{"title":"Removal of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate using bagasse fly ash and surface functionalized modified fly ash from aqueous solutions","authors":"Arun Kumar, Alok Kumar Singh, Kaman Singh, Anil Mishra, Utkarsh Dixit, Ankita Agarwal","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12787","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsde.12787","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the efficacy of a cost-effective, functionalized adsorbent derived from bagasse fly ash (FA) for the removal of the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) from aqueous solutions. The raw bagasse FA underwent a modification process involving reflux with TiO<sub>2</sub> in NaOH at 100°C for 24 h, resulting in a modified fly ash (MFA). Comparative analyses of the sorbents were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface area of the original FA was found to be 10.795 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, which increased to 30.597 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> postmodification. Similarly, the crystallinity of FA was initially 49.36% and enhanced to 79.70% after the modification process. The adsorption process of SDBS onto both FA and MFA were found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. Moreover, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was the most fitting model, as evidenced by the <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values at 298 K for SDBS-FA (0.99) and SDBS-MFA (0.99), both of which are remarkably close to unity. The dimensionless separation factor (<i>R</i><sub>L</sub>) was determined to be less than one, indicating favorable adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities predicted by the Langmuir model are 156.00 mg/g for FA and a notably higher 231.48 mg/g for MFA. Thermodynamic analysis revealed a positive change in enthalpy (Δ<i>H</i><sup>o</sup>) for SDBS-FA and SDBS-MFA of 54.50 and 124.48 KJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, suggesting endothermic adsorption. Additionally, the Gibbs free energy (Δ<i>G</i><sup>o</sup>) was negative for both SDBS-FA and SDBS-MFA, suggesting that the adsorption of SDBS is spontaneous.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 1","pages":"171-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Inez C. Barata, Matheus Henrique C. Cavalcanti, Raquel D. Rufino, Fabíola Carolina G. de Almeida, Leonie A. Sarubbo
{"title":"Optimized production and properties of biosurfactant from Bacillus invictae UCP1617 and its performance in a detergent formulation for environmental applications","authors":"Maria Inez C. Barata, Matheus Henrique C. Cavalcanti, Raquel D. Rufino, Fabíola Carolina G. de Almeida, Leonie A. Sarubbo","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12788","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsde.12788","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work describes the production of a novel biosurfactant produced by the bacterium <i>Bacillus invictae</i> UCP1617 cultivated using an alternative substrate and its use in the formulation of an eco-friendly detergent. A factorial design was used to optimize agitation, temperature, and inoculum size in a mineral medium containing 1.5% corn steep liquor in 100-mL shake flasks. The best conditions (175 rpm, 28°C, and 4% inoculum) were used to scale up biosurfactant production in a 50-L bioreactor. Surface tension of the fermentation medium decreased from 69.5 to 30.2 mN/m within 72 h. The biosurfactant exhibited a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.900 ± 0.08 g/L. The biosurfactant formed stable oil-in-water emulsions of motor oil and petroleum, achieving emulsification indices of 90.80% and 99.00%, respectively. An eco-friendly detergent was formed that included biosurfactant at several different concentrations, 0.2 (wt) % hydroxyethyl cellulose and 0.2% potassium sorbate. The detergent remained stable under extreme conditions of pH, temperature, and salinity when stored for 90 days. The detergent was nontoxic to cabbage, cherry tomato plants, and the microcrustacean <i>Artemia salina</i>. A detergent formulation containing biosurfactant at the CMC completely dispersed motor oil in seawater at a 1:1 surfactant/oil (vol/vol) ratio and removed 99.21% of motor oil (20 mL) contained in 60 g of clayey soil. The detergent removed 98.42% of the oil adhered to a glass surface and removed 75.00% of motor oil adsorbed to a porous surface. The application of this biosurfactant as an environmentally friendly additive for remediation processes is feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 1","pages":"155-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kannan Jamuna, Amal Tom Sebastian, Senthilmurugan Subbiah, Narayanan Selvapalam, Sivakumar Shanmugam
{"title":"Phenanthridium-based conjugated probe for selective detection of anionic surfactant","authors":"Kannan Jamuna, Amal Tom Sebastian, Senthilmurugan Subbiah, Narayanan Selvapalam, Sivakumar Shanmugam","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12785","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsde.12785","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The quaternary ammonium complex of (2-(methylthio)indeno[1,2,3-gh]phenanthridin-1-yl)(phenyl)methanone (QAC) has been employed as a new and simple fluorescence sensor for detection of the anionic surfactant; sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), through fluorescence light-up. The generation of electrostatic interaction and associated intermolecular arrangement between the probe and anionic surfactant is responsible for the fluorescence enhancement and subsequent selectivity towards the anionic surfactant. Concurrently, the probe was unaltered by the presence of cationic and non-ionic systems. Utilizing this property, we were able to construct a facile and efficient method for the detection of anionic surfactants, featuring LOD values up to 1.1 μM concentrations in dimethylsulfoxide solvent. The light-up detection was also confirmed via lifetime studies, with superior increments in average lifetime decay values (0.33–2.7 ns). The practical/real-time applications of probe QAC as a sensor have also been investigated and successfully demonstrated via its ability to detect anionic surfactants from commercially available home usage products.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 1","pages":"147-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increase proportion of di-rhamnolipids biosynthesized from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and evaluation of relationship between activity and di-rhamnolipids proportion","authors":"Yuting Wu, Baohang Wang, Yanru Wang, Yitong Yang, Feng Zhao","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12786","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsde.12786","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rhamnolipids, simply divided into mono-rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids, their physicochemical properties are structure-dependent. This study explored to increase the proportion of di-rhamnolipids biosynthesized from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and evaluate the relationship between activity and di-rhamnolipids proportions. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> SGrhlC was constructed by increasing the <i>rhlC</i> gene in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> SG. HPLC-MS results indicated that SGrhlC produced more di-rhamnolipids (62.32%) than that of the wild-type strain SG (45.24%). Both the species and proportion of di-rhamnolipids were increased, mainly Rha-Rha-C<sub>8</sub>-C<sub>10</sub> and Rha-Rha-C<sub>10</sub>-C<sub>10</sub>. The rhamnolipids produced by SGrhlC was thermostable and salt-tolerant. The SGrhlC rhamnolipids decreased surface tension of water to 27.0 mN/m with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 50 mg/L and emulsified crude oil with an emulsification index of 66.9 ± 1.5%. The SGrhlC rhamnolipids exhibited antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Cladosporium</i> sp. with IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values less than 15 mg/L, and washed 73.02% ± 1.77% of oil from petroleum-contaminated soil. Physicochemical activities of three bacterial rhamnolipids varied with their di-rhamnolipids proportions. Results indicated that the higher proportions of di-rhamnolipids were, the lower CMC, better surface activity and higher washing oil rate were, while the weaker emulsifying activity and lower antimicrobial activity were. The SGrhlC rhamnolipids showed better surface activity and a lower critical micelle concentration, which was superior for wetting, foaming, desorbing and dispersing. This study revealed that <i>P. aeruginosa</i> can be genetically regulated to biosynthesize rhamnolipids with specific structure. Perspectives of the customized biosynthesis and applications of rhamnolipids were also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"27 5","pages":"813-821"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects of Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes mushroom extracts-loaded niosomes","authors":"Saeed Zalnezhad, Mahboubeh Adeli-Sardou, Maryam Roostaee, Mahmood Barani, Mohammad Mirzaei, Ghasem Sargazi","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12782","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsde.12782","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the potential synergy effect of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> and <i>Lentinus edodes</i> mushroom extracts delivered through niosomes (composed of Span 40, Tween 40, and cholesterol) for anti-cancer and antimicrobial applications. GC–MS analysis revealed bioactive compounds such as d-limonene, ascorbic acid, and ergosterol in the extracts, known for their anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects. The niosomal formulations exhibited improved physical properties, with sizes ranging from 96 to 160 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) values in the range of 0.29–0.54, suggesting that the niosomes had an acceptable size distribution and homogeneity. In cell culture studies, the niosomal formulations demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects on A549 lung cancer cells, with the combination of both extracts leading to a notable decrease in cell viability to 14.86%. Additionally, the combination of <i>G. lucidum</i> and <i>L. edodes</i> extracts in niosomal form showed varying and potent antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria (<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) and fungi (<i>Candida albicans</i>) with lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared to their free form, indicating a potential synergistic effect. The findings highlight the potential synergistic anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects of the combined mushroom extracts delivered through niosomes, offering valuable insights for developing novel drug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 1","pages":"133-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poonam Chauhan, Prithwidip Saha, Thiruvancheril G. Gopakumar, Ramesh Ramapanicker
{"title":"Microscopic growth of pyridinium oxime based amphipathic on graphite: Effect of relative position of substituents","authors":"Poonam Chauhan, Prithwidip Saha, Thiruvancheril G. Gopakumar, Ramesh Ramapanicker","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12783","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsde.12783","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amphipathic molecules with surfactant like properties have several applications ranging from healthcare to the chemical industry. Their ability to form thin films on surfaces with ordered and controllable patterns determines their applicability. Here, we report two pyridinium oxime-based surfactants, which possess similar aggregation properties in solution, but exhibit substantially different assembly on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. The two compounds are regioisomers with the oxime unit placed either in <i>meta</i> or <i>para</i> position of the pyridinium ring. While the <i>para</i> isomer assembled to anisotropic one-dimensional (1D) islands and long rod-like structures, the <i>meta</i> isomer formed two-dimensional (2D) islands on the HOPG surface. This difference is rationalized through molecular level force-field calculations that show anisotropy in the growth of the <i>para</i> isomer resulting from an effective overlap of the alkyl chains and oxime groups, which is distinctly not feasible in the assembly of the <i>meta</i> isomer. The assembly of these compounds is compared with another oxime-containing compound of similar structure, but without the charged pyridinium unit. The charged unit seems to be crucial for the preferential formation of multilayer islands even at low coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 1","pages":"123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spray-dried immobilized lipase from Staphylococcus aureus HA25 for application in detergent industry","authors":"Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu, Alper Baran, Hatice Bayrakceken","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12784","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsde.12784","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to produce an active lipase detergent additive dry powder using spray drying. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> HA25, growing at a pH range of 5.0–8.5, was isolated from Erzurum gogermis cheese and purified using a three-phase partitioning technique. Optimal immobilization processing conditions were determined for 0.1% wt/wt chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate concentrations of pure lipase enzyme. Morphological features of the immobilized enzyme structure were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and structural characterizations were determined using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the natural structure of the lipase was largely restored upon reconstitution of the spray-dried immobilized lipase structures in water. While the free enzyme removed 52.6% of the oil added to the cotton fabric, the immobilized lipase@alginate enzyme removed ~98% of the oil added to the cotton fabric at the highest rate when used as a detergent additive. It was found that the reusability activity of chitosan@lipase, alginate@lipase, and chitosan/alginate@lipase enzymes remained at 86.4%, 92.8%, and 88.6% of their original activity, respectively. The study suggests that immobilized variations of the lipase enzyme within chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate matrices may serve as a natural, secure, and efficient substitute for conventional chemical detergents, offering a non-toxic alternative for additive materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 1","pages":"107-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mina Kurose, Tomohiro Sato, Shigekazu Yano, Yoshimune Nonomura
{"title":"Controlling the antibacterial activity of surfactants by hydrotrope addition","authors":"Mina Kurose, Tomohiro Sato, Shigekazu Yano, Yoshimune Nonomura","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12780","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsde.12780","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrotropes are amphiphiles that improve the water solubility of hydrophobic substances. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effects of eight hydrotropes on the antibacterial activity of fatty acids solubilized in a micellar system. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as an indicator, and CMC was calculated for interfacial properties based on the measurement of the surface tension and the solubilization behavior of the oil-soluble dye. The solubilization of lauric acid (12:0 FA) in the micelles of nonionic surfactants increased and decreased the antibacterial activities of the surfactants against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, respectively. The addition of the hydrotropes decreased the antibacterial activity of the surfactants against both <i>Staphylococci</i>. However, on introducing small amounts of 12:0 FA, the surfactants exhibited selective antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>. These antibacterial phenomena were observed at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration of the surfactants. These findings suggest that the addition of hydrotropes affects the interfacial properties and antibacterial activity of micellar systems containing antibacterial ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 1","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance and mildness of alkyl glycoside hydroxypropyl sulfonate","authors":"Kuan Chang, Baotong Jia","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12781","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsde.12781","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alkyl glycoside hydroxypropyl sulfonate (APGSHS), as a kind of anionic surfactant was successfully prepared using sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate and alkyl polyglucoside (APG). The surface and application properties of APGSHS were studied in detail. The results showed that APGSHS showed much enhanced solubility and there for better foaming and detergency properties than APG due to the introduction of sulfonate group. Then, the mildness of APGSHS and commercially available mild surfactants was compared using zein test and hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) test. APGSHS has higher mildness than other surfactants, such as potassium lauroylglycinate (PLG), lauramidopropyl betaine (LAB), and sodium laurylmethyl taurate (LMT). The mechanism of mildness was investigated by studying the interaction between APGSHS and protein using zein model through micelle behavior and protein structure. It was observed that compared to other anionic surfactants such as sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), APGSHS possesses a larger hydrophilic head group and causes less damage to the secondary structure of zein. Finally, the effect of different surfactants on the hair keratin loss during washing was evaluated. The results showed APGSHS had a minimal damaging effect on keratin in the hair, resulting in the lowest protein loss. This work suggests APGSHS as a promising ingredient for green and mild cleaning products.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janet R. McMillan, Daniel S. Miller, Caroline Nimako-Boateng, Lauren Wilson, Tzu-Chi Kuo, Micol Frederica Tesoldi, Timothy Young, Aslin Izmitli
{"title":"The interfacial properties of biosurfactant mixtures","authors":"Janet R. McMillan, Daniel S. Miller, Caroline Nimako-Boateng, Lauren Wilson, Tzu-Chi Kuo, Micol Frederica Tesoldi, Timothy Young, Aslin Izmitli","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12777","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsde.12777","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is growing global demand to transition to more sustainable surfactant technologies. Towards this vision, bio-based surfactants and biosurfactants are being explored as alternatives to traditional petrochemical surfactants. However, the transition towards these technologies is expected to be gradual, therefore there is a critical need to formulate new biosurfactants in combination with traditional surfactant classes such as alkoxylates, sulfates and amine-oxides to achieve a balance of performance, cost, and sustainability. To this end, we report a study of the impact of sophorolipid biosurfactants on the cloud point of alcohol ethoxylates, and on the surface tension and foaming of alkyl sulfate/amine-oxide mixtures. We make the surprising finding that high-acid sophorolipids can act as highly efficient hydrotropes and increase the cloud point of alcohol ethoxylates. In sulfate/amine-oxide mixtures, models of experimental data suggest that both high-acid and high-lactone sophorolipids can replace 40–50% of the primary surfactants without significant changes to the surface tension or foaming performance. These findings will enable the next-generation of high performing sustainable cleaning formulations to be realized.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"27 5","pages":"769-780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}