were abundant during flowering season; however, diterpene alcohols (20.76%) and hydrocarbons (14.68%) were among the predominant phytochemicals found in the vegetative stage. α-Amylase Inhibition assay demonstrated that the inhibitory effect reached 86.2% at 2.5 mg/mL and 90.14% at 5 mg/mL. Allelopathic activity of <i>Pancratium maritimum</i> essential oil displayed high germination inhibition (70.85% for lettuce seeds) and it significantly inhibits the elongation of radish stems and lettuce roots by 93.63% and 90.7%, respectively, at a concentration of 4 mg/mL. In addition, primary oil components showed substantial inhibitory effect against human pancreatic α-amylase and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvated oxygenase (HPPD), according to molecular docking study. These results highlight <i>P. maritimum</i> essential oil's potential as a hypoglycemic and allelopathic agent that affects radish and lettuce development and seed germination.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 6","pages":"1579-1595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungitoxic Potential of Secondary Eucalyptus Metabolites in the Inhibition of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora Isolated From Macadamia","authors":"Dalton Longue Júnior,&nbsp;Catia dos Santos Libarino,&nbsp;Quelmo Silva de Novaes,&nbsp;Patrícia Baier Krepsky,&nbsp;Gabriela Nunes Santana,&nbsp;Bruno Oliveira Moreira,&nbsp;Laura da Silva Rocha,&nbsp;Victor Vinicius Sousa Martinelli Sales","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal diseases are responsible for serious injury in forest plantations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the fungitoxic potential of the secondary metabolites in <i>Corymbia citriodora</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> and <i>Eucalyptus urophylla</i> leaves for inhibiting the mycelial growth of the <i>Neopestalotiopsis clavispora</i>fungus isolated from macadamia. The essential oils were obtained by the steam drag technique and the aqueous plant extracts by the turbolysis technique, where the yield was determined by the gravimetric method. <i>N. clavispora</i> fungus was cultivated in PDA culture medium with plant extracts at the 18,000, 36,000 and 54,000 ppm dosages and essential oils at the 30, 80, 130 and 180 ppm dosages. The colonies were evaluated after seven days of incubation considering their diameters and the mycelial growth inhibition percentage of the fungus. <i>C. citriodora</i> essential oil provided 100% inhibition at all tested dosages. Essential oils and plant extracts showed better inhibition efficiency when using higher dosages. <i>C. citriodora</i> essential oil was classified as a fungicide in high dosages and fungistatic in low dosages, in addition to the plant extracts of all studied species. Plant extracts provided less inhibition than essential oils. <i>C. citriodora</i> essential oil showed high inhibition efficiency in all tested doses. The presence of citronellal and citronellol compounds in the <i>C. citriodora</i> essential oil were more associated to the fungicidal effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 6","pages":"1438-1445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ffj.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervention Effects of Cyperus rotundus Essential Oil on PCPA-Induced Insomnia in Mice and Analysis of Human EEG Rhythm Regulation","authors":"JianCai Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaolong Leng,&nbsp;Zhiqing Zhou,&nbsp;Yunwei Niu,&nbsp;Yurong Sun,&nbsp;Qinglei Liu","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we systematically elucidated the sleep-promoting mechanisms of <i>Cyperus rotundus</i> essential oil (CRO) utilising a comprehensive multidimensional approach encompassing network pharmacology, animal models, and human electroencephalography (EEG). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified key volatile constituents, notably cyperene and thujopsene. Subsequent network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed 76 intersecting targets between CRO and insomnia, pinpointing ESR1, GSK3B, and MMP9 as core therapeutic proteins mediating the sedative effects. These computational predictions were robustly validated in vivo using a *<i>p</i>*-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomnia mouse model. Behavioural assessments demonstrated that CRO inhalation significantly reduced sleep latency, prolonged sleep duration, and ameliorated anxiety-like behaviours. Mechanistically, CRO successfully reversed central hyper-arousal by suppressing hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, restoring neurotransmitter homeostasis (upregulating GABA and 5-HT, downregulating GLU and DA), mitigating oxidative stress, and attenuating neuroinflammation. Furthermore, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations confirmed that CRO protected hippocampal neuronal architecture and significantly upregulated 5-HT1A and GABAA receptor expression, thereby validating the predicted receptor signalling pathways. Translating these findings to human subjects, EEG spectral and topographic analyses demonstrated that CRO olfactory stimulation effectively enhanced low-frequency delta and theta wave energies, successfully inducing a profound state of cortical relaxation. Collectively, these multidimensional in vivo and clinical findings strongly corroborate the in silico predictions, highlighting CRO as a highly promising, multi-target natural therapeutic agent for the management of insomnia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 6","pages":"1399-1415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional Analysis of Key Aroma Compounds in Jingmai Ancient Arbor Pu'er Tea: Aroma Identification, Sensory Evaluation, and Molecular Docking","authors":"Xingran Kou,&nbsp;Guosong Tang,&nbsp;Chi-Tang Ho,&nbsp;Qinfei Ke,&nbsp;Kang-Ying Qian,&nbsp;Ming Fu,&nbsp;Yiqing Su,&nbsp;Xin Huang","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Jingmai Mountain, the world's only tea-related World Heritage Site, produces Pu'er tea with distinctive aromas. This study integrates aroma identification, sensory evaluation, and molecular docking to multidimensionally analyse the aroma of Jingmai Pu'er tea. Firstly, 51 aroma compounds were identified from three types of Jingmai Pu'er teas using GC–MS and GC-IMS. Then, 18 key aroma compounds were confirmed based on odour activity values (OAV). Through recombination and omission tests, 9 aromas were found to be essential for Jingmai ancient arbor Pu'er tea—including linalool, β-ionone, and methyl salicylate. Subsequently, these 18 key aroma compounds were docked with 74 high-confidence human olfactory receptors (ORs), and a binding energy matrix was constructed based on the docking results. Based on this matrix analysis, it was found that certain olfactory receptors exhibited stronger predicted affinity for the aromas of Jingmai Pu'er tea, such as OR1A1, OR2AG1, OR10AG1. Overall, this work systematically analysed the aroma characteristics of Jingmai Pu'er tea and explored the potential association between the key aroma compounds of JM-PANT and human olfactory receptors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 5","pages":"1103-1111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}