Journal of Surfactants and Detergents最新文献

{"title":"Study of worm-like micelles of alcohol propoxylated sulfate/alcohol ethoxylated surfactants mixtures for crude oil recovery","authors":"Mairis Guevara,&nbsp;Antonio Luis Cárdenas,&nbsp;Ana Forgiarini","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12819","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Systems with elongated cylindrical micelles, also known as worm-like micelles (WM) or viscoelastic surfactants (VES), have high surface activity and high viscosity, which makes them attractive in different applications such as improved oil recovery, friction reducing agents in heating and cooling fluids, household and personal care products. This study examines the carbon's chain length of alkyl propoxylated sodium sulfate anionic surfactants (C₁₆O(PO)₁₅S, C₁₄O(PO)₁₅S, and C₁₂O(PO)₁₅S) mixed with a nonionic ethoxylated surfactant on viscoelastic properties and interfacial tension. Results show that the larger the surfactant's carbon chain, the greater the possibility of forming WM. Furthermore, the propylene oxides' (PO) number and the nonionic surfactant's type of tail (linear or branched) is studied, not only on WM formation but also on WM/crude interfacial tension values. It is observed that the surfactant's molecular structure plays an important role in WM formation. By increasing the anionic surfactant's PO from 15 to 20 units, the maximum value of zero viscosity goes from 4.507 to 0.092 Pa.s and by changing the structure of the nonionic surfactant from linear (C_12-13EO₈) to branched (C_12-14EO₉) keeping the PO number of the extended surfactant constant, the zero viscosity value goes from 4.507 to 0.28 Pa.s. Likewise, the WM/crude interfacial tension reached values of the order of 10⁻³ mN/m in the salinity range studied, which makes these systems very interesting for polymer substitution in enhanced crude oil recovery (EOR).</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 3","pages":"523-533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, biodegradation, and evaluation of the surface-active properties of non-ionic gemini surfactants derived from lauryl diethanolamide","authors":"Gerónimo Tognotti,&nbsp;Carolina Guadalupe Gutierrez,&nbsp;Marcelo César Murguía","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12820","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The surface activities and application properties of aqueous solution surfactants are greatly influenced by their structure, especially the spacer group that connects the polar head groups. Herein, four new non-ionic Gemini surfactants with different spacers were designed and synthesized, and their surfactant properties and biodegradability were studied. The synthesis of these compounds involves a two-step procedure. The first step is the formation of an amide from lauric acid and diethanolamine. The second step is the reaction of lauryl diethanolamide with four different spacers, the latter being flexible-hydrophilic, and rigid-hydrophobic in structure, respectively. Their structures were characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, and ESI-MS. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension at CMC (γ_CMC), the efficiency of these compounds to reduce the surface tension by 20 mN/m (<i>C</i>₂₀ and p<i>C</i>₂₀), the effectiveness (π_CMC), the maximum surface excess (Γ_max), and the minimum surface area (<i>A</i>_min) were measured at 20, 40, and 50°C. The molecular architecture of the spacers in these compounds strongly influences the thermodynamic parameters, such as the standard change for Gibbs free energy of adsorption (Δ<i>G°</i>_<i>ads</i>) and the standard change for Gibbs free energy of micellization (Δ<i>G°</i>_<i>mic</i>). The ability of these surfactants to reduce surface tension is particularly good, but their distinguishing characteristic is their high relative propensity to form micellar aggregates. This aggregation ability improves as the hydrophilicity and flexibility of the spacer increase. Finally, in less than 30 days, all non-ionic Gemini surfactants were determined to be 99% biodegradable in river water.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 3","pages":"535-556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretation of antimicrobial function of biosurfactant rhamnolipids using Trisodium 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate-based fluorescent surfactants","authors":"Shuai Kong,&nbsp;Haifeng Xiao,&nbsp;Baima Zhuoga,&nbsp;Chong Shen,&nbsp;Qin Meng","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12804","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The wide use of antibiotics can lead to antimicrobial resistance. Biosurfactant rhamnolipids are not prone to induce antimicrobial resistance due to their potential to target microbial membranes in both bacteria and fungi. However, the membrane interaction of anionic rhamnolipids with microbials has never been visually observed. This study applied previously synthesized anionic fluorescent Trisodium 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS)-based surfactants, with hydrophobic tails from C8 to C18, to examine their interaction with the plant pathogen <i>Alternaria alternata</i>. The antifungal potency of the surfactants exhibited a positive correlation with the increase in hydrophobic chain length, culminating in C16, which demonstrated the highest activity. Subsequently, a modest reduction in potency was noted for the C18. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the membrane targeting of HPTS-C16, and molecular dynamics simulations supported its specific membrane interaction. HPTS-C16 was notably more effective against spores than mycelium, consistent with its binding affinity. This research provides a fluorescent method to dissect the relationship between surfactant properties and microbial membrane characteristics, guiding the development of antimicrobials to combat resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 3","pages":"511-522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-lauroylglutamates with two and four carboxylate head groups: Their interactions with bovine serum albumin","authors":"Ankita Singh,&nbsp;Sumedha Gupta,&nbsp; Neelakshi,&nbsp;Vinithra Gurunarayanan,&nbsp;Ramesh Ramapanicker","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>N</i>-lauroyl derivatives of amino acids have widely been reported as environmentally benign surfactants. Although <i>N</i>-lauroyl-<span>l</span>-glutamate is reported in the literature, the effect of the two carboxylate groups in it has not been specifically addressed. In this study, we report the interactions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with <i>N</i>-lauroylglutamate (<b>S1</b>) and an <i>N</i>-lauroyl derivative of a tripeptide of glutamic acid (<b>S2</b>), respectively. The surfactant <b>S1</b> has two and <b>S2</b> has four carboxylic acid groups making them different from other <i>N</i>-lauroyl amino acids, which have just one carboxylic acid group. The aim of this study is to understand the role of the number of carboxylate groups present in these amino acid-based anionic surfactants while interacting with biomolecules such as BSA. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactants were measured both in the presence and absence of BSA using fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence of BSA was quenched on addition of the surfactants. The mechanisms of fluorescence quenching were established by studying the fluorescence at three different temperatures. CD studies were performed to calculate the temperature at which BSA unfolds completely in the presence and absence of the surfactants. Conformational changes in the secondary structure of BSA were also observed on the addition of <b>S1</b> and <b>S2</b>. The results of these studies are compared with those previously reported for the interactions between BSA and <i>N</i>-lauroylglycinate. We find that <b>S1</b> has a lower CMC than <b>S2</b> and lauroylglycinate. The surfactant <b>S1</b> stabilized the secondary structure of BSA better at higher temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 3","pages":"501-510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of amino acid surfactants bioinspired from melanin using ethyl protocatechuate","authors":"Jiadong Chen,&nbsp;Weikang Tang,&nbsp;Mengqi Han,&nbsp;Qinfei Chen,&nbsp;Hong Zhou,&nbsp;Yongkui Zhang,&nbsp;Wenbin Liu","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12815","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amino acid surfactants are widely used in areas of life and industry. Biomimetic synthesis of a new type of amino acid surfactant was based on the melanogenesis using the natural substances ethyl protocatechuate. Ethyl protocatechuate was oxidized to o-benzoquinone using silver oxide. The amino group of amino acids, including arginine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, leucine, and threonine, was conjugated with o-benzoquinone to synthesize melanin-like amino acid surfactants. o-Benzoquinone moiety behaved as hydrophobic part while amino acid residue served as hydrophilic head group. The critical micelle concentration of cysteine product was 1.18 mM. The melanin-like amino acid surfactant showed excellent foamability, wettability, emulsification, solubilization, and dispersibility properties. Arginine product showed the longest foam half lifetime of 18 min; the wetting time of threonine product was 23 s; the emulsion delamination time of cysteine product was 1034 and 1940 s for liquid paraffin and soybean oil, respectively; threonine product had the most solubilization capacity of 9430 mL mol⁻¹ of benzene; glutamic acid product showed the highest lime soap dispersing power value of 45.58%. It was the first invention for biomimetic synthesis of amino acid surfactant from aspect of both structure and route. Melanin-like amino acid surfactant had promising potential in both fundamental research and industrial application.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 3","pages":"491-500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfluidic visualization of in-situ emulsification during surfactant flooding","authors":"Yiwei Fang,&nbsp;Moyi Li,&nbsp;Baoliang Peng,&nbsp;Weidong Liu,&nbsp;Guangzhi Liao,&nbsp;Xuezhi Zhao,&nbsp;Yujun Feng","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12816","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surfactant plays a crucial role in the chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) process, and in-situ emulsification is regarded as one of the mechanisms for surfactant flooding. However, no direct evidences are available so far to show how emulsions are generated in porous media, and how emulsification is essential for cEOR. To address these issues, binary mixtures of several currently-used sulfonate surfactants, S_H5, S_H6, and S_HZ, were formulated with connate brine to displace crude oil in both 2D microfluidic chips and 3D glass beads porous media, as well as artificial cores. It was found that both “oil-in-water” (O/W) and “water-in-oil” (W/O) macroemulsions can be formed in-situ inside the porous media, and they improve oil recovery mainly through breaking residual oil into small drops and improving mobility ratio, which can significantly reduce the residual oil saturation by up to 12.8% in 2D microchips. The in-situ emulsification in 3D glass beads medium can get oil recovery factor up to 15% over water flooding. In-situ formulation of microemulsion was also observed in microfluidic flow tests. Part of the oil phase is emulsified into microemulsions that are present in the middle phase, further mobilizing the oil trapped downstream, lowering residual oil saturation from 54.8% to 11.3% in 2D microchips, and enhancing oil recovery factor up to 25% in core flooding test. These findings advance insightful understanding of in-situ emulsification during surfactant flooding process under simulated oil reservoir condition, offering real-time evidence of how both macro- and micro-emulsions formation help for cEOR.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 3","pages":"479-490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of shampoo formulations using plant/microbial biosurfactants as an alternative to shampoos formulated with harsh synthetic surfactants","authors":"Somayeh Samadi,&nbsp;Hossein Amani,&nbsp;Ghasem D. Najafpour,&nbsp;Hasan Kariminezhad,&nbsp;Abbas Banaei","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12814","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The presence of harmful chemical surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in healthcare products is a challenge that world is facing today. The present study aimed to formulate novel green shampoos using rhamnolipid and saponin instead of chemical surfactants, and comparison with commercial shampoos. Biosurfactants were confirmed by thin layer and high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and their performance was evaluated by zone inhibition and critical micelle concentration (CMC). The saponin and rhamnolipid reduced the surface tension (ST) of water from 72 to 40 and 30 mN/m at their CMCs, respectively. Four novel shampoo formulations were made with SLS, rhamnolipid, saponin, and a mixture of rhamnolipid and saponin. The green shampoos were evaluated with tests of color, odor, transparency, pH, ST, detergency, solid content, foam type, foam volume, wetting time and microbial contamination standard to determine the physicochemical properties. The green formulations with rhamnolipid, saponin and mixture of rhamnolipid and saponin were clear and transparent with a good odor. Low ST (34.13, 38.83, and 31.73 mN/m), good detergency (63.87%, 57.74%, and 64.45%), comparable solid contents (25.11%, 26.95%, and 27.50%), good wetting time (160, 165, and 153 s), and good foam stability even after 60 min were observed for three green shampoos, respectively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that these green shampoos can compete with commercial shampoos and be a suitable alternative to chemical shampoos containing sulfate and sulfate-free, especially for children, people with eye and skin sensitivities and with oily hair.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 3","pages":"463-478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reusable nontoxic pyrimidine-based oleogelators: Phase selectivity and nanostructured structuring","authors":"Siddhartha Das,&nbsp;Meheboob Khan,&nbsp;Aparna Roy,&nbsp;Sumita Roy,&nbsp;Surya Kanta Dey,&nbsp;Sujata Maiti Choudhury","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12817","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the last few decades, scientists have been working hard to produce edible structural agents those can be used in food, cosmetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. The supramolecular assembly of simple amphiphiles in presence of edible oil is the most ideal system for this purpose because the system has no harmful health consequences. We have attempted to address the aforementioned implications in this article by synthesizing a novel class of structuring agents 2-alkyl amino pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid amphiphiles named 2-decylamino-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (DPCA), 2-dodecylamino- pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (DDPCA) and 2-tetradecylamino-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (TDPCA), using simple procedure. To our delight, the prepared amphiphiles self-assemble to a gel matrix in various vegetable oils and mineral oils. Microscopic analyses were used to investigate the nanostructured morphology of molecular gels. Rheological studies revealed that oleogels are mechanically processable and viscoelastic. Temperature dependent and concentration dependent proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) studies were performed to analyze the hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. The study discovered that gelators act as reusable phase selective gelators (PSG) of oil in water–oil mixture. The (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay has proven that the synthetic oleogelators are nontoxic.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 3","pages":"447-461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel foam-draining and anti-polymerization integrated agent for gas well application","authors":"Jingying Liang,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Tao Li,&nbsp;Rui Zhou,&nbsp;Chengtun Qu,&nbsp;Ying Tang","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12807","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, surfactants such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) and coconut oil amide propyl betaine (CAB) were compounded (TCJ) and used as a double function with foam drainage and hydrate anti-polymerization. According to the result it was found that 0.05% of CTAC and 0.7% of CAB exhibited both excellent foam property and hydrate anti-polymerization property. For further clarifying the stability characteristic of foam, the foam half-life, drainage process, microcosmic liquid film structure, and stability mechanism were investigated in this article. The high initial foam volume of 415 mL with relatively long half-life time of 5.5 min under high-speed agitation at 50°C after 25 min indicated a good temperature resistance. The excellent foam properties still remained even amount of methanol and NaCl was added, which indicated its well stability and salt resistance. Furthermore, it was found that TCJ exhibited high liquid carrying rate of 62.5% at 65°C and good compatibility with poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), which played great potential to the application in oil field. By the results of DSC curves, it can be found that the phase transformation point of hydrate decreases after addition of TCJ, which indicates the inhibition to the formation of hydrate as thermodynamic inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 3","pages":"437-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of micellar transitions in mixed systems of dibranched cationic/nonionic fluorinated surfactants using various physicochemical methods","authors":"Amina Sardi,&nbsp;Khadidja Kradra Brahma,&nbsp;Souad Bennabi,&nbsp;Soumia Abdelkrim","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12813","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a new method was introduced to induce micellar transitions by using vesicles formed from mixed surfactants, which offer enhanced stability. Different physicochemical analysis methods were used to study the transition mechanism and the aggregation behavior of the mixed aqueous system composed of the double-chain cationic didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and a single-chain nonionic fluorinated surfactant undecafluoro n-pentyl decaoxyethylene ether (C₅F₁₁(EO)₁₀), by varying the fraction of DDAB, then the total surfactant concentration of DDAB/C₅F₁₁(EO)₁₀ mixed system at X_DDAB = 0.9. The obtained results indicated that the addition of the fluorinated surfactant C₅F₁₁(EO)₁₀ to the mixed system resulted in a reduction of the surface tension (<i>γ</i>) and a decrease in the Electrical conductivity (K). Furthermore, even at high total concentrations of the mixed system, the conductivity and charge density at the surface remained stable. As X_DDAB values increased, a higher degree of dissociation (α) was observed, along with negative values in the thermodynamic parameters of micellization (Δ<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <mi>CMC</mi>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow></math>, Δ<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <mi>CVC</mi>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow></math>, and Δ<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <mi>ads</mi>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow></math>), confirming the transition from micelles to vesicles. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed the formation of two stable types of aggregates at both low and high concentrations, as supported by the zeta potential (ζ). Upon increasing the concentration of surfactants, UV–Vis absorption measurements indicated that small spherical micelles grow into large multilamellar vesicles, as evidenced by an increase in turbidity and confirmed transmission electron microscopy images.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":"28 1","pages":"201-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}