Journal of Surfactants and Detergents最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of ecotoxicological effects of sophorolipids on duckweed, Spirodela polyrrhiza","authors":"Junqian Shao,&nbsp;Guangshun Li,&nbsp;Rongyue Jiang,&nbsp;Zhigang Jin,&nbsp;Huipei Han,&nbsp;Yanfeng Huo,&nbsp;Shangpei Xun,&nbsp;Xiaojing Ma","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12845","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the ecotoxicological effects of sophorolipids (SLs), biosurfactants with potential environmental applications, on the aquatic plant <i>Spirodela polyrhiza</i> (duckweed). Key growth indicators, including biomass, foliose thalli, and leaf area, were examined under varying SL concentrations. Results indicated that low to moderate SL concentrations (below 100 mg/L) had minimal adverse effects on duckweed growth, whereas higher concentrations (200–300 mg/L) significantly inhibited growth and triggered stress responses. Morphological and physiological assessments revealed that elevated SL concentrations caused substantial frond wilting, root hair damage, and reductions in photosynthetic pigments. Antioxidant responses, such as glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, increased adaptively at low to moderate SL concentrations but declined at higher levels, indicating severe oxidative stress. Despite these adverse effects, <i>S. polyrhiza</i> exhibited a remarkable ability to degrade SLs even at high concentrations, demonstrating the exceptional biodegradability of SLs. Overall, the findings emphasize the relative safety of SLs at low to moderate concentrations in aquatic environments, underscoring their potential as environmentally friendly surfactants when used responsibly.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 4","pages":"883-896"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gramicidin and chlorhexidine encapsulated in bicontinuous microemulsions: Antimicrobial activity performance and their impact on self-assembly","authors":"Douglas G. Hayes,&nbsp;Riley Arp,&nbsp;Doris H. D'Souza,&nbsp;Manjula Senanayake,&nbsp;Wellington C. Leite,&nbsp;Sai Venkatesh Pingali,&nbsp;Volker S. Urban","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12842","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The utility of bicontinuous microemulsions (BMEs) as carriers of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gramicidin D and antiseptic chlorhexidine was investigated for possible topical delivery to chronic wounds. The two water-insoluble solutes dissolved in pre-formed one-phase BMEs of Water/Polysorbate 80/Limonene/Ethanol/Glycerol and Water/Aerosol-OT (AOT)/Polysorbate 85/Isopropyl Myristate and an AOT/Polysorbate 85 Winsor-III system, achieving gramicidin and chlorhexidine concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 0.5% individually and 0.5% and 0.3% in mixtures at 22°C, respectively. Small-angle neutron scattering measurements demonstrated that both solutes decreased surfactant interfacial activity and increased interfacial fluidity for the Polysorbate 80 system. For the AOT/Polysorbate 85 systems, ellipsoidal aggregates consisting of gramicidin and likely adsorbed surfactant and oil formed, while chlorhexidine enhanced the surface activity of surfactants. According to bioassays performed on artificial skin, the incorporation of melittin, gramicidin, and chlorhexidine in general enhanced the bioactivity of Polysorbate 80 BMEs for 24 h treatment against relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria found on skin relative to controls. Yet, BME treatments were less effective than aqueous melittin control, in contrast to well diffusion bioassays performed previously. The results reflect the strong impact of AMPs and antiseptics on BME structure and dynamics and the complexity of formulating BMEs for optimal antimicrobial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 4","pages":"845-859"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsde.12842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium hypochlorite in cleaning products: Effects on surfactant/oil/water formulations calculated from the hydrophilic–lipophilic difference model","authors":"Nancy A. Falk","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12837","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this short communication, the role of sodium hypochlorite as a salt in a surfactant-oil–water system is explored through calculations of the hydrophilic–lipophilic difference model. The effect of hypochlorite salt on hydrophilic–lipophilic difference (HLD) is mathematically calculated for anionic (sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and sodium cocoate) and a zwitterionic surfactant (cocoamidopropyl betaine) having different surfactant parameters (sometimes referred to as characteristic curvatures). Model systems typical of hypochlorite cleaning products showed negative HLD values for lipid soils, but near zero for essential oil components and other low-equivalent alkane carbon number oils.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 4","pages":"837-844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of rhamnolipids, anionic surfactants, and Al2O3 nanoparticles on the viscosity of distilled water-based fluids: A comparative experimental study","authors":"Hemantkumar H. Kadam,&nbsp;Ashok T. Pise","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12844","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This experimental study examines the effect of different surfactants—sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and bio-surfactant rhamnolipids (RHL)—on the viscosity of distilled water (DW) with varying concentrations of aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles (NPs). Al₂O₃ NPs were used in concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, while surfactant concentrations ranged from 2000 to 4000 ppm for SDS and SLS and from 200 to 600 ppm for RHL. Viscometric experiments revealed that the type and concentration of surfactants, along with the NP loading, influenced the viscosity of nanofluids (NFs). NFs without surfactant exhibited consistently higher viscosities compared with DW with surfactant alone. At 0.5 wt% Al₂O₃, NF viscosity was 17% higher than SDS and RHL and 9% higher than SLS. Interestingly, in DW with both surfactant and NPs, viscosity initially decreased with increasing Al₂O₃ concentration, followed by a rapid increase after 0.1 wt%. These results offer insights into the interaction between surfactants and NPs, relevant for industries requiring precise viscosity control, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 4","pages":"823-836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt effects on the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) equation","authors":"Marlee Leonard,&nbsp;Zahra Abbasian Chaleshtari,&nbsp;Steven T. Adamy,&nbsp;Robert T. Zehr,&nbsp;Dave Sabatini,&nbsp;Jeffrey H. Harwell,&nbsp;Brian P. Grady","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12843","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hydrophilic–lipophilic difference (HLD) equation is being used extensively for designing oil-in-water based surfactant systems to maximize oil solubility and minimize oil–water interfacial tension. However, the equation was developed for and almost always presumes that the salt is sodium chloride. The work described in this paper extends the equation to other monovalent cations (Li, K) and divalent anions (CO₃). The equation was adjusted for molecular weight and the number of cations in the salt. For anionic surfactants, the Hofmeister series successfully qualitatively predicts that the salt concentration to reach HLD = 0 scales with Li &gt; Na &gt; K, that is, the surfactant with lithium requires more salt for the water to reach the hydrophobicity required. Although the exact salt concentration depends on the anionic surfactant headgroup, the difference in optimal salinity between two cations appears to not be dependent on headgroup. Also, CO₃ reduces the activity of the cation as compared to Cl. For narrow-range alcohol ethoxylates, there is little difference between Na and K; while Li requires more salt for a given increase in hydrocarbon number of carbons to reach HLD = 0. A broad-range ethoxylate gives inconsistent results, which we attribute to the finite solubility of some surfactant components in the oil.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 4","pages":"813-822"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A thorough analysis of surfactant addition effects on the thermophysical properties and stability of nanofluids","authors":"H. H. Kadam,&nbsp;A. T. Pise","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12834","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Researchers are mainly suggesting that optimizing the heat efficiency of thermal apparatus by dispersing nanoparticles into the foundation fluid will boost its heat efficiency in boiling sectors. Many investigators conduct research on factors such as fluid properties, bubble growth and bubble dynamics, heater surface effect, and so forth. However, the problem of deficiency in stability created by nanoparticle sedimentation or agglomeration into the base fluid over time has restricted practicable applications, which has drawn considerable attention in recent years. To overcome that, many researchers used a common technique, the addition of stabilizing agents like surfactants/additives into the nanofluids (NFs) to achieve stability. Understanding the behavior of surfactants in NFs and their effect on various important physical properties of the working fluid is required. In this review, firstly discuss the impact of adding surfactants on the stability of an aqueous solution. Additionally, it provides a concise assessment of how the inclusion of surfactants affects different thermal physical characteristics like interfacial tension, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions or NFs. Finally, it outlines the primary obstacles and challenges encountered by researchers that continue to be areas of focus for future investigations concerning NFs containing surfactants.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 4","pages":"775-812"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of sodium benzoate on key colloid properties of sodium lauryl ether sulfate: Identification of a possible interfacial structure decoupler","authors":"Ericson Mata-Zabala,&nbsp;Luz Margarita Rattia Bravo,&nbsp;Álvaro Javier Patiño-Agudelo,&nbsp;Lucas Santos Silva,&nbsp;Nelson Barrios,&nbsp;Juan Pereira","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12839","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surfactant–oil–water (SOW) systems, particularly when packaged in metal containers, require chemical reagents with preservative and anticorrosive properties. This study aims to investigate the influence of sodium benzoate (NaBz) on fundamental interfacial properties of the surfactant lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) with two ethoxylation units (EO = 2). Using a combination of surface tension, electrical conductivity, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements, we evaluated SLES systems in the presence of NaCl, NaBz, and various mixtures of these salts using salinity scans, at room temperature. NaBz inhibits the formation of triphasic system in SOW formulation. The thermodynamic stability of SLES micelles followed the order: <span></span><math>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>mic</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mtext>NaCl</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>mic</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mtext>NaBz</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 <mo>~</mo>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>mic</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mo>:</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>mic</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msubsup></math> with entropy being the primary driving force. The results suggest that NaBz acts as a potential interfacial structure decoupler. This novel behavior of NaBz may have important implications for its use in SOW systems, particularly in formulations requiring stability and integrity in aggregation state.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 4","pages":"763-773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyridinium surfactants can modulate the UV response of methyl green dye-doped polymeric films for sensor development","authors":"Daiany Ceccon Signorelli,&nbsp;Álvaro Javier Patiño-Agudelo,&nbsp;Gabriel Max Dias Ferreira,&nbsp;Aparecida Barbosa Mageste,&nbsp;Sérgio Sherrer Thomasi,&nbsp;Giovana Azevedo Ferreira,&nbsp;Guilherme Max Dias Ferreira","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12836","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Concerns about ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) are increasing due to climate change. The effects of UV-R on living organisms depend on exposure duration and intensity, making it crucial to monitor UV-R levels. In this study, we investigated the role of surfactants as photosensitizing or stabilizing agents in a colorimetric sensor based on a polymeric film doped with methyl green dye. The films were synthesized using the casting technique from a filmogenic solution containing either carboxylated polyvinyl alcohol (P1) or hydroxylated polyvinyl alcohol (P2). We evaluated the impact of surfactant structure (dodecylpyridinium chloride, C12; hexadecylpyridinium chloride, C16; or sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and concentration on the colorimetric response of the films to UV-R. Color changes were monitored using the CIELab system. The results showed that, under UV-R exposure for up to 5 h, films without surfactants did not lose their blue hue (negative b* parameter in CIELab). While SDS stabilized the dye in the polymeric matrix, films containing pyridinium surfactants (C12 or C16) changed color from blue to pale yellow (positive b* parameter in CIELab). The color change, which was modulated by surfactant concentration, was attributed to radical reactions involving the pyridinium surfactants, influenced by their hydrophobicity and the polymer structure. These results represent a significant advancement in colorimetric sensors for UV-R, as they allow for the modulation of the sensor's response time through surfactant concentration in the polymeric film.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 4","pages":"747-761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding perfume deposition mechanisms on different textile substrates in a realistic laundering process","authors":"Luca Marcotullio,&nbsp;Péter Gröb,&nbsp;Stefano Scialla,&nbsp;Pieter Saveyn","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12832","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The laundering process is an essential routine for maintaining the cleanliness and freshness of textiles. Achieving an efficient deposition and retention of fragrances on different fabric types remains a complex challenge. This study provides a novel comparison of the impact on perfume deposition of different fabric types across wash cycle stages and wash conditions. The critical role of perfume redeposition during rinsing is examined, where micelles entrapped in the textile matrix break due to surfactant concentrations dropping below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), resulting in the release and subsequent redeposition on fabrics of perfume raw materials (PRMs) contained in the micelles. Our findings reveal that adsorption kinetics are faster on cotton compared with polyester. Cotton, due to its amphoteric nature, exhibits greater interaction with water molecules during rinsing, leading to more significant PRM loss. Conversely, polyester demonstrates a higher PRM retention capacity, which can be attributed to its hydrophobic nature. Surprisingly, however, we find that redeposition during the rinse steps of hydrophobic PRMs is more pronounced on cotton than polyester, which may be due to their respective water retention capacities and consequent effect on the micelle breaking mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 4","pages":"731-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coumarin-triazole hybridized as therapeutic-based niosomes for advanced drug release of Cefixime against multi-drug resistance Salmonella enterica","authors":"Samiullah Burki,&nbsp;Imdad Ali,&nbsp;Zeba Gul Burki,&nbsp;Sarzamin Khan,&nbsp;Mahmood Fazal,&nbsp;Riaz Ullah,&nbsp;Ismail Shah,&nbsp;Zafar Ali Shah,&nbsp;Muhammad Raza Shah","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12830","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has become a massive problem for healthcare systems. This could result in serious consequences for treating bacterial infections, including treatment failure. In turn, drug resistance has promoted the development of more effective antibacterial agents. Niosomes are considered efficient agents for the enhancement of the antibacterial activity of antibiotics. Herein, Coumarin-triazole hybrid (CAT) niosomes were developed and evaluated against extensively drug-resistant <i>Salmonella enterica</i> (XDR <i>S. enterica</i>). The Cefixime-loaded CAT niosomal vesicle average particle size was 342 ± 3 nm, with a zeta potential −28 ± 2.0 mV. CAT vesicles showed a prominent drug entrapment efficiency of 74% ± 3%. A blood hemolytic assay revealed no hemolysis occurred. CAT vesicle exhibited a reduced cytotoxic effect against NIH/3T3 normal mouse fibroblast cells, at the maximum concentration of 1000 μg/mL. However, the MIC₅₀ empty and Cefixime loaded CAT niosomal vesicles against XDR <i>S. enterica</i> was observed at 250 and 125 μgmL⁻¹, respectively, indicating that Cefixime lowered the MIC₅₀ by two-fold. Topographical atomic force microscopy (AFM) images revealed that exposure to Cefixime-loaded CAT niosomes efficiently damaged the bacterial cell membrane of XDR <i>S. enterica</i>, resulting in leaking and scattering.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 4","pages":"719-730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}